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  • 1
    Call number: AWI G3-19-92415
    Type of Medium: Dissertations
    Pages: VIII, 154, xv Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Language: English
    Note: Table of contents Abstract Zusammenfassung 1 Motivation 2 Introduction 2.1 Arctic climate changes and their impacts on Coastal processes 2.2 Shoreline retreat along Arctic coasts 2.3 Impacts of Coastal erosion 2.3.1 Material fluxes 2.3.2 Retrogressive thaw slumps 2.3.3 Socio-economic impacts 2.4 Objectives 2.5 Study area 2.6 Thesis structure 2.7 Authors’ contributions 3 Variability in rates of Coastal change along the Yukon coast, 1951 to 2015 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Study Area 3.3 Data and Methods 3.3.1 Remote sensing data 3.3.2 Field survey data 3.3.3 Classification of shoreline 3.3.4 Transect-wise analyses of shoreline movements through time 3.4 Results 3.4.1 Temporal variations in shoreline change rates 3.4.2 Alongshore rates of change 3.4.3 Shoreline dynamics along field sites 3.4.4 Dynamics of lagoons, barrier Islands and spits (gravel features) 3.4.5 Yukon Territory land loss 3.5 Discussion 3.5.1 Temporal variations in shoreline change rates 3.5.2 Alongshore rates of change 3.5.3 Dynamics of lagoons, barrier Islands, and spits (gravel features) 3.5.4 Expected shoreline changes as a consequence of future climate warming 3.6 Conclusions Context 4 Coastal erosion of permafrost Solls along the Yukon Coastal Plain and Kuxes oforganic carbon to the Canadian Beaufort Sea 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Study Area 4.3 Methods 4.3.1 Sample collection and laboratory analyses 4.3.2 Soll organic carbon determinations 4.3.3 Flux of organic soil carbon and Sediments 4.3.4 Fate of the eroded soil organic carbon 4.4 Results 4.4.1 Ground lce 4.4.2 Organic carbon contents 4.4.3 Material fluxes 4.5 Discussion 4.5.1 Ground lce 4.5.2 Organic carbon contents 4.5.3 Material fluxes 4.5.4 Organic carbon in nearshore Sediments 4.6 Conclusion Context 5 Terrain Controls on the occurrence of Coastal retrogressive thaw slumpsalong the Yukon Coast, Canada 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Study Area 5.3 Methods 5.3.1 Mapping of RTSs and landform Classification 5.3.2 Environmental variables 5.3.3 Univariate regression trees 5.4 Results 5.4.1 Characteristics of RTS along the coast 5.4.2 Density and areal coverage od RTSs along the Yukon Coast 5.5 Discussion 5.5.1 Characteristics and distribution of RTSs along the Yukon Coast 5.5.2 Terrain factors explaining RTS occurrence 5.5.3 Coastal processes 5.6 Conclusions Context 6 Impacts of past and fiiture Coastal changes on the Yukon coast - threats forcultural sites, infrastructure and travel routes 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Study Area 6.3 Methods 6.3.1 Data for shoreline projections 6.3.2 Shoreline projection for the conservative scenario (S1) 6.3.3 Shoreline Projection for the dynamic scenario (S2) 6.3.4 Positioning and characterizing of cultural sites 6.3.5 Calculation of losses under the S1 and S2 scenarios 6.3.6 Estimation of future dynamics in very dynamic areas 6.4 Results and discussion 6.4.1 Past and future shoreline change rates 6.4.2 Cultural sites 6.4.3 Infrastructure and travel routes 6.5 Conclusions 7 Discussion 7.1 The importance of understanding climatic drivers of Coastal changes 7.2 The influence of shoreline change rates on retrogressive thaw slump activity 7.3 On the calculation of carbon fluxes from Coastal erosion along the Yukon coast 7.4 Impacts of present and future Coastal erosion on the natural and human environment 7.5 Synthesis 8 Summary and Conclusions Bibliography Supporting Material Data Set ds01 Table S1 Table S3 Abbreviations and Nomendature Acknowledgements
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Narrowing uncertainties about carbon cycling is important in the Arctic where rapid environmental changes contribute to enhanced mobilization of carbon. Here we quantify soil organic carbon (SOC) contents of permafrost soils along the Yukon Coastal Plain and determine the annual fluxes from erosion. Different terrain units are assessed based on surficial geology, morphology, and ground ice conditions. To account for the volume of wedge ice and massive ice in a unit, sample SOC contents are reduced by 19% and sediment contents by 16%. The SOC content in a 1 m**2 column of soil varies according to the height of the bluff, ranging from 30 to 662 kg, with a mean value of 183 kg. Forty-four per cent of the SOC is within the top 1 m of soil and values vary based on surficial materials, ranging from 30 to 53 kg C/m**3, with a mean of 41 kg. Eighty per cent of the shoreline is erosive with a mean annual rate of change is 0.7 m/a. This results in a SOC flux per meter of shoreline of 131 kg C/m/a, and a total flux for the entire Yukon coast of 35.5 10**6 kg C/a (0.036 Tg C/a). The mean flux of sediment per meter of shoreline is 5.3 10**3 kg/m/a, with a total flux of 1,832.0 10**6 kg/a (1.832 Tg/a). Sedimentation rates indicate that approximately 13% of the eroded carbon is sequestered in nearshore sediments, where the overwhelming majority of organic carbon is of terrestrial origin.
