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  • 1
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    Invited Review Article: Review of post-process optical form metrology for industrial-grade metal additive manufactured parts (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Description: The scope of this review is to investigate the main post-process optical form measurement technologies available in industry today and to determine whether they are applicable to industrial-grade metal additive manufactured parts. An in-depth review of the operation of optical three-dimensional form measurement technologies applicable to metal additive manufacturing is presented, with a focus on their fundamental limitations. Looking into the future, some alternative candidate measurement technologies potentially applicable to metal additive manufacturing will be discussed, which either provide higher accuracy than currently available techniques but lack measurement volume, or inversely, which operate in the appropriate measurement volume but are not currently accurate enough to be used for industrial measurement.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    Genetic mapping in real time [Genetics] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-04
    Description: With the wide availability of massively parallel sequencing technologies, genetic mapping has become the rate limiting step in mammalian forward genetics. Here we introduce a method for real-time identification of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutations that cause phenotypes in mice. All mutations are identified by whole exome G1 progenitor sequencing and their zygosity...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    DNA tandem repeat instability in the Escherichia coli chromosome is stimulated by mismatch repair at an adjacent CAG{middle dot}CTG trinucleotide repeat [Genetics] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-04
    Description: Approximately half the human genome is composed of repetitive DNA sequences classified into microsatellites, minisatellites, tandem repeats, and dispersed repeats. These repetitive sequences have coevolved within the genome but little is known about their potential interactions. Trinucleotide repeats (TNRs) are a subclass of microsatellites that are implicated in human disease. Expansion of CAG·CTG TNRs is responsible for Huntington disease, myotonic dystrophy, and a number of spinocerebellar ataxias. In yeast DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation has been proposed to be associated with instability and chromosome fragility at these sites and replication fork reversal (RFR) to be involved either in promoting or in preventing instability. However, the molecular basis for chromosome fragility of repetitive DNA remains poorly understood. Here we show that a CAG·CTG TNR array stimulates instability at a 275-bp tandem repeat located 6.3 kb away on the Escherichia coli chromosome. Remarkably, this stimulation is independent of both DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR) and RFR but is dependent on a functional mismatch repair (MMR) system. Our results provide a demonstration, in a simple model system, that MMR at one type of repetitive DNA has the potential to influence the stability of another. Furthermore, the mechanism of this stimulation places a limit on the universality of DSBR or RFR models of instability and chromosome fragility at CAG·CTG TNR sequences. Instead, our data suggest that explanations of chromosome fragility should encompass the possibility of chromosome gaps formed during MMR.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Crystal structures of the M1 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-10
    Description: Muscarinic M1-M5 acetylcholine receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that regulate many vital functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. In particular, the M1 and M4 receptor subtypes have emerged as attractive drug targets for treatments of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, but the high conservation of the acetylcholine-binding pocket has spurred current research into targeting allosteric sites on these receptors. Here we report the crystal structures of the M1 and M4 muscarinic receptors bound to the inverse agonist, tiotropium. Comparison of these structures with each other, as well as with the previously reported M2 and M3 receptor structures, reveals differences in the orthosteric and allosteric binding sites that contribute to a role in drug selectivity at this important receptor family. We also report identification of a cluster of residues that form a network linking the orthosteric and allosteric sites of the M4 receptor, which provides new insight into how allosteric modulation may be transmitted between the two spatially distinct domains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thal, David M -- Sun, Bingfa -- Feng, Dan -- Nawaratne, Vindhya -- Leach, Katie -- Felder, Christian C -- Bures, Mark G -- Evans, David A -- Weis, William I -- Bachhawat, Priti -- Kobilka, Tong Sun -- Sexton, Patrick M -- Kobilka, Brian K -- Christopoulos, Arthur -- U19 GM106990/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 17;531(7594):335-40. doi: 10.1038/nature17188. Epub 2016 Mar 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia. ; ConfometRx, 3070 Kenneth Street, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA. ; Neuroscience, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA. ; Computational Chemistry and Chemoinformatics, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA. ; Computational Chemistry and Chemoinformatics, Eli Lilly, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham GU20 6PH, UK. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26958838" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation/drug effects ; Allosteric Site/drug effects ; Alzheimer Disease ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Inverse Agonism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Nicotinic Acids/metabolism/pharmacology ; Receptor, Muscarinic M1/*chemistry/metabolism ; Receptor, Muscarinic M4/*chemistry/metabolism ; Schizophrenia ; Static Electricity ; Substrate Specificity ; Surface Properties ; Thiophenes/metabolism/pharmacology ; Tiotropium Bromide/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear lipid metabolism in NEST: Nuclear envelope signal transduction (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 142 (1994), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Nuclear lipid metabolism ; Signal transduction ; Diglycerides ; Phosphoinositides ; Arachidonic acid ; Hydrolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary There is increasing evidence that nuclear lipid metabolism in NEST is an important new component in signal transducing networks and as a result, this metabolism is beginning to attract more attention. While agonistinduced nuclear lipid metabolism adds further complexity to the ever increasing array of signal transduction components, it also provides further avenues by which nuclear activities may be regulated. Identification of the coupling mechanisms, regulation, and physiological roles of nuclear lipid metabolism represents a new and exciting area of research which will have a broad impact in our understanding of signal transduction pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233378
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron Spin Resonance Investigations of Allium cepa , and Calliphora vomitoria (1959)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 184 (1959), S. 1402-1403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Seeds of the onion, Allium cepa cooled to 90 K. gave a strong electron spin resonance signal to a carrier wave of 9,000 Mc./s. and a magnetic field of 3,000 gauss (Fig. la). The seeds were then hydrated and allowed to germinate, the signal strength being tested by serial samples taken at specific ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1841402a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Temperature on the Concentration of Free Radicals in Melanins from Allium cepa (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 190 (1961), S. 1005-1006 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. Variation with temperature of free radical concentrations in onion seeds Fig. 2. Bate of decay in liquid oxygen (seeds heated to 100 C.) Batches of 10 similar seeds were kept at a specified temperature for 15 min. and then placed in the liquid oxygen-surrounded cavity of a microwave ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1901005a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of a foliar spray containing phosphorus and zinc on the development, composition and yield of forage maize (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Forage maize grown in areas where spring temperatures are low and accumulated heat is limited will be restricted in terms of maturity and thus nutritional value. A stagnant growth phase is commonly caused by low temperatures between germination and the five-leaf stage, which could be caused by reduced mineral availability. The effects on maize plant development and harvest characteristics of supplying phosphorus and zinc to young plants in a foliar spray were investigated. Three different application dates, between the four-leaf and the seven-leaf stage, were compared. Applying the phosphorus and zinc foliar spray at the four-leaf stage resulted in a significant (P 〈 0·05) increase in starch content at harvest. Cob index [proportion of plant dry matter (DM) in the cob] was increased (P 〈 0·05) by applying the nutrient spray at the four-, five- and seven-leaf stages. However, there was no effect on DM yield, suggesting some alteration in partitioning within the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2001.00273.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Roughness of molecularly thin perfluoropolyether polymer films (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 3296-3298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray reflectivity has been used to measure the roughness of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) polymer films on silicon substrates and carbon overcoats. For PFPE on smooth silicon, we find that the rms roughness of the PFPE–air interface increases slowly from about 2 to 4 Å as PFPE thickness increases from 5 to 33 Å. This increase is consistent with capillary waves roughening the polymer film, but inconsistent with current theories for the dewetting of polymer films. For PFPE on the rougher surface of amorphous hydrogenated carbon, we find that the PFPE polymer smoothes the surface with the rms roughness decreasing from 9 to 4 Å. We also discuss the implications of these results on the limits of disk drive technology. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1326484
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A protein kinase C-like activity in Escherichia coli (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The protein kinase C (PKC) family comprises calcium- and phospholipid-dependent kinases whose activity is stimulated by diacylglycerol and tumour-promoting phorbol esters such as 12-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, functional similarity to PKC was demonstrated in crude extracts by calcium and phospholipid-dependent, TPA-stimulated phosphorylation of a small number of endogenous substrates. Activity was reduced by sphingosine, a known inhibitor of eukaryotic PKC. Structural similarity to PKC was demonstrated in crude and partially purified bacterial extracts by cross-reactivity with several monoclonal antibodies. This revealed isozyme-specific homology between a protein(s) of relative molecular mass 80–85000 in E. coli and the α-and γ-isozymes, but probably not the β-isozyme, of eukaryotic PKC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01857.x
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