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  • 1
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    Relative excitation of surface waves by earthquakes and underground explosions (1969)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 4, vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 1575-1590, pp. 2027, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1969
    Keywords: Seismology ; Nuclear explosion ; Surface waves ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Excitation of surface waves by the underground nuclear explosion Long Shot (1966)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 4, vol. 71, no. 18 , pp. 4333-4339, pp. 2027, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1966
    Keywords: Seismology ; Nuclear explosion ; Surface waves ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Geodynamics of Lithosphere and Earth's Mantle. Seismic Anisotropy as a Record of Past and Present Tectonic Dynamic Processes (1998)
    Birkhäuser
    In:  Basel, 516 pp., Birkhäuser, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (1-4020-4233-7 (hc), 1-4020-4234-5 (sc), X + 413 p.)
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    Publication Date: 1998
    Keywords: Seismology ; Anisotropy ; GeodesyY ; Plate tectonics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Babuska
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Comparison of P-wave spectra of underground explosions and earthquakes (1971)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Reykjavík, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment, University of Iceland, vol. 76, no. 11, pp. 2716-2729, pp. L05306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1971
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Elastic moduli of wadsleyite (beta-Mg2SiO4) to 7 gigapascals and 873 kelvin (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-31
    Description: Simultaneous sound velocity measurements and x-ray diffraction studies were made on wadsleyite (beta-Mg2SiO4) to 7 gigapascals and 873 kelvin. The calculated adiabatic bulk (K) and shear (G) moduli yield K (at room conditions) = 172(2) gigapascals, dK/dP = 4.2(1), and dK/dT = -0.012(1) gigapascals per kelvin, and G (at room conditions) = 113(1) gigapascals, dG/dP = 1.5(1), and dG/dT = -0. 017(1) gigapascals per kelvin, respectively. The data imply that the P and S wave velocity contrasts between olivine and wadsleyite require an olivine amount of 38 to 39 percent in the upper mantle to satisfy the observed 410-kilometer discontinuity, but 55 to 60 percent to account for the velocity increase through the transition zone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li -- Liebermann -- Weidner -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 31;281(5377):675-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉B. Li, Center for High Pressure Research and Mineral Physics Institute, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA. R. C. Liebermann and D. J. Weidner, Center for High Pressure Research and Department of Geosciences, State.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9685255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Ultrasonic shear wave velocities of MgSiO3 perovskite at 8 GPa and 800 K and lower mantle composition (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1998-07-31
    Description: Ultrasonic interferometric measurements of the shear elastic properties of MgSiO3 perovskite were conducted on three polycrystalline specimens at conditions up to pressures of 8 gigapascals and temperatures of 800 kelvin. The acoustic measurements produced the pressure (P) and temperature (T) derivatives of the shear modulus (G), namely ( partial differentialG/ partial differentialP)T = 1.8 +/- 0.4 and ( partial differentialG/ partial differentialT)P = -2.9 +/- 0.3 x 10(-2) gigapascals per kelvin. Combining these derivatives with the derivatives that were measured for the bulk modulus and thermal expansion of MgSiO3 perovskite provided data that suggest lower mantle compositions between pyrolite and C1 carbonaceous chondrite and a lower mantle potential temperature of 1500 +/- 200 kelvin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sinelnikov -- Chen -- Neuville -- Vaughan -- Liebermann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 31;281(5377):677-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Y. D. Sinelnikov and R. C. Liebermann, Center for High Pressure Research and Department of Geosciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA. G. Chen and M. T. Vaughan, Center for High Pressure Research and.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9685256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Elasticity of single-crystal MgO to 8 gigapascals and 1600 kelvin (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1998-06-25