    Keywords: Box corer/grab; Carbon, organic, terrestrial matter; Carbon, organic, total; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; DEPTH, water; Distance; Event label; Herschel_North_HN-1; Herschel_North_HN-3; Herschel_North_HN-5; Herschel_West_HW-1; King_Point-3; King_Point-4; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Nitrogen, total; Nunaluk_Inside_NI-2; Nunaluk_Inside_NI-4; Nunaluk_Inside_NI-5; Push_Ridge-1; Push_Ridge-5; Sample ID; Shingle_Point-1; Shingle_Point-3; Shingle_Point-5; Site; Stokes-3; Thetis_Bay_TB-1; Thetis_Bay_TB-5; Whale_Bay_WB-5; Workboat_North_WN-3; Workboat_North_WN-5; Workboat_South_WS-3; Workboat_South_WS-5; Yukon, Canada, North America; δ13C, organic carbon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 176 data points
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  • 3
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Irrgang, Anna Maria; Lantuit, Hugues; Manson, Gavin K; Günther, Frank; Grosse, Guido; Overduin, Pier Paul (2018): Variability in rates of coastal change along the Yukon Coast, 1951 to 2015. Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface, 123(4), 779-800, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004326
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: The Arctic is warming, but the impacts on its coasts are not well documented. To better understand the reaction of Arctic coasts to increasing environmental pressure, shoreline position changes along a 210 km length of the Yukon Territory mainland coast in north-west Canada were investigated for the time period from 1951 to 2011. Shoreline positions were extracted from georeferenced aerial photographs from 1951, 1953, 1954, 1972, 1976, 1992, 1994, and 1996, and from WorldView and GeoEye satellite imagery from 2011. Shoreline change was then analyzed using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) extension for ESRI ArcGIS. Shoreline change rates decelerated to a mean rate of -0.5 m/a between the 1970s to 1990s, which was followed by a significant increase in coastal erosion to -1.3 m/a in the 1990s to 2011 time period. These observation indicate that the current rate of coastal retreat along the Yukon coast is higher than at any time before in the 60 year long observation record.
    Keywords: ACD; Arctic Coastal Dynamics; Classification; Digital Shoreline Analysis System extension for ESRI ArcGIS, Thieler et al, 2009; Digitized shoreline indicator; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Net shoreline movement; Rates of positional changes; SAT; Satellite derived; Satellite remote sensing; Transect; UTM Easting, Universal Transverse Mercator; UTM Northing, Universal Transverse Mercator; UTM Zone, Universal Transverse Mercator; Yukon_Territory_mainland_coast; Yukon, Canada, North America
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 43963 data points
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  • 4
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Couture, Nicole; Irrgang, Anna Maria; Pollard, Wayne H; Lantuit, Hugues; Fritz, Michael (2018): Coastal Erosion of Permafrost Soils Along the Yukon Coastal Plain and Fluxes of Organic Carbon to the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004166
    Publication Date: 2023-08-21
    Description: Narrowing uncertainties about carbon cycling is important in the Arctic where rapid environmental changes contribute to enhanced mobilization of carbon. Here we quantify soil organic carbon (SOC) contents of permafrost soils along the Yukon Coastal Plain and determine the annual fluxes from erosion. Different terrain units are assessed based on surficial geology, morphology, and ground ice conditions. To account for the volume of wedge ice and massive ice in a unit, sample SOC contents are reduced by 19% and sediment contents by 16%. The SOC content in a 1 m**2 column of soil varies according to the height of the bluff, ranging from 30 to 662 kg, with a mean value of 183 kg. Forty-four per cent of the SOC is within the top 1 m of soil and values vary based on surficial materials, ranging from 30 to 53 kg C/m**3, with a mean of 41 kg. Eighty per cent of the shoreline is erosive with a mean annual rate of change is 0.7 m/a. This results in a SOC flux per meter of shoreline of 131 kg C/m/a, and a total flux for the entire Yukon coast of 35.5 10**6 kg C/a (0.036 Tg C/a). The mean flux of sediment per meter of shoreline is 5.3 10**3 kg/m/a, with a total flux of 1,832.0 10**6 kg/a (1.832 Tg/a). Sedimentation rates indicate that approximately 13% of the eroded carbon is sequestered in nearshore sediments, where the overwhelming majority of organic carbon is of terrestrial origin.
