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  • 1
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    In:  Eos Trans. AGU, Luxembourg, National Academy of Sciences of the USA, vol. 86, no. 32, pp. 293 & 297, pp. B05311, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Description: Subduction zones generate the world's largest and most destructive earthquakes and most of the world' s destructive tsunamis, as has been recently shown by the devastating Andaman-Sumatra event on 26 December 2004. Understanding the factors leading to Earth's largest and most destructive earthquakes is not only an "obviously important" goal, as stated in the U.S. National Science Foundation's Margins Science Report 2004, but it is also an "utmost important" goal for the whole geoscience community. Interrelated with this topic are still unsolved questions in seismology: Why do subduction zones occasionally generate the largest known (Mw 〉 9) earthquakes? And why are only a few subduction zones capable of generating Mw ~= 9 earthquakes while the rest only produce up to Mw ~= 7.5?
    Keywords: Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; TIPTEQ ; GFZ ; Chile ; Subduction zone ; Project report/description ; Earthquake asperities ; Geothermics ; OBS ; Reflection seismics ; Friction ; Seismic arrays ; Fracture ; NAZCA ; Physical properties of rocks ; Valdivia ; Seismology ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Geodesy ; Modelling ; 8170 ; Tectonophysics: ; Subduction ; zone ; processes ; 7230 ; Seismology: ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; 7240 ; Seismology: ; Subduction ; zones
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  • 2
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    In:  Earth planet. Sci. Lett., Wiesbaden, Bundesanstalt f. Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) und die Staatlichen Geologischen Dienste in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Vertrieb: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nägele und Obermiller), Stuttgart, vol. 215, no. 1-2, pp. 105-119, pp. 1006, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Tomography ; Attenuation ; Quality factor ; Subduction zone ; Fluids ; Volcanology ; South ; America ; Chile ; EPSL
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Plate tectonics ; Seismology ; ConvolutionR ; Receiver functions ; FLORENZO
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  • 4
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Luxembourg, National Academy of Sciences of the USA, vol. 119, no. 2, pp. 260-268, pp. B05311, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; Source ; Aftershocks ; GJI
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-06-08
    Description: The rapid discharge of gas and rock fragments during volcanic eruptions generates acoustic infrasound. Here we present results from the inversion of infrasound signals associated with small and moderate gas-and-ash explosions at Santiaguito volcano, Guatemala, to retrieve the time history of mass eruption rate at the vent. Acoustic waveform inversion is complemented by analyses of thermal infrared imagery to constrain the volume and rise dynamics of the eruption plume. Finally, we combine results from the two methods in order to assess the bulk density of the erupted mixture, constrain the timing of the transition from a momentum-driven jet to a buoyant plume, and to evaluate the relative volume fractions of ash and gas during the initial thrust phase. Our results demonstrate that eruptive plumes associated with small-to-moderate size explosions at Santiaguito only carry minor fractions of ash, suggesting that these events may not involve extensive magma fragmentation in the conduit.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-09-22
    Description: We present a high resolution 3 dimensional (3D) P wave velocity model for Tenerife Island, Canaries, covering the top of Teide volcano (3,718 m a.s.l.) down to around 8 km below sea level (b.s.l). The tomographic inversion is based on a large data set of travel times obtained from a 3D active seismic experiment using offshore shots (air guns) recorded at more than 100 onshore seismic stations. The obtained seismic velocity structure is strongly heterogeneous with significant (up to 40%) lateral variations. The main volcanic structure of the Las Cañadas-Teide-Pico Viejo Complex (CTPVC) is characterized by a high P wave velocity body, similar to many other stratovolcanoes. The presence of different high P wave velocity regions inside the CTPVC may be related to the geological and volcanological evolution of the system. The presence of high P wave velocities at the center of the island is interpreted as evidence for a single central volcanic source for the formation of Tenerife. Furthermore, reduced P wave velocities are found in a small confined region in CTPVC and are more likely related to hydrothermal alteration, as indicated by the existence of fumaroles, than to the presence of a magma chamber beneath the system. In the external regions, surrounding CTPVC a few lower P wave velocity regions can be interpreted as fractured zones, hydrothermal alterations, porous materials and thick volcaniclastic deposits.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-04-28
    Description: The 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile (Mw=8.8) earthquake is one of the best instrumentally observed subduction zone megathrust events. Here we present locations, magnitudes and cumulative equivalent moment of the first ∼2 months of aftershocks, recorded on a temporary network deployed within 2 weeks of the occurrence of the mainshock. Using automatically-determined onset times and a back projection approach for event association, we are able to detect over 30,000 events in the time period analyzed. To further increase the location accuracy, we systematically searched for potential S-wave arrivals and events were located in a regional 2D velocity model. Additionally, we calculated regional moment tensors to gain insight into the deformation history of the aftershock sequence. We find that the aftershock seismicity is concentrated between 40 and 140 km distance from the trench over a depth range of 10 to 35 km. Focal mechanisms indicate a predominance of thrust faulting, with occasional normal faulting events. Increased activity is seen in the outer-rise region of the Nazca plate, predominantly in the northern part of the rupture area. Further down-dip, a second band of clustered seismicity, showing mainly thrust motion, is located at depths of 40–45 km. By comparing recent published mainshock source inversions with our aftershock distribution, we discriminate slip models based on the assumption that aftershocks occur in areas of rapid transition between high and low slip, surrounding high-slip regions of the mainshock.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-01-11
    Description: The combination of the Sunda megathrust and the (strike