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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 26 (1987), S. 4029-4032 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 108 (1986), S. 820-825 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: zebra mussel ; intermittent halogenation ; Dreissena polymorpha ; growth ; settlement ; survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of intermittent (2–4 h/day) treatments with chlorine or bromine at levels of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L (total residual oxidant) upon settling and growth of veliger larvae of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, was examined in two successive flow-through studies. The work was conducted in a field laboratory which received a constant supply of water from western Lake Erie. Veliger densities in the water at the field site peaked at 530/L, while mussel densities on settling monitors reached 147,100/m2 over the course of the two studies (early July to late September 1991). In Study 1, a 2-h daily treatment with 1.0 mg/L chlorine reduced mussel settling by 91% as compared with controls, although mussel densities of up to 6,000/m2 still occurred. Treatment with 0.5 mg/L chlorine for 4 h/day produced a similar reduction in mussel settling during the second study. Bromine was less effective than chlorine at reducing settling of veligers. Mussels which remained settled in the treatment tanks had growth rates similar to controls, reaching 2–4 mm in length over a 30-day period. The intermittent halogen treatments similarly had no effect on whole body glycogen levels or growth of adult D. polymorpha. The intermittent chlorination regime used may therefore delay, but would not prevent a mussel fouling problem.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Keywords: bone ; intermediate filament ; nuclear matrix ; osteoblast ; osteosarcoma ; tissue matrix
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Treatment for osteosarcoma is problematic because there are no prognostic markers. Diagnosis is primarily limited to cytologic grading. Oncogenesis alters cell structure therefore osteoblast tissue matrix proteins (extracellular matrix, cytoskeletal, intermediate filament, and nuclear matrix proteins), components of the cell substructure, are candidates for osteosarcoma markers. Structural proteins of the extracellular matrix, e.g. the collagens, are useful for diagnosis but not for tumors that produce little osteoid. To identify principal cellular tissue matrix proteins that distinguish normal from transformed human osteoblasts, their expression in normal osteoblasts, two osteosarcoma cell lines, and three primary osteosarcoma tumors were compared. The tumors were graded as (i) intermediate, (ii) high, and (iii) high grade recurrent. The 1-D SDS/PAGE profiles of the major components of the nuclear matrix and intermediate filament fractions from normal osteoblasts did not vary with biopsy site, age, or sex of patients. These profiles included known cytoskeletal proteins and OB250, a ∼250 kD protein(s) observed in the intermediate filament fraction. A loss of protein bands, including OB250, was observed in the osteosarcoma cell lines and tumors. The intermediate and high grade tumors exhibited nearly identical protein profiles including potential tumor-specific proteins and collagen, consistent with the presence of intracellular collagen fibers in osteosarcoma. A microsequence was obtained for OT25, a novel low molecular weight protein observed in osteosarcoma cell lines. Fibrinogen γ-chain, a protein that mediates cell adhesion was recovered from the high grade recurrent tumor.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Biomarkers ; Mercury ; in situ ; Ambloplites rupestris ; season
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Selected physiological and biochemical variables were examined in rock bass, Ambloplites rupestris, which were collected on five different sampling dates from an area of chronic mercury contamination and a reference site on the South River, Virginia. The onset of spawning represented the most significant seasonal influence in the physiological profile of the fish, with elevations in hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma protein, and plasma glucose. Sex-related differences in plasma calcium, liver glycogen and liver ascorbic acid were also unique to the period. Female rock bass had significantly higher levels of liver glutathione than did males on all but one of the sampling dates, although the cause of this difference is not clear. Rock bass from the mercury contaminated site had an average muscle mercury concentration of 1.37 mg Hg g−1, and an average liver mercury concentration of 2.86 mg Hg g−1. These levels were approximately an order of magnitude greater than those found in the tissues of the reference fish which averaged 0.165 and 0.101 mg Hg g−1 in muscle and liver respectively. In July 1987, mercury concentrations in the liver of both reference and contaminated fish increased significantly, possibly the result of greater uptake of the metal through increased feeding or changes in the mercury level of selected prey items. Rock bass collected from the two sites in July also had significantly different levels of liver glutathione: reference fish exhibited an elevation and contaminated fish a depression. When fish from the two sampling stations received a 96-hr