    Keywords: Area, eroded; Carbon, organic, total; Carbon and nitrogen and sulfur (CNS) isotope element analyzer, Elementar, Vario EL III; Change rate; Corrected; Density, dry bulk; Density, mass density; Depth, soil, maximum; Depth, soil, minimum; Ice content; LATITUDE; Layer thickness; Lithology/composition/facies; Location; LONGITUDE; Mass, flux; Mass per unit area; Reference/source; Sample ID; Yukon_Coastal_Soils; Yukon, Canada, North America
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 12409 data points
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The dataset compiles water current velocities and direction measured by a platform-based upward looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler. Data was acquired in August 2018 during the Yukon Coast 2018 expedition to the Herschel Island – Qikiqtaruk coastal observatory, conducted by the Alfred Wegener Institute in Potsdam, Germany. Goal of this project was to find drivers that control nearshore currents and to map their spatio-temporal variation. These currents might play an important role in the transport process of sediments and organic matter in the nearshore zone of the Arctic Ocean. The sediments mainly originate from the rapidly eroding permafrost coasts. The columns of this data file include Date/Time, height above the seafloor of the respective measurement cell (bin), current velocity in east-west direction and current velocity in north-south direction.
    Keywords: Acoustic Current Doppler Profiler; Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling (ADCP); Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling (ADCP), RDI Workhorse Sentinel, 600 kHz; ADCP; ADCP data; Arctic Ocean; Arctic Shelf; AWI_Perma; AWI Arctic Land Expedition; Beaufort Sea; CA-Land_2018_YukonCoast; Coastal erosion; Current Direction; currents; current velocity; Current velocity, east-west; Current velocity, north-south; Date/Time local; Height above sea floor/altitude; Herschel Island; hydrodynamics; Nearshore zone; NUNATARYUK; NUNATARYUK, Permafrost thaw and the changing Arctic coast, science for socioeconomic adaptation; Permafrost; Permafrost Research; Qikiqtaruk; YC_2018_ADCP; Yukon_Coast_2018; Yukon Coast
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 923306 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The dataset compiles water current velocities and direction measured by a platform-based upward looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler. Data was acquired in July/August 2015 during the Yukon Coast 2015 expedition to the Herschel Island – Qikiqtaruk coastal observatory, conducted by the Alfred Wegener Institute in Potsdam, Germany. Goal of this project was to find drivers that control nearshore currents and to map their spatio-temporal variation. These currents might play an important role in the transport process of sediments and organic matter in the nearshore zone of the Arctic Ocean. The sediments mainly originate from the rapidly eroding permafrost coasts. The columns of this data file include Date/Time, height above the seafloor of the respective measurement cell (bin), current velocity in east-west direction and current velocity in north-south direction.
