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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Movements and habitat use by Atlantic salmon parr in Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick, were studied using Passive Integrated Transponder technology. The fish were tagged in the summer of 1999, and a portable reading system was used to collect data on individual positions within a riffle-pool sequence in the early winter of 1999. Two major freezing events occurred on November 11–12 (Ice 1) and November 18–19 (Ice 2) that generated significant accumulations of anchor ice in the riffle.2. Individually tagged parr (fork length 8.4–12.6 cm, n = 15) were tracked from 8 to 24 November 1999. Over this period, emigration (40%) was higher from the pool than from the riffle. Of the nine parr that were consistently located, seven parr moved 〈5 m up- or downstream, and two parr moved more than 10 m (maximum 23 m). Parr moved significantly more by night than by day, and diel habitat shifts were more pronounced in the pool with some of the fish moving closer to the bank at night.3. During Ice 2, there was relatively little movement by most of the parr in the riffle beneath anchor ice up to 10 cm in thickness. Water temperature was 0.16 °C above the freezing point beneath anchor ice, suggesting the existence of suitable habitats where salmon parr can avoid supercooling conditions and where they can have access to low velocity shelters. To our knowledge, these are the first data on habitat use by Atlantic salmon parr under anchor ice.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 161 (1994), S. 597-630 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The chiral operator-algebra of the quantum-group-covariant operators (of vertex type) is completely worked out by making use of the operator-approach suggested by the Liouville theory, where the quantum-group symmetry is explicit. This completes earlier articles along the same line. The relationship between the quantum-group-invariant (of IRF type) and quantum-group-covariant (of vertex type) chiral operator-algebras is fully clarified, and connected with the transition to the shadow world for quantum-group symbols. The corresponding 3-j symbol dressing is shown to reduce to the simpler transformation of Babelon and one of the authors (J.-L. G.) in a suitable infinite limit defined by analytic continuation. The above two types of operators are found to coincide when applied to states with Liouville momenta going to ∞ in a suitable way. The introduction of quantum-group-covariant operators in the three dimensional picture gives a generalization of the quantum-group version of discrete three-dimensional gravity that includes tetrahedra associated with 3-j symbols and universalR-matrix elements. Altogether the present work and a previous parallel article gives the concrete realization of Moore and Seiberg's scheme that describes the chiral operator-algebra of two-dimensional gravity and minimal models.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 71 (1994), S. 193-199 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: ecdysone biosynthesis ; suicide substrate type inhibitors ; Locusta migratoria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans le but d'inhiber la biosynthèse de l'ecdysone au cours du développement chez l'Insecte, plus de 50 molécules ont été synthétisées selon la conception des substrats-suicides. Deux enzymes des dernières étapes de la biosynthèse de l'ecdysone, parfaitement connues, les C-22 et C-25 hydroxylases, qui sont des monooxygénases à cytochrome P-450, ont été choisies pour cibles. A partir d'une molécule de base présentant à la fois un bon pouvoir inhibiteur et des caractéristiques d'activité de type substrat-suicide, c'està-dire irréversibilité de l'action, spécificité de l'inhibition et sélectivité sur l'enzyme visé, de nombreuses modifications ont été introduites. Elles ont concernés notamment la longueur de la chaîne latérale, la nature et la position du groupement inhibiteur, la position du ou des groupements hydroxyles et la nature du noyau stéroïde. Des divers résultats obtenus, il est possible de conclure que les meilleurs inhibiteurs, qui diminuent significativement la production d'ecdysone des glandes prothoraciques incubéesin vitro, sont composés d'une chaîne latérale courte à groupement inhibiteur alcyne ou allénique dans le voisinage d'un groupement hydroxyle et d'un noyau stéroîde qui peut-être, indifféremment, de type cholestérol, 7-déshydrocholestérol, 3-déshydrocholestérol ou porter un cycle B saturé. On peut noter que les noyaux qui se rapprochent le plus de celui des ecdystéroîdes diminuent ou empêchentl' activité. Malheureusement, jusqu'à présent, ces molécules injectéesin vivo chez des larves deLocusta migratoria n'ont qu'une action réduite: elles ne produisent, dans les meilleurs cas, que de rares retards de métamorphose et quelques modifications morphologiques chez les adultes.
