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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-03-08
    Description: We aimed to investigate the cellular and chemical response of the chemically defended sponge Aplysina aerophoba (Phylum Porifera: Class Demospongiae) to grazing by its specialist Tylodina perversa (Phylum Mollusca: Class Opistobranchia). Three treatments were applied: control, grazing, and mechanical damage. Samples were collected 3 hours, 1 day, 3 days, and 6 days after treatment. The behavior of sea slugs after directly contact with sponge specimen was recorded by using a GoPro Hero 4 camera with the program time lapse (1 picture every 5 sec) for 1.5 to 2 hours. Our results showed that spherulous cells were recruited to the wounded site in a time-dependent manner. MALDI-imaging MS showed that both brominated compounds (aerophobin-2 and aeroplysinin-1) localized usually at the sponge surface and accumulated at the damaged surface upon wounding. As spherulous cells are common in many members of the class Demospongiae, the recruitment of defensive cells may also occur in other sponges for protecting these filter-feeders. Our study contributes to understanding the evolutionary mechanisms in sponges for facing grazing and wounding.
    Keywords: Comment; Compounds; Experiment; File format; File name; File size; grazing; Image resolution; Magnification; MALDI-imaging mass spectrometry; microscopy; Porifera; Replicate; response to wounding; spherulous cells; sponge; Tissue, sampling; transmission electron microscopy; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to image; Uniform resource locator/link to movie
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 994 data points
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  • 2
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    In:  Supplement to: Rubin-Blum, Maxim; Antony, Chakkiath Paul; Sayavedra, Lizbeth; Martínez-Pérez, Clara; Birgel, Daniel; Peckmann, Jörn; Wu, Yu-Chen; Cárdenas, Paco; MacDonald, Ian R; Marcon, Yann; Sahling, Heiko; Hentschel, Ute; Dubilier, Nicole (2019): Fueled by methane: deep-sea sponges from asphalt seeps gain their nutrition from methane-oxidizing symbionts. The ISME Journal, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0346-7
    Publication Date: 2023-11-20
    Description: Sponges host a remarkable diversity of microbial symbionts, however, the benefit their microbes provide is rarely understood. Here, we describe two new sponge species from deep-sea asphalt seeps and show that they live in a nutritional symbiosis with methane-oxidizing (MOX) bacteria. Metagenomics and imaging analyses revealed unusually high amounts of MOX symbionts in hosts from a group previously assumed to have low microbial abundances. These symbionts belonged to the Marine Methylotrophic Group 2 clade. They are host-specific and likely vertically transmitted, based on their presence in sponge embryos and streamlined genomes, which lacked genes typical of related free-living MOX. Moreover, genes known to play a role in host–symbiont interactions, such as those that encode eukaryote-like proteins, were abundant and expressed. Methane assimilation by the symbionts was one of the most highly expressed metabolic pathways in the sponges. Molecular and stable carbon isotope patterns of lipids confirmed that methane-derived carbon was incorporated into the hosts. Our results revealed that two species of sponges, although distantly related, independently established highly specific, nutritional symbioses with two closely related methanotrophs. This convergence in symbiont acquisition underscores the strong selective advantage for these sponges in harboring MOX bacteria in the food-limited deep sea.
    Keywords: asphalt; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Chapopote; Gulf of Mexico; LAPM; MARUM; Mosaic; Photomosaic; seep; TAR
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-11-20
    Keywords: asphalt; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Chapopote; File content; File format; File name; File size; Gulf of Mexico; LAPM; MARUM; Mosaic; Photomosaic; seep; TAR; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 20 data points
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Cold storage is the primary preservation method of postharvest loquat fruits. However, cold storage also results in many chilling injury physiological disorders called lignification, which decreases the quality and economic value of the fruits. Few studies to date have focused on the transcriptomic responses associated with lignification except lignin synthesis pathways. This study aimed to explore the changes of loquat transcriptome during long-term cold storage. Our results showed that the gene expression patterns were differed among the five stages. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to cold storage were more intense and complex in earlier stage. The membrane-related genes preferentially responded to low temperature and were followed by intracellular-located genes. The cold-induced pathways were mainly concerned with signal transduction and secondary metabolism (i.e., lignin, pectin, cellulose, terpenoid, carotenoid, steroid) in the first three stages and were chiefly related to primary metabolism in the later two stages, especially energy metabolism. Further investigation suggested that 503 protein kinases, 106 protein phosphatases, and 40 Ca2+ signal components were involved in the cold signal transduction of postharvest loquat fruits. We predicted a pathway including 649 encoding genes of 49 enzymes, which displayed the metabolisms of major sugars and polysaccharides in cold-stored loquat fruits. The coordinated expression patterns of these genes might contribute to the changes of saccharides in the pathway. These results provide new insight into the transcriptomic changes of postharvest loquat fruits in response to cold storage environment, which may be helpful for improving the postharvest life of loquat in the future.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4425
    Topics: Biology
    Published by MDPI
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-08-18
    Description: A new simple carbazole alkaloid, 4-(7-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-9 H -carbazol-4-yl)but-3-en-2-one ( 1 ), and two new dimeric carbazole alkaloids, bisglybomine B ( 2 ) and biscarbalexine A ( 3 ), together with seven known alkaloids, were isolated from the stems of Glycosmis pentaphylla. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D-NMR techniques.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-07-28