    Keywords: Acoustic Current Doppler Profiler; Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling (ADCP); Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling (ADCP), RDI Workhorse Sentinel, 600 kHz; ADCP; ADCP data; Arctic Ocean; Arctic Shelf; AWI_Perma; AWI Arctic Land Expedition; Beaufort Sea; CA-Land_2015_YukonCoast; Coastal erosion; currents; current velocity; Current velocity, east-west; Current velocity, north-south; Date/Time local; Height above sea floor/altitude; Herschel Island; hydrodynamics; Nearshore zone; Permafrost; Permafrost Research; Qikiqtaruk; YC_2015_ADCP; Yukon_Coast_2015; Yukon Coast
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 150784 data points
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Keywords: Active layer depth; Ammonium; AWI_PerDyn; Carbon, organic, dissolved; Carbon, organic, dissolved/Nitrogen, total, dissolved ratio; Carbon, organic, total; Carbon, organic, total/Nitrogen, total ratio; Comment; DATE/TIME; Density, dry bulk; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada; Ice content; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; MULT; Multiple investigations; Nitrate; Nitrite; Nitrogen, inorganic, dissolved; Nitrogen, total; Nitrogen, total dissolved; Permafrost Research (Periglacial Dynamics) @ AWI; Qikiqtaruk; Sample ID; Sample mass; Sample volume; Subzone; Zone; δ13C, dissolved organic carbon; δ13C, organic carbon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2514 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-07-13
    Description: Soft sediment permafrost coasts are well known for their very dynamic nature. In some places their erosion can reach tens of meters, even though the erosion time is restricted to the short open water season of three to four months per year. Due to its high ground ice content, the Yukon coast in the western Canadian Arctic is particularly prone to erosion. Building on results from Irrgang et al., 2018, we continued analyzing shoreline movements along the Yukon Coast using Pleiades satellite imagery covering the whole Yukon Coast from 2018 and 2022, as well as very highly resolved data from UAV overflights covering long term monitoring sites in 2019 and 2022. Using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) Esri ArcMap extension tool, we quantified shoreline movements for the time periods 2011-2018, and 2018-2022 for the entire coastline and for 2015-2019 and 2019- 2022 for long term monitoring sites. We used the same transects and shoreline proxies as in Irrgang et al., 2018, to ensure comparability of our results and elongate our observation series. We will show how recent shoreline position changes differ from past ones and will provide possible reasoning for these detected changes. We are using our multi-time-step shoreline change rate dataset of the Yukon Coast for training and validation purposes within the Earth Observation for Permafrost Coasts (EO4PAC) project. The increasing usage of machine learning approaches for automated shoreline delineation and shoreline change rate retrieval opens up new pathways – especially if it comes to exploring large and remote areas. Such datasets which contain on site derived shoreline change rates and manually derived shorelines from (very) high resolution airborne and spaceborne data are crucial for training algorithms, validation of results and thus for the quality improvement of machine learning techniques.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: Permafrost is warming at a global scale, yet land surface change associated with abrupt permafrost thaw strongly affects permafrost communities and Arctic research stations at the local scale. In the ERC PETA-CARB, ESA CCI Permafrost, and NSF Permafrost Discovery Gateway projects, remote sensing time series were used to detect and map permafrost disturbances at high spatial resolution across large regions to quantify landscape change, hydrological dynamics, and permafrost vulnerability. The multitude of geospatial datasets that were produced in these projects provide useful information also for local scales. Hence, the question arises how such large and complex science datasets can be made available for permafrost communities and Arctic research stations to deal with the issues and challenges they experience with land surface disturbances and permafrost thaw at the local scale. The geospatial datasets are published according to the FAIR principles and are available to the research community via well-established channels such as the GTN-P database, the PANGAEA world data centre, and the geodata portal Arctic Permafrost Geospatial Centre (APGC). Currently, the scientific data is not readily designed and presented to be interpreted by non-scientists and non-experts. We are designing a tailored web-based portal specifically targeting non-scientific user communities, stakeholders, and rightsholders. We will develop interactive maps and adequate cartographic visualizations for near real-time information on land surface changes, hot spots of disturbances, and potential areas of active permafrost thaw. While focusing on the local scale, the data will be explorable up to the panarctic scale and may open new avenues for understanding permafrost change for the general public. Through planned consultations with local permafrost communities and stakeholders we aim to ensure that their actual information needs are met.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: The Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW), in the context of the framework of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), published the Measurement of Cryospheric Variables, Volume II of the Guide to Instruments and Methods of Observation in 2018, in which best practice for observations of snow parameters was included. As a follow-up effort, measurement best practices for the other cryosphere components are under development, including permafrost and seasonally frozen ground. The measurement best practice for permafrost aims to define reference methods for the configuration and ongoing operation of stations for in situ observations in high mountains and polar regions. It will: address gaps in the existing permafrost monitoring systems, define methods for improving traceability and comparability, recommend instrumental characteristics and provide measurements uncertainty evaluation. A further objective is to support capacity building of countries in terms of developing a permafrost observation network. A Task Team within the framework of GCW was established, to lead the development and publication of a complete guide to the measurements of permafrost variables. The documents in preparation will be coordinated with the ongoing revision of Products and Requirements of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Permafrost Essential Climate Variable (ECV), including existing variables measured by the GTN-P (Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost). Further, the needs of developing Essential Arctic Variables (EAV) and Shared Arctic Variables (SAV) identified at the Arctic Observing Summit (AOS) are considered. The work will be based on existing methodologies, promoting and recommending methods to improve data reliability and traceability, also for the implementation of new stations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: application/pdf
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