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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 114 (1992), S. 4423-4424 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 404 (2000), S. 168-171 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sintering is the process whereby interparticle pores in a granular material are eliminated by atomic diffusion driven by capillary forces. It is the preferred manufacturing method for industrial ceramics. The observation of Burke and Coble that certain crystalline granular solids could ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 25 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 203-206 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Dislocation distribution near the crack tip of I and II modes in bulk aluminum single crystal has been decorated by using the etching pit technique and then was observed by scanning electron microscopy. It has been shown that two kinds of distribution of dislocations, i.e., shielding and antishielding dislocations are found to exist near the crack tip. In addition to these, the dislocation-free zone is still observed to be between the crack tip and the plastic zone. According to Rice and Thomson [Philos. Mag. 29, 73 (1974)], the dislocation mode of the elastic-plastic crack is extended to include the antishielding dislocations as part of a crack-tip equilibrium configuration, which may be described as follows: (μb/2π) (∫−e−a+∫−c−s +∫sc+∫ae)[ f(x')/(x−x')]dx'+σa=0, when ||x||〈C, or σf, when c〈||x||〈s and e〈||x||〈a. The factors affecting the dislocation distribution are discussed in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 1128-1139 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple, one-field, two-nonlinearity, drift wave model equation is derived to describe the dynamics of a nonuniform magnetized plasma by taking into account the effects of dissipative trapped electron response in the turbulence dynamics. Because of the nonadiabatic response of trapped electrons, mode couplings by both the E×B drift and the polarization drift nonlinearities are present. In this work, the statistical dynamics for this dissipative drift wave turbulence is investigated using the EDQNM (eddy-damped quasinormal Markovian) closure scheme. In particular, apart from the eddy viscosity, a large nonlinear frequency shift is shown to be induced by cross coupling of the two nonlinearities. Thus instability drive is modified by this turbulent back reaction. By taking into account this self-consistency effect, a wave kinetic equation is derived, and the density fluctuation spectrum is obtained in different parameter ranges. The results show that the dynamics of dissipative drift wave turbulence is fundamentally different from that of the familiar Hasegawa–Mima model, because E×B drift nonlinearity blocks the low-k condensation of fluctuation energy. It is shown that both the E×B drift nonlinearity and the nonlinear frequency shift effect transfer energy nonlocally from large to small scales and, in contrast to the predictions of dimensional analysis, their contribution to the nonlinear transfer processes are actually of the same order as that of the polarization drift nonlinearity, even within the Hasegawa–Mima regime. This results in a significant modification of the Hasegawa–Mima spectrum for the short-wavelength drift waves.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron cyclotron heating (ECH) is used to suppress m=2 magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) oscillations in the Texas Experimental Tokamak (TEXT) [Nucl. Technol. Fusion 1, 479 (1981)]. The location of ECH power deposition is controlled by a movable antenna. The MHD activity is suppressed when the ECH beam is directed close to the q=2 surface. The experiment is simulated using a three-dimensional resistive MHD code in cylindrical geometry. For fixed plasma current, the saturated m=2 island width is found to depend on the value of the safety factor at the magnetic axis (q0). The simulation suggests that the observed saturated m=2 island in the pre-ECH plasma, which typically occupies 25% of the minor radius, corresponds to q0∼1.3. The suppression of the island in the presence of ECH is attributed to current profile modification. In some discharges, the m=2 activity does not resume even after the ECH pulse is turned off.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 2402-2413 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The linear theory of the sonic ion-temperature-gradient-driven mode in the presence of sheared poloidal rotation is discussed in the context of a hydrodynamic model. Analytical and numerical calculations show that the growth rate increases for weak shear, but then decreases when the shearing frequency exceeds the mode frequency. This trend is a consequence of the coupling of radial eigenmodes induced by the asymmetric effective potential and the absorption and damping due to resonance between the wave frequency and shearing frequency. The former dominates at weak shear, resulting in destabilization, while the latter dominates for strong shear, resulting in stabilization. Mixing length estimates of the turbulent diffusivity are given, and a novel bifurcation scenario for the L→H transition is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 2346-2352 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The linearized equation of motion is given in a Lagrangian representation for a rotating plasma with anisotropic pressure. A WKB theory is developed for large-n ballooning modes in an axisymmetric configuration with field-aligned and rigid toroidal flows. In the presence of field-aligned flows, it is shown that a resonance occurs which is strongly suggestive of a generalized mirror instability. In the presence of toroidal rotation, a possible stabilizing effect is identified for P⊥〉P(parallel). Finally, as a special case of the theory, the necessary and sufficient conditions for stability in a static, anisotropic plasma are obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 31 (1988), S. 332-339 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The theory of energetic particle stabilization of ballooning modes in tokamaks is revisited. When the energetic particles are drift-reversed, a region of ballooning instability, akin to that which causes the Van Dam–Lee–Nelson limit [in Proceedings of the Workshop on EBT Ring Physics (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 1980), p. 471; Phys. Fluids 23, 1850 (1980)] in magnetic mirrors, is identified. At higher values of core poloidal beta a "third'' region of stability is conjectured to occur. The inclusion of finite-aspect-ratio effects can eliminate ballooning instability completely when the energetic particles are non-drift-reversed, but the region of instability for drift-reversed particles persists. Requirements for energetic particle stabilization in large- and small-aspect-ratio tokamak experiments and reactors are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 171-173 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the performance of conjugated polymer light emitting diodes (LEDs) as their active areas are reduced to dimensions typical for pixellated displays. We find that by reducing the active diameter of the device from our standard size (1.5×3 mm) to 50 μm, the current density that can be sustained before LED failure increases by a factor of 9. This increase in current density is mirrored by similar increases in maximum LED brightness. We propose that such effects occur due to improved thermal management in small area devices. Using pulsed driving schemes, devices with a diameter of 50 μm sustained current densities of 5.1 MA m−2, and have emitted electroluminescence with a brightness of 6.5 Mcd m−2. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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