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  • 1
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    Star formation and stellar mass assembly in dark matter haloes: from giants to dwarfs (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-28
    Description: The empirical model of Lu et al. is updated with recent data of galaxy stellar mass functions (SMFs). The model predicts that the slope of galaxy SMFs at z  〉 2 should be quite steep at the low-mass end, beyond the current detection limit, and it is a strong prediction that can be tested against future observations. The model is used to investigate the galaxy star formation and assembly or merger histories in detail. Most of the stars in cluster centrals, corresponding to brightest cluster galaxies in observations, formed earlier than z   2 but have been assembled much later. Typically, they have experienced 5 major mergers since their star formation was quenched. Milky Way mass galaxies have had on-going star formation without significant mergers since z   2, and are thus free of significant (classic) bulges produced by major mergers. Dwarf galaxies in haloes with M h  〈 10 11 h –1 M or M *  〈 10 9 M have experienced a star formation burst at z  〉 2, followed by a nearly constant star formation rate after z  = 1, and the stellar age decreases with stellar mass, contrary to the ‘downsizing’ trend for more massive galaxies. Major mergers are not uncommon during the early burst phase and may result in the formation of old spheroids in dwarf galaxies. We also characterize the stellar population of halo stars in different haloes.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    IRF8 is an integrator of cytokine and TCR pathways [Immunology] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-25
    Description: We recently demonstrated that differentiation of cytotoxic T cells requires cooperation between T-cell receptor (TCR)/costimulation and γc-cytokines. Here we demonstrate that the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is expressed in CD8 T cells by the combination of these two signals. More importantly, depletion of IRF8 in these cells abrogated the differentiation of naive CD8 T cells into effector cells in an experimental graft-vs.-host disease mouse model. We also show that IRF8 seems to not operate upstream of other critical factors such as T-bet and eomesodermin, which have been implicated in effector maturation. Collectively, our work shows that IRF8 integrates the TCR/costimulation and γc-cytokine–signaling pathways and mediates the transition of naive CD8 T cells to effector cells, thus identifying IRF8 as one of the molecular regulators of CD8 T-cell differentiation.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Stable L5 and L11 ribosomal proteins activate p53 [Cell Biology] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-12
    Description: Impairment of ribosomal biogenesis can activate the p53 protein independently of DNA damage. The ability of ribosomal proteins L5, L11, L23, L26, or S7 to bind Mdm2 and inhibit its ubiquitin ligase activity has been suggested as a critical step in p53 activation under these conditions. Here, we report that...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    The way to a double degenerate: ~15-20 per cent of 1 M{odot} 1 M{odot} companion (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-09
    Description: We find that ~15–20 per cent of A-type stars or red giants are bound with a massive companion ( M secondary  〉 1 M ) in an intermediate wide orbit (0.5 〈  P  〈 5000 yr). These massive binaries are expected to form wide-orbit, double-degenerate systems (WODDs) within 10 Gyr implying that ~10 per cent of white dwarfs (WDs) are expected to be part of a WODD with a lighter WD companion. These findings are based on an analysis of previous adaptive optics observations of A-type stars and radial velocity measurements of red giants and shed light on the connection between multiplicity function of stars and detected double degenerates. We expect that Gaia will find ~10 new WODDs within 20 pc from the sun. These results put a stringent constraint on the collision model of Type Ia supernovae in which triple stellar systems that include a WODD as the inner binary are required to be abundant.