    Description: Aminoacyl p -nitroaniline (aminoacyl- p NA) and aminoacyl 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (aminoacyl-AMC) are important synthons for the synthesis of chromogenic/fluorogenic protease substrates. A new efficient method was developed to synthesize aminoacyl- p NA and aminoacyl-AMC derivatives in excellent yields starting from either amino acids or their corresponding commercially available N -hydroxysuccinimide esters. The method involved the in situ formation of selenocarboxylate intermediate of protected amino acids and the subsequent non-nucleophilic amidation with an azide. Common protecting groups used in amino acid/peptide chemistry were all well-tolerated. The method was also successfully applied to the synthesis of a dipeptide conjugate, indicating that the methodology is applicable to the synthesis of chromogenic substrates containing short peptides. The method has general applicability to the synthesis of chromogenic and fluorogenic peptide substrates and represents a convenient and high-yield synthesis of N α -protected-aminoacyl- p NAs/AMCs, providing easy access to these important synthons for the construction of chromogenic/fluorogenic protease substrates through fragment condensation or stepwise elongation. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1030–1035. doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.117
    Keywords: 7-amino-4-methylcoumarinp-nitroanilineproteolytic substrateselenocarboxylate/azide amidationsynthon
    Electronic ISSN: 1860-5397
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Beilstein-Institut
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Crude oil is one of the main energy sources and its prices have gained increasing attention due to its important role in the world economy. Accurate prediction of crude oil prices is an important issue not only for ordinary investors, but also for the whole society. To achieve the accurate prediction of nonstationary and nonlinear crude oil price time series, an adaptive hybrid ensemble learning paradigm integrating complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and sparse Bayesian learning (SBL), namely CEEMD-ARIMA&SBL-SBL (CEEMD-A&S-SBL), is developed in this study. Firstly, the decomposition method CEEMD, which can reduce the end effects and mode mixing, was employed to decompose the original crude oil price time series into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and one residue. Then, ARIMA and SBL with combined kernels were applied to predict target values for the residue and each single IMF independently. Finally, the predicted values of the above two models for each component were adaptively selected based on the training precision, and then aggregated as the final forecasting results using SBL without kernel-tricks. Experiments were conducted on the crude oil spot prices of the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) and Brent crude oil to evaluate the performance of the proposed CEEMD-A&S-SBL. The experimental results demonstrated that, compared with some state-of-the-art prediction models, CEEMD-A&S-SBL can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of crude oil prices in terms of the root mean squared error (RMSE), the mean absolute percent error (MAPE), and the directional statistic (Dstat).
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-06-10
    Description: Pathogen detection in water samples, without complex and time consuming procedures such as fluorescent-labeling or culture-based incubation, is essential to public safety. We propose an immunoagglutination-based protocol together with the microfluidic device to quantify pathogen levels directly from water samples. Utilizing ubiquitous complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) imagers from mobile electronics, a low-cost and one-step reaction detection protocol is developed to enable field detection for waterborne pathogens. 10 mL of pathogen-containing water samples was processed using the developed protocol including filtration enrichment, immune-reaction detection and imaging processing. The limit of detection of 10 E. coli O157:H7 cells/10 mL has been demonstrated within 10 min of turnaround time. The protocol can readily be integrated into a mobile electronics such as smartphones for rapid and reproducible field detection of waterborne pathogens.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: High serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels are associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). This study aimed to assess the association of fasting serum FFAs with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a Chinese population. A total of 840 subjects fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of NAFLD and 331 healthy control participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Fasting serum FFA levels and other clinical and laboratory parameters were measured. NAFLD patients had significantly higher serum FFA levels than controls (P 〈 0.001). Serum FFA levels were significantly and positively correlated with parameters of MS, inflammation indexes, and markers of hepatocellular damage. Elevated serum FFA levels were found in NAFLD subjects with individual components of MS (obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia, and hyperglycaemia). Stepwise regression showed that serum FFA levels were an independent factor predicting advanced fibrosis (FIB-4 ≥ 1.3) in NAFLD patients. Serum FFA levels correlated with NAFLD and could be used as an indicator for predicting advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep05832
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-03-17
    Description: Hyperuricemia is a strong and independent predictor of all-cause mortality in cardiovascular disease and has been found to play a role in diseases exacerbated by oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate whether serum uric acid (UA) level is an indicator of outcome in patients with acute paraquat poisoning. A total of 205 subjects who had attempted suicide by oral ingestion of paraquat were admitted to the emergency room between January 2009 and June 2014. Initial serum UA level and other laboratory parameters were measured. A total of 66 patients died during the 30 days after admission, corresponding to a 32.2% cumulative incidence of mortality. UA levels were higher in non-survivors than survivors (P 〈 0.001) and 30-day mortality increased with increasing baseline serum UA level (P 〈 0.001). In a prediction analysis for 30-day mortality, the serum UA level had a cut-off concentration of 284 µmol/L in female patients and 352 µmol/L in male patients. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that white blood cell counts and UA were independent prognostic factors. In conclusion, we showed that serum UA may be an independent predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with paraquat poisoning. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep09168
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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