    Notes: Abstract For fundamental studies as well as applied research, we have set up a programme for the synthesis of irreversible and selective inhibitors of ecdysone biosynthesis. Suicide substrate type inhibitors have been synthesized in order to react in the last steps of ecdysone biosynthesis on C-22 and C-25 hydroxylases which are cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases. The most active inhibitors are formed of a steroid nucleus on which a short side chain, with an acetylenic or an allenic function closely linked to an hydroxyl group, has been grafted. The exact form of the steroid nucleus (as in cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, 3-dehydrocholesterol or a molecule with a saturated B cycle) did not appear essential for the activity of the chemicals. These molecules injectedin vivo in larvae ofLocusta migratoria induced some morphological modifications of the adults and a very slight delay in metamorphosis.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: salmonid fish ; early life ; habitat shift ; predation risk ; foraging behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Age-0 brown trout, Salmo trutta, inhabit shallow and slow-flowing habitats where they can easily maintain stationary swimming positions. However, recent results have shown that they use deeper and faster habitats during daylight than at night, suggesting the occurrence of a nocturnal movement toward stream-margin habitats. Experiments were conducted to describe precisely when this diel pattern of habitat use appears during ontogeny. In two indoor channels, free-embryo brown trout were deposited under the gravel. When emerging, alevins were free to choose between margin (2 cm deep, 0-2 cm s-1) or deep habitat (12 cm, 2-4 cm s-1), or to leave the channel (upstream or downstream). During the week of emergence, upstream and downstream catches, fish habitat use (deep habitat or margin), and fish behavior (resting or swimming) were measured by direct observations and trap counts. Three treatments were performed: (1) fish artificially fed on drifting invertebrates, (2) fish exposed to predators (bullhead, Cottus gobio), and (3) control channels (no food, no predator). In control and food channels, a diel pattern of habitat use was observed 1-2 days after the emergence started. Most fish rested in the margin at night, whereas they moved towards the deep habitat during daylight to hold stationary swimming positions. In the presence of bullhead, most trout were cryptic, and visible fish stood in the margin during both daylight and at night. The importance of predation risk and foraging behavior on the ontogeny of the diel pattern of habitat use is discussed. Results support the direct development without larva from free-embryo via alevin in brown trout.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The 1H n.m.r. spectra of some derivatives of 4-methyl (or 4-phenyl) 1,3,2-dioxa- and 1,3,2-dithiaphospholanes are analysed. The configurational study of the compounds has been investigated. The torsional angle of the C4—C5 fragment is calculated and the ring conformation in solution is discussed.
    Notes: Les spectres de RMN du proton d'une série de dérivés des méthyl-4 (ou phényl-4) dioxa- et dithiaphospholanes-1,3,2 sont analysés. La configuration de ces composés est précisée. L'angle de torsion de la liaison C4—C5 est calculée et la conformation du cycle à l'état dissous est proposée.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The PMR spectra of the title 1,3,2-oxazaphospholane derivatives present an ABKLX pattern. The subspectral analysis of such a system shows that there are eight solutions. INDOR experiments permit the establishment of the energy diagram and the selection of the correct solution.
    Notes: Les dérivés de l'oxazaphospholane-1,3,3 du titre donnent des spectres de RMP du type ABKLX. L'analyse sous-spectrale d'un tel système montre qu'on a le choix entre huit solutions. Des expériences d'INDOR permettent d'établir le diagramme d'énergie et de choisir la bonne soultion.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The interpretation in terms of conformational analysis of 1H n.m.r. parameters of 1-phenyl-2,8-dioxa-5-aza-1-phosphav bicyclo[3.3.0]octane is consistent with a rigid envelope conformation for each 5-membered ring and a planar nitrogen atom. In the case of 1,6-dioxa-4,9-diaza-5-phosphavspiro[4.4]nonane, the same procedure shows librational motions around the C—C bond.
    Notes: L'interprétation, en termes d'analyse conformationnelle, des paramètres de RMN 1H obtenus pour le phényl-l dioxa-2,8 aza-5 phosphav-1 bicyclo[3.3.0]octane, conduit à proposer pour chacun des cycles pentagonaux une forme enveloppe bloquée, l'atome d'azote étant plan. La même analyse appliquée au dioxa-1,6 diaza-4,9 phosphav-5 spiro[4.4]nonane, montre que le cycle oxazaphospholane est le siège de mouvements de libration autour de la liaison C—C.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of various factors (temperature, nature and concentration of solvent) or the utilisation of various physical methods (tickling or INDOR experiments, for example) are employed to analyse the PMR spectra of some 5-monosubstituted or 4,5-disubstituted 1,3,2-oxazaphospholane derivatives.
    Notes: L'influence de différents facteurs (température, nature et concentration du solvant) ou l'utilisation de différentes techniques de double irradiation (par exemple, tickling ou INDOR) est mise à profit pour analyser le spectre de RMP de toute une série de dérivés de l'oxazaphospholane-1,3,2 possédant soit un substituant sur le carbone en 5, soit deux substituants sur les carbones en 4 et 5.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 24 (1989), S. 718-722 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analysis by electron impact and metastable ions (MIKE technique) of the fragmentation patterns for one acyclic and two cyclic N-phosphorylated ureas reveals for the first case an isomerization from nitrogen to the ureido oxygen atom of the phosphoryl group and subsequent fragmentation. For the other two cases, fragments result from P—N bond breaking and ring-opening. Possible involvement in the biotin-ATP activation process is discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The PMR spectra of the title 1,3,2-oxazaphospholane derivatives present an ABKLX pattern. The subspectral analysis of such a system shows that there are eight solutions. INDOR experiments permit the establishment of the energy diagram and the selection of the correct solution.
    Notes: Les dérivés de l'oxazaphospholane-1,3,3 du titre donnent des spectres de RMP du type ABKLX. L'analyse sous-spectrale d'un tel système montre qu'on a le choix entre huit solutions. Des expériences d'INDOR permettent d'établir le diagramme d'énergie et de choisir la bonne soultion.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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