    Print ISSN: 1745-3925
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-3933
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    High-fat diet enhances stemness and tumorigenicity of intestinal progenitors (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-05
    Description: Little is known about how pro-obesity diets regulate tissue stem and progenitor cell function. Here we show that high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity augments the numbers and function of Lgr5(+) intestinal stem cells of the mammalian intestine. Mechanistically, a HFD induces a robust peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR-delta) signature in intestinal stem cells and progenitor cells (non-intestinal stem cells), and pharmacological activation of PPAR-delta recapitulates the effects of a HFD on these cells. Like a HFD, ex vivo treatment of intestinal organoid cultures with fatty acid constituents of the HFD enhances the self-renewal potential of these organoid bodies in a PPAR-delta-dependent manner. Notably, HFD- and agonist-activated PPAR-delta signalling endow organoid-initiating capacity to progenitors, and enforced PPAR-delta signalling permits these progenitors to form in vivo tumours after loss of the tumour suppressor Apc. These findings highlight how diet-modulated PPAR-delta activation alters not only the function of intestinal stem and progenitor cells, but also their capacity to initiate tumours.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4846772/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4846772/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beyaz, Semir -- Mana, Miyeko D -- Roper, Jatin -- Kedrin, Dmitriy -- Saadatpour, Assieh -- Hong, Sue-Jean -- Bauer-Rowe, Khristian E -- Xifaras, Michael E -- Akkad, Adam -- Arias, Erika -- Pinello, Luca -- Katz, Yarden -- Shinagare, Shweta -- Abu-Remaileh, Monther -- Mihaylova, Maria M -- Lamming, Dudley W -- Dogum, Rizkullah -- Guo, Guoji -- Bell, George W -- Selig, Martin -- Nielsen, G Petur -- Gupta, Nitin -- Ferrone, Cristina R -- Deshpande, Vikram -- Yuan, Guo-Cheng -- Orkin, Stuart H -- Sabatini, David M -- Yilmaz, Omer H -- AI47389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK043351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA198002/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K99 AG041765/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- K99 AG045144/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA14051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R00 AG041765/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R00 AG045144/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA103866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI047389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32DK007191/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 3;531(7592):53-8. doi: 10.1038/nature17173.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Division of Gastroenterology and Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. ; Departments of Pathology, Gastroenterology, and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA. ; Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Missisippi 39216, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26935695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Count ; Cell Self Renewal/drug effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects ; Colonic Neoplasms/*pathology ; Diet, High-Fat/*adverse effects ; Female ; Genes, APC ; Humans ; Intestines/*pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Obesity/chemically induced/pathology ; Organoids/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; PPAR delta/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Stem Cell Niche/drug effects ; Stem Cells/*drug effects/metabolism/*pathology ; beta Catenin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Theoretical and experimental study of resonance of blobs in porous media (2012)
    Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-25
    Description: We theoretically and experimentally investigated the frequency response of blobs in porous media to an oscillatory pressure difference. (The term blob refers to a connected liquid mass that occupies one or more pores.) To predict the frequency response analytically, we formulated a simple model pore system consisting of a blob in a capillary tube. This model accounts for the frequency-dependent viscous pressure drops in the blob and the surrounding liquid and for the dynamic capillary pressure that occurs due to contact line pinning. By using the planar laser-induced fluorescence technique, we visualized the dynamic response of blobs in porous media. As predicted by our theory, air and liquid blobs surrounded by an immiscible liquid exhibited resonance in a capillary tube. Furthermore, we showed, for the first time, that a liquid blob in a sphere-packing medium exhibits resonance.