exposure to 150 µg HgCl2 in the laboratory, both groups exhibited elevated liver mercury and decreased liver glutathione. Mercury levels in the gall bladders of the exposed fish were also elevated, suggesting that glutathione may have been lost through excretion with the metal in the bile. On the whole, physiological differences between the two groups of rock bass were limited, indicating that exposure to the mercury is not having a significant impact on the rock bass from the contaminated area. This is further supported by field examination of the fish and comparison of condition indices from rock bass previously taken from the same two stations. Those factors which significantly altered the physiology of the rock bass were unique to certain times of the year, indicating that the most appropriate sampling approach in future studies is one which examines a number of variables over a range of environmental conditions.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 5 (1996), S. 1085-1094 
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: technological and environmental discontinuity ; exotic species ; zebra mussel ; Aslan clam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This discussion focuses on discontinuities in both natural and technological systems caused by the introduction of exotic species into areas which they would not have been able to reach without human assistance or other alterations to native communities. The case histories of both the Asian clam and the zebra mussel are particularly instructive because of their recent introductions and the dramatic impact they have had on both natural and technological systems. Control of these mollusc species in technological systems (e.g. water intake systems) is effective to a degree but requires constant attention and utilization of resources. If control is neglected there could be extremely serious consequences. At present, no inexpensive means exist for controlling their effects, and further geographical distribution in North America is highly probable. The mollusc case histories do not appear to be linear and, in some instances, may not be continuous. Some importations of exotic species were deliberate (such as the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar), but their escape into natural systems has often been ‘accidental’ or, a less charitable person might say, careless. A viable strategy for coping with discontinuities is elusive. Discontinuities will, undoubtedly, have a major effect on the possibility of sustainable use of the planet or, to use the currently popular term, sustainable development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: nucleus ; gene expression ; cell growth ; osteoblast ; nucleosome ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: During the past several years it has become increasingly evident that the three-dimensional organization of the nucleus plays a critical role in transcriptional control. The principal theme of this prospect will be the contribution of nuclear structure to the regulation of gene expression as functionally related to development and maintenance of the osteoblast phenotype during establishment of bone tissue-like organization. The contributions of nuclear structure as it regulates and is regulated by the progressive developmental expression of cell growth and bone cell related genes will be examined. We will consider signalling mechanisms that integrate the complex and interdependent responsiveness to physiological mediators of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The focus will be on the involvement of the nuclear matrix, chromatin structure, and nucleosome organization in transcriptional control of cell growth and bone cell related genes. Findings are presented which are consistent with involvement of nuclear structure in gene regulatory mechanisms which support osteoblast differentiation by addressing four principal questions: (1) Does the representation of nuclear matrix proteins reflect the developmental stage-specific requirements for modifications in transcription during osteoblast differentiation? (2) Are developmental stage-specific transcription factors components of nuclear matrix proteins? (3) Can the nuclear matrix facilitate interrelationships between physiological regulatory signals that control transcription and the integration of activities of multiple promoter regulatory elements? (4) Are alterations in gene expression and cell phenotypic properties in transformed osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells reflected by modifications in nuclear matrix proteins? There is a striking representation of nuclear matrix proteins unique to cells, tissues as well as developmental stages of differentiation, and tissue organization. Together with selective association of regulatory molecules with the nuclear matrix in a growth and differentiation-specific manner, there is a potential for application of nuclear matrix proteins in tumor diagnosis, assessment of tumor progression, and prognosis of therapies where properties of the transformed state of cells is modified. It is realistic to consider the utilization of nuclear matrix proteins for targeting regions of cell nuclei and specific genomic domains on the basis of developmental phenotypic properties or tissue pathology. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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