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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Wallingford : IAHS Press
    Associated volumes
    Call number: PIK N 454-09-0262
    In: Benchmark papers in hydrology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: V, 625 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 9781901502749
    Series Statement: Benchmark papers in hydrology 3
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 16 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Nepco Lake is a 494-acre impoundment in the sand plain province of central Wisconsin, an area characterized by a close relationship between ground water and surface water. A study of the ground-water flow pattern and ground-water quality in the vicinity of Nepco Lake was conducted for an 11-month period from June 1976 to April 1977.The ground-water flow system around Nepco Lake is different from systems for natural lakes previously reported in the literature, in that there are no strong vertical head gradients in the nearshore areas. This phenomenon may be typical for impounded lakes. Other aspects of the study included a survey of the water quality within the watershed and the calculation of water budgets for the lake. Variations in water quality can be related to changes in the texture of the aquifer or the nature of the flow system or both. Water budget calculations indicate that direct ground-water discharge into the lake is relatively small compared to surface-water contributions. Nevertheless, ground water in the Nepco Lake Watershed should be carefully managed because of the close relationship between ground water and surface water in this area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Ground water 43 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Heat carried by ground water serves as a tracer to identify surface water infiltration, flow through fractures, and flow patterns in ground water basins. Temperature measurements can be analyzed for recharge and discharge rates, the effects of surface warming, interchange with surface water, hydraulic conductivity of streambed sediments, and basin-scale permeability. Temperature data are also used in formal solutions of the inverse problem to estimate ground water flow and hydraulic conductivity. The fundamentals of using heat as a ground water tracer were published in the 1960s, but recent work has significantly expanded the application to a variety of hydrogeological settings. In recent work, temperature is used to delineate flows in the hyporheic zone, estimate submarine ground water discharge and depth to the salt-water interface, and in parameter estimation with coupled ground water and heat-flow models. While short reviews of selected work on heat as a ground water tracer can be found in a number of research papers, there is no critical synthesis of the larger body of work found in the hydrogeological literature. The purpose of this review paper is to fill that void and to show that ground water temperature data and associated analytical tools are currently underused and have not yet realized their full potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Ground water 43 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 40 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 40 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In a typical ground water flow model, lakes are represented by specified head nodes requiring that lake levels be known a priori. To remove this limitation, previous researchers assigned high hydraulic conductivity (K) values to nodes that represent a lake, under the assumption that the simulated head at the nodes in the high-K zone accurately reflects lake level. The solution should also produce a constant water level across the lake. We developed a model of a simple hypothetical ground water/lake system to test whether solutions using high-K lake nodes are sensitive to the value of K selected to represent the lake. Results show that the larger the contrast between the K of the aquifer and the K of the lake nodes, the smaller the error tolerance required for the solution to converge. For our test problem, a contrast of three orders of magnitude produced a head difference across the lake of 0.005 m under a regional gradient of the order of 10−3 m/m, while a contrast of four orders of magnitude produced a head difference of 0.001 m. The high-K method was then used to simulate lake levels in Pretty Lake, Wisconsin. Results for both the hypothetical system and the application to Pretty Lake compared favorably with results using a lake package developed for MODFLOW (Merritt and Konikow 2000). While our results demonstrate that the high-K method accurately simulates lake levels, this method has more cumbersome postprocessing and longer run times than the same problem simulated using the lake package.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 40 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 37 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Multiple calibration targets were used to calibrate a two-dimensional finite-difference model of a ground water lake system. The calibration targets included (1) steady-state head data, (2) transient head data, (3) head gradients, and (4) flowpath information. Because calibration was sensitive to the ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity, four models, each with different assumptions about anisotropy, were developed. All four models produced acceptable calibration to either heads or flowpath, but only one model was well calibrated to all targets. In that model, stratification of the upper aquifer was represented by introducing several dipping layers of low permeability. This allowed the use of a small ratio of horizontal to vertical anisotropy for individual layers but produced a large effective anisotropy for the upper aquifer as a whole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 36 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper demonstrates that analytic element models have potential as powerful screening tools that can facilitate or improve calibration of more complicated finite-difference and finite-element models. We demonstrate how a two-dimensional analytic element model was used to identify errors in a complex three-dimensional finite-difference model caused by incorrect specification of boundary conditions. An improved finite-difference model was developed using boundary conditions developed from a far-field analytic element model. Calibration of a revised finite-difference model was achieved using fewer zones of hydraulic conductivity and lake bed conductance than the original finite-difference model. Calibration statistics were also improved in that simulated base-flows were much closer to measured values. The improved calibration is due mainly to improved specification of the boundary conditions made possible by first solving the far-field problem with an analytic element model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 19 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Ground-water flow models developed for the flow systems around Bass Lake and Nepco Lake, Wisconsin, show that models can be useful tools for estimating lake seepage rates. A two-dimensional profile model for Bass Lake illustrates that the ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer around the lake is related to both the magnitude of vertical hydraulic gradients near the lake and the distribution of seepage from the lake as a function of distance from shore. The model also shows that it is important to know the vertical hydraulic conductivity of littoral lake-bed sediments to estimate lake seepage rates.A three-dimensional model constructed for an unusual ground-water flow system around Nepco Lake provides a more realistic simulation of the flow system than does a comparable two-dimensional model. Both models were useful for identifying additional data that could be used to quantify the ground-water portion of the lake's water budget more accurately. It is suggested that a combination of two-and/or three-dimensional models could be used to estimate seepage rates at many lakes for which sufficient data exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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