    Print ISSN: 0016-8033
    Electronic ISSN: 1942-2156
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
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  • 7
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    An empirical model for the star formation history in dark matter haloes (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-09
    Description: We develop an empirical approach to infer the star formation rate in dark matter haloes from the galaxy stellar mass function (SMF) at different redshifts and the local cluster galaxy luminosity function (CGLF), which has a steeper faint end relative to the SMF of local galaxies. As satellites are typically old galaxies which have been accreted earlier, this feature can cast important constraint on the formation of low-mass galaxies at high redshift. The evolution of the SMFs suggests the star formation in high-mass haloes (〉10 12 h –1 M ) has to be boosted at high redshift beyond what is expected from a simple scaling of the dynamical time. The faint end of the CGLF implies a characteristic redshift z c   2 above which the star formation rate in low-mass haloes with masses 〈10 11 h –1 M must be enhanced relative to that at lower z . This is not directly expected from the standard stellar feedback models. Also, this enhancement leads to some interesting predictions, for instance, a significant old stellar population in present-day dwarf galaxies with M * ≤ 10 8 h –2 M and steep slopes of high-redshift stellar mass and star formation rate functions.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Geochemical Processes During Managed Aquifer Recharge With Desalinated Seawater (2018)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-26
    Description: We study geochemical processes along the variably-saturated zone during managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with reverse-osmosis desalinated seawater (DSW). The DSW, post-treated at the desalination plant by calcite dissolution (remineralization) to meet the Israeli water quality standards, is recharged into the Israeli Coastal Aquifer through an infiltration pond. Water quality monitoring during two MAR events using suction cups and wells inside the pond, indicates that cation exchange is the dominant subsurface reaction, driven by the high Ca 2+ concentration in the post-treated DSW. Stable isotope analysis shows that the shallow groundwater composition is similar to the recharged DSW, except for enrichment of Mg 2+ , Na + , Ca 2+ and HCO 3 - . A calibrated variably-saturated reactive transport model is used to predict the geochemical evolution during 50 years of MAR for two water quality scenarios: (i) post-treated DSW (current practice); and (ii) soft DSW (lacking the remineralization post-treatment process). The latter scenario was aimed to test soil-aquifer-treatment (SAT) as an alternative post-treatment technique. Both scenarios provide an enrichment of ∼2.5 mg L −1 in Mg 2+ due to cation-exchange, compared to practically zero Mg 2+ currently found in the Israeli DSW. Simulations of the alternative SAT scenario provide Ca 2+ and HCO 3 - remineralization due to calcite dissolution at levels that meet the Israeli standard for DSW. The simulated calcite content reduction in the sediments below the infiltration pond after 50 years of MAR was low (〈1%). Our findings suggest that remineralization using SAT for DSW is a potentially sustainable practice at MAR sites overlying calcareous sandy aquifers.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    The Msi Family of RNA-Binding Proteins Function Redundantly as Intestinal Oncoproteins (2015)
    Cell Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-01
    Electronic ISSN: 2211-1247
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Cell Press
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  • 10
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    Giant Quasi-Ring Mantle Structure in the African–Arabian Junction: Results Derived from the Geological–Geophysical Data Integration (2021)
    In:  Geotectonics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: The tectonic–geodynamic characteristics of the North African–Arabian region are complicated by the interaction of numerous factors. To study this interaction, we primarily used satellite gravimetric data (retracked to the Earth’s surface), which has been acknowledged as a powerful tool for tectonic–geodynamic zoning. The applied polynomial averaging of gravity data indicated the presence of a giant, deep quasi-ring structure in the Eastern Mediterranean, the center of which is located under the island of Cyprus. Simultaneously, the geometrical center of the revealed structure coincides with the Earth’s critical latitude of 35°. A quantitative analysis of the obtained gravitational anomaly made it possible to estimate the depth of the upper edge of the anomalous body as 1650‒1700 km. The GPS vector map coinciding with the gravitational trend indicates counterclockwise rotation of this structure. A review of paleomagnetic data on the projection of the discovered structure into the Earth’s surface also confirms its counterclockwise rotation. Analysis of the geoid anomalies map and seismic tomography data commonly prove the presence of this deep anomaly. The structural and geodynamic characteristics of the region and paleobiogeographic data are consistent with the proposed physical–geological model. Comprehensive analysis of petrological, mineralogical, and tectonic data suggests a relationship between the discovered deep structure and the near-surface processes. The deep structure also sheds light on specific anomalous effects in the upper layer of the crust, including the high-intensity Cyprus gravitational anomaly, counterclockwise rotation of the Mesozoic terrane belt, configuration of the Sinai Plate, and asymmetry of sedimentary basins along continental faults.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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