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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: Ca2+ channels ; CAMP-dependent phosphorylation ; cardiac contractile force ; protein kinase A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In canine myocardium, the β-subunit of the L-type Ca2+ channel is phosphorylated by cAMP dependent protein kinase in vitro as well as in vivo (Haase et al. FEBS Lett 335: 217–222, 1993). We have assessed the identity of the β-subunit as well as its in vivo phosphorylation in representative experimental groups of catecholamine-challenged canine hearts. Adrenergic stimulation by high doses of both noradrenaline and isoprenaline induced rapid (within 20 sec) and nearly complete phosphorylation of the Ca2+ channel β-subunit. Phosphorylation in vivo was about 4-fold higher as compared to untreated controls. When related to catecholamine-depleted (reserpine-treated) hearts noradrenaline and isoprenaline increased the in vivo phosphorylation of the β-subunit even 8-fold. This phosphorylation correlated positively with tissue levels of cAMP, endogenous particulated cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and the rate of contractile force development dP/dtmax. The results imply the involvement of a PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the Ca2+ channel β-subunit in the adrenergic stimulation of intact canine myocardium.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 59 (1995), S. 69-78 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: steroid-hormone regulation ; MHC ; MLC ; myosin ; rats ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the effects of ovarectomy and the steroid hormones estrogen and testosterone on the in vivo expression of heavy (MHC) and light (MLC) chains of myosin in the heart, uterus, and aorta of rats. In the heart, ovarectomy decreased alpha-MHC expression, while both steroid hormones normalized it. Differential steroid hormone effects could be observed on myosin subunit expression of smooth muscle. Testosterone but not estrogen normalized the ovarectomy-induced decreased expression of SM1 and strongly increased the expression of 5′-inserted MHC in the uterus. Estrogen but not testosterone normalized the ovarectomy-induced diminished MLC17a expression. In contrast to the uterus, no steroid hormone effects on myosin subunit expression could be observed in the aorta. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 60 (1996), S. 521-528 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: myosin heavy chains ; smooth muscle ; alternative splicing ; contractility ; myosin light chains ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The aim of our study was to determine the relation between alternatively spliced myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and the contractility of smooth muscle. The relative amount of MHC with an alternatively spliced insert in the 5′ (amino terminal) domain was determined on the protein level using a peptide-directed antibody (a25K/50K) raised against the inserted sequence (QGPSFAY). Smooth muscle MHC isoforms of both bladder and myometrium but not nonmuscle MHC reacted with a25/50K. Using a quantitative Western-blot approach the amount of 5′-inserted MHC in rat bladder was detected to be about eightfold higher than in normal rat myometrium. The amount of heavy chain with insert was found to be decreased by about 50% in the myometrium of pregnant rats. Although bladder contained significantly more 5′-inserted MHC than myometrium, apparent maximal shortening velocities (Vmax) were comparable, being 0.138 ± 0.012 and 0.114 ± 0.023 muscle length per second of skinned bladder and normal myometrium fibers, respectively. Phosphorylation of myosin light chain 20 induced by maximal Ca2+/calmodulin activation was the same in bladder and myometrial fibers. These results suggest that the amount of 5′-inserted MHC is not necessarily associated with contractile properties of smooth muscle. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: alternative splicing ; myometrium ; myoma ; smooth muscle ; myosin heavy chains ; myosin light chains ; hypertrophy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We investigated in vivo expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, 17 kDa myosin light chain (MLC17), and phosphorylation of the 20 kDa MLC (MLC20) as well as mechanical performance of chemically skinned fibers of normal and hypertrophied smooth muscle (SM) of human myometrium. According to their immunological reactivity, we identified three MHC isoenzymes in the human myometrium: two SM-MHC (SM1 with 204 kDa and SM2 with 200 kDa), and one non-muscle specific MHC (NM with 196 kDa). No cross-reactivity was detected with an antibody raised against a peptide corresponding to a seven amino acid insert at the 25K/50K junction of the myosin head (a-25K/50K) in both normal and hypertrophied myometrium. In contrast, SM-MHC of human myomatous tissue strongly reacted with a-25K/50K. Expression of SM1/SM2/NM (%) in normal myometrium was 31.7/34.7/33.6 and 35.1/40.9/24 in hypertrophied myometrium. The increased SM2 and decreased NM expression in the hypertrophied state was statistically significant (P 〈 0.05). MHC isoform distribution in myomatous tissue was similar to normal myometrium (35.3/35.3/29.4). In vivo expression of MLC17a increased from 25.5% in normal to 44.2% in hypertrophied (P 〈 0.001) myometrium. Phosphorylation levels of MLC20 upon maximal Ca20-calmodulin activation of skinned myometrial fibers were the same in normal and hypertrophied myometrial fibers. Maximal force of isometric contraction of skinned fibers (pCa 4.5, slack-length) was 2.85 mN/mm2 and 5.6 mN/mm2 in the normal and hypertrophied state, respectively (P 〈 0.001). Apparent maximal shortening velocity (Vmaxapp, extrapolated from the force-velocity relation) of myometrium rose from 0.13 muscle length s 1 (ML/s) in normal to 0.24 ML/s in hypertrophied fibers (P 〈 0.001). J. Cell. Biochem, 64:171-181. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: myosin heavy chain ; gene expression ; neonatal rat heart culture ; contraction ; 2,3 butanedione monoxime ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: It is generally accepted that mechanical stress of cardiomyocytes increases RNA and protein synthesis of myosin heavy chain (MHC) quantitatively but it is still a matter of debate whether MHC gene expression is also changed qualitatively. We investigated expression of MHC genes of spontaneously contracting neonatal cardiomyocytes experimentally arrested by permanent depolarization [potassium chloride (KCI)] as well as by electromechanical uncoupling [2,3 butanedione monoxime (BDM)]. Relative distribution of MHC mRNA isoforms (α and β) was studied by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Expression of MHC isoenzymes was the same in contracting (34.5% β-MHC) and arrested (40.5% and 33.0% β-MHC in KCl and BDM, respectively) cardiomyocytes. However, treatment with phenylephrine for the same period increased significantly β-MHC expression to 55%. We conclude that hormonal factors rather than Ca2- or mechanical stress regulate qualitatively MHC gene expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 64:458-465. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 259-268 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ; cardiac isoforms ; muscle differentiation ; cell line Hgc2 ; adult rat heart ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Despite their important role in controlling the cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis, presence and functions of individual isoforms of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in the heart are not well studied. Here we report on expression of isoforms of the δ class in two differentiation states of the embryonic rat heart-derived cell line H9c2 compared to adult rat heart. Reverse transcription coupled polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed specific expression patterns of four variants of the δ class (δB, δC, δ4, δ9) in adult rat heart, H9c2 myoblasts, and skeletal muscle-like H9c2 myotubes. δC was identified as a common isoform with higher amounts in H9c2 cells and the prominent one in myoblasts. In contrast, expression of δ9 accompanied cardiac as well as skeletal muscle differentiation. Expression of δB, however, was representative for differentiated cardiac muscle, whereas δ4 expression coincided with differentiation into the skeletal muscle-like state. Our results demonstrate differentiation-dependent isoform expression of the δ class of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase of muscle. The identification of cardiac target proteins for this kinase, e.g. the α1-subunit of the L-type Ca2+ channel, the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, phospholamban and the ryanodine receptor define H9c2 myoblasts as a suitable model system for further functional characterization of the identified cardiac δ isoforms. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:259-268, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 110-120 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: myosin heavy chains ; rat heart ; naturally occurring antisense mRNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Analysis of mRNA by Northern blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the expression of sense and considerable amounts of naturally occurring antisense mRNA for β-myosin heavy chain (MHC) and α-MHC in the neonatal rat heart: antisense MHC mRNA expression of α-MHC and β-MHC was approximately half of the corresponding sense MHC mRNA expression. Using a computational approach, we could identify a reverse Pol II promoter in the β-MHC gene. Both sense and antisense MHC mRNA demonstrated similar sizes of approximately 6,000 bp in the Northern blot. Alpha-MHC antisense mRNA consisted of approximately 3,700 bp of complementary exon sequences and β-MHC consisted of approximately 2,700 bp, suggesting a higher probability of α-MHC mRNA dimerization. Hence, sense mRNA transcripts and protein of α-MHC should exist at different relative levels in the neonatal state. In fact, the relative proportion of α-MHC was 52.0 ± 2.6% on the sense mRNA but only 36.3 ± 1.8% on the protein level. Because of its high abundance in the heart, we suggest that in the neonatal heart naturally occurring antisense mRNA may play a role in the regulation of MHC expression and, therefore, in the control of the energetical and contractile behaviour of the heart. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:110-120, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 63 (1996), S. 86-93 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: smooth muscle ; urinary bladder ; hypertrophy ; myosin light chain ; myosin heavy chain ; force-velocity relationship ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Mechanical properties and isoform composition of myosin heavy and light chains were studied in hypertrophying rat urinary bladders. Growth of the bladder was induced by partial ligation of the urethra. Preparations were obtained after 10 days. In maximally activated skinned preparations from the hypertrophying tissue, the maximal shortening velocity and the rate of force development following photolytic release of ATP were reduced by about 20 and 25%, respectively. Stiffness was unchanged. The relative content of the basic isoform of the essential 17 kDa myosin light chain was doubled in the hypertrophied tissue. The expression of myosin heavy chain with a 7 amino acid insert at the 25K/50K region was determined using a peptide-derived antibody against the insert sequence. The relative amount of heavy chain with insert was decreased to 50%, in the hypertrophic tissue. The kinetics of the cross-bridge turn-over in the newly formed myosin in the hypertrophic smooth muscle is reduced, which might be related to altered expression of myosin heavy or light chain isoforms. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2001-05-11
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2000-05-12
    Print ISSN: 1465-7392
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4679
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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