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    Tibetan plateau river incision inhibited by glacial stabilization of the Tsangpo gorge (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-10
    Description: A considerable amount of research has focused on how and when the Tibetan plateau formed in the wake of tectonic convergence between India and Asia. Although far less enquiry has addressed the controls on river incision into the plateau itself, widely accepted theory predicts that steep fluvial knick points (river reaches with very steep gradients) in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis at the southeastern plateau margin should erode rapidly, driving a wave of incision back into the plateau. Preservation of the plateau edge thus presents something of a conundrum that may be resolved by invoking either differential rock uplift matching erosional decay, or other mechanisms for retarding bedrock river incision in this region where high stream power excludes the potential for aridity as a simple limit to dissection of the plateau. Here we report morphologic evidence showing that Quaternary depression of the regional equilibrium line altitude, where long-term glacier mass gain equals mass loss, was sufficient to repeatedly form moraine dams on major rivers: such damming substantially impeded river incision into the southeastern edge of the Tibetan plateau through the coupled effects of upstream impoundment and interglacial aggradation. Such glacial stabilization of the resulting highly focused river incision centred on the Tsangpo gorge could further contribute to initiating and accentuating a locus of rapid exhumation, known as tectonic anaeurysm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korup, Oliver -- Montgomery, David R -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 9;455(7214):786-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07322.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Swiss Federal Research Institutes WSL/SLF, Fluelastr. 11, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. korup@slf.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18843366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Repeated catastrophic valley infill following medieval earthquakes in the Nepal Himalaya (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-18
    Description: Geomorphic footprints of past large Himalayan earthquakes are elusive, although they are urgently needed for gauging and predicting recovery times of seismically perturbed mountain landscapes. We present evidence of catastrophic valley infill following at least three medieval earthquakes in the Nepal Himalaya. Radiocarbon dates from peat beds, plant macrofossils, and humic silts in fine-grained tributary sediments near Pokhara, Nepal's second-largest city, match the timing of nearby M 〉 8 earthquakes in ~1100, 1255, and 1344 C.E. The upstream dip of tributary valley fills and x-ray fluorescence spectrometry of their provenance rule out local sources. Instead, geomorphic and sedimentary evidence is consistent with catastrophic fluvial aggradation and debris flows that had plugged several tributaries with tens of meters of calcareous sediment from a Higher Himalayan source 〉60 kilometers away.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwanghart, Wolfgang -- Bernhardt, Anne -- Stolle, Amelie -- Hoelzmann, Philipp -- Adhikari, Basanta R -- Andermann, Christoff -- Tofelde, Stefanie -- Merchel, Silke -- Rugel, Georg -- Fort, Monique -- Korup, Oliver -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):147-50. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9865. Epub 2015 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. w.schwanghart@geo.uni-potsdam.de. ; Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. ; Institute of Geographical Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany. ; Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. ; Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, German Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Germany. ; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Dresden, Germany. ; CNRS UMR 8586 Prodig, Departement de Geographie, Universite Paris-Diderot-SPC, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26676354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cities ; Disasters/*history ; Earthquakes/*history/mortality ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Nepal ; Plants/chemistry ; Radiometric Dating ; Rivers ; Soil/chemistry ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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