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  • 1
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    Environmental change and Antarctic seabird populations (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-31
    Description: Recent changes in Antarctic seabird populations may reflect direct and indirect responses to regional climate change. The best long-term data for high-latitude Antarctic seabirds (Adelie and Emperor penguins and snow petrels) indicate that winter sea-ice has a profound influence. However, some effects are inconsistent between species and areas, some in opposite directions at different stages of breeding and life cycles, and others remain paradoxical. The combination of recent harvest driven changes and those caused by global warming may produce rapid shifts rather than gradual changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Croxall, J P -- Trathan, P N -- Murphy, E J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 30;297(5586):1510-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK. j.croxall@bas.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12202819" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Birds ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Forecasting ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Marine protected areas: Settle discord over the Southern Ocean (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trathan, Philip N -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 13;492(7428):186. doi: 10.1038/492186b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Fisheries ; *Oceans and Seas
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Female fur seals show active choice for males that are heterozygous and unrelated (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 445 (2007), S. 912-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Much debate surrounds the exact rules that influence mating behaviour, and in particular the selective forces that explain the evolution of female preferences. A key example is the lek paradox, in which female choice is expected rapidly to become ineffective owing to loss of additive genetic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05558
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Krill biomass in the Atlantic (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 373 (1995), S. 201-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Acoustic target strength (TS)1 is an important parameter when using acoustic survey data to estimate the abundance of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana). Recently, when the TS of krill was reassessed2,3, it emerged that the previous values had been too high, leading to unrealistically ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/373201b0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of Antarctic penguin populations in relation to inter-annual variability in sea ice distribution (1996)
    Springer
    Polar biology 16 (1996), S. 321-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  To investigate the role of sea ice cover on penguin populations we used principal component analysis to compare population variables of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) penguins breeding on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands with local (from direct observations) and regional (from remote sensing data) sea ice variables. Throughout the study period, the Adélie penguin population size remained stable, whereas that of chinstrap penguins decreased slightly. For neither species were there significant relationships between population size and breeding success, except for an apparent inverse density-dependent relationship between the number of Adélie breeding pairs and the number of eggs hatching. For both species, no general relationship was found between either population size or breeding success and the local sea ice conditions. However, the regional sea ice extent at a particular time prior to the start of the breeding season was related to the number of birds that arrived to breed. For both species, this period occurred before the sea ice reached its maximum extent and was slightly earlier for Adélie than for chinstrap penguins. These results suggest that sea ice conditions outside the breeding season may play an important role in penguin population processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050059
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of antarctic penguin populations in relation to inter-annual variability in sea ice distribution (1996)
    Springer
    Polar biology 16 (1996), S. 321-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the role of sea ice cover on penguin populations we used principal component analysis to compare population variables of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) penguins breeding on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands with local (from direct observations) and regional (from remote sensing data) sea ice variables. Throughout the study period, the Adélie penguin population size remained stable, whereas that of chinstrap penguins decreased slightly. For neither species were there significant relationships between population size and breeding success, except for an apparent inverse density-dependent relationship between the number of Adélie breeding pairs and the number of eggs hatching. For both species, no general relationship was found between either population size or breeding success and the local sea ice conditions. However, the regional sea ice extent at a particular time prior to the start of the breeding season was related to the number of birds that arrived to breed. For both species, this period occurred before the sea ice reached its maximum extent and was slightly earlier for Adélie than for chinstrap penguins. These results suggest that sea ice conditions outside the breeding season may play an important role in penguin population processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342178
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  • 7
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    Interannual variability in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) density at South Georgia, Southern Ocean: 1997-2013 (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-18
    Description: Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba ) are a key species in Southern Ocean ecosystems, maintaining very large numbers of predators, and fluctuations in their abundance can affect the overall structure and functioning of the ecosystems. The interannual variability in the abundance and biomass of krill was examined using a 17-year time-series of acoustic observations undertaken in the Western Core Box (WCB) survey area to the northwest of South Georgia, Southern Ocean. Krill targets were identified in acoustic data using a multifrequency identification window and converted to krill density using the Stochastic Distorted-Wave Born Approximation target strength model. Krill density ranged over several orders of magnitude (0–10 000 g m –2 ) and its distribution was highly skewed with many zero observations. Within each survey, the mean krill density was significantly correlated with the top 7% of the maximum krill densities observed. Hence, only the densest krill swarms detected in any one year drove the mean krill density estimates for the WCB in that year. WCB krill density ( µ , mean density for the area) showed several years (1997/1998, 2001–2003, 2005–2007) of high values ( µ 〉 30 g m –2 ) interspersed with years (1999/2000, 2004, 2009/2010) of low density ( µ 〈 30 g m –2 ). This pattern showed three different periods, with fluctuations every 4–5 years. Cross correlation analyses of variability in krill density with current and lagged indices of ocean (sea surface temperature, SST and El Niño /Southern Oscillation) and atmospheric variability (Southern Annular Mode) found the highest correlation between krill density and winter SST (August SST) from the preceding year. A quadratic regression ( r 2 = 0.42, p 〈 0.05) provides a potentially valuable index for forecasting change in this ecosystem.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Environmental correlates of Antarctic krill distribution in the Scotia Sea and southern Drake Passage (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-08
    Description: Antarctic krill is a key prey species for many vertebrate and invertebrate predators in the Southern Ocean; it is also an abundant fishery resource in the Scotia Sea and southern Drake Passage. Here, we identify environmental correlates of krill distribution utilizing acoustic data collected during an extensive international survey in January 2000. Separate models (at scales of 10–80 nautical miles) were derived for the full study area and for each of four subregions: northern and southern shelf waters, the seasonally ice-covered open ocean, and the generally ice-free open ocean. Krill distribution was strongly correlated with bathymetry; densities were higher over island shelves and shelf breaks and decreased with increasing distance offshore. Low krill densities occurred in areas of low chlorophyll concentration and high geostrophic velocity. Krill distribution was also related to sea level anomaly but relationships were not consistent between subregions. The models explained a maximum of 44% of the observed deviance in krill density, but did not reliably identify areas of high krill density in the open ocean, and explained a small proportion of the deviance (16%) in offshore areas covered seasonally by sea ice, probably because of the strong, residual influence of retreated ice. The commercial krill fishery is currently concentrated in shelf areas, where high densities of krill are most predictable. As krill are not predictable in the open ocean, the fishery is likely to remain principally a near-shore operation, and should be managed accordingly.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Feeding strategies and diets of breeding grey-headed and wandering albatrosses at South Georgia (2003)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Dynamics of antarctic penguin populations in relation to inter-annual variability in sea ice distribution (1996)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0722-4060
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2056
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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