    Description: The cross pressure (P) and temperature (T) dependence of the elastic moduli (Cij) of single-crystal samples of periclase (MgO) from acoustic wave travel times was measured with ultrasonic interferometry: partial differential2C11/ partial differentialP partial differentialT = (-1.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-3) per kelvin; partial differential2C110/ partial differentialP partial differentialT = (1. 7 +/- 0.7) x 10(-3) per kelvin; and partial differential2C44/ partial differentialP partial differentialT = (-0.2 +/- 0.3) x 10(-3) per kelvin. The elastic anisotropy of MgO decreases with increasing pressure at ambient temperature, but then increases as temperature is increased at high pressure. An assumption of zero cross pressure and temperature derivatives for the elastic moduli underestimates the elastic anisotropy and overestimates the acoustic velocities of MgO at the extrapolated high-pressure and high-temperature conditions of Earth's mantle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen -- Liebermann -- Weidner -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1913-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉G. Chen, Center for High Pressure Research and Mineral Physics Institute, State University of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. R. C. Liebermann and D. J. Weidner, Center for High Pressure Research and Department of Geoscience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9632384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Phase Transition and Thermal Expansion of MgSiO3 Perovskite (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-01-25
    Description: Results from in situ x-ray diffraction experiments with a DIA-type cubic anvil apparatus (SAM 85) reveal that MgSiO(3) perovskite transforms from the orthorhombic Pbnm symmetry to another perovskite-type structure above 600 kelvin (K) at pressures of 7.3 gigapascals; the apparent volume increase across the transition is 0.7%. Unit-cell volume increased linearly with temperature, both below (1.44 x 10(-5) K(-1)) and above (1.55 x 10(-5) K(-1)) the transition. These results indicate that the physical properties measured on the Pbnm phase should be used with great caution because they may not be applicable to the earth's lower mantle. A density analysis based on the new data yields an iron content of 10.4 weight percent for a pyrolite composition under conditions corresponding to the lower mantle. All current equation-of-state data are compatible with constant chemical composition in the upper and lower mantle; thus, these data imply that a chemically layered mantle is unnecessary, and whole-mantle convection is possible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Y -- Weidner, D J -- Liebermann, R C -- Liu, X -- Ko, J -- Vaughan, M T -- Zhao, Y -- Yeganeh-Haeri, A -- Pacalo, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 25;251(4992):410-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17775105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Pressure Dependence of Elastic Wave Velocity for beta-Mg2SiO4 and the Composition of the Earth's Mantle (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-09
    Description: The pressure dependence of the elastic wave velocities for hot-pressed, elastically isotropic polycrystals of the beta (modified spinel) phase of magnesium orthosilicate (Mg(2)SiO(4)) has been determined at room temperature to 3 gigapascals (GPa) by ultrasonic pulse interferometry. Pressure derivatives of the bulk (dK/dP = 4.8) and shear (dG/dP = 1.7) moduli derived from the travel times of the compressional (P) and shear (S) waves clearly demonstrate that the velocity contrast between the olivine and beta phases of Mg(2)SiO(4) decreases with increasing pressure. When combined with plausible values for the (as yet unmeasured) temperature derivatives, these new data can be used to calculate the contrast in P and S wave velocities across an olivine-beta phase transformation occuaring at pressure-temperature conditions corresponding to about 400 kilometers depth in the earth. The seismologically observed contrasts DeltaV in both P and S wave velocities constrain the percentage of orthosilicate in a model mantle of uniform chemical composition for appropriate relative magnitudes of the temperature (T) derivatives of the bulk and shear moduli for the beta phase. Allowed combinations of orthosilicate content (percent), dK/dT, and dG/dT (both in gigapascals per Kelvin) for a pair of recent seismological models with DeltaV(p) = DeltaV(s) 4.6% include (65, -0.018, -0.020), (55, -0.015, -0.018), and (45, -0.012, -0.016).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gwanmesia, G D -- Rigden, S -- Jackson, I -- Liebermann, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 9;250(4982):794-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17759972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Twinning in MgSiO3 Perovskite (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-04-27
    Description: Crystals of MgSiO(3) perovskite synthesized at high pressures and temperatures have orthorhombic symmetry under ambient conditions. Examination by transmission electron microscopy shows that the microstructure of crystals synthesized at 26 gigapascals and 1600 degrees C is dominated by a large number of twin domains that are related by reflection operations with respect to {112} and {110} planes. These twins may be associated with the transformations of MgSiO(3) perovskite from the cubic to tetragonal and tetragonal to orthorhombic phases, respectively, upon decreasing pressure and temperature. These observations suggest that under the experimental synthesis conditions, and perhaps in the earth's lower mantle, the stable phase of MgSiO(3) might have the cubic perovskite structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Y -- Guyot, F -- Yeganeh-Haeri, A -- Liebermann, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 27;248(4954):468-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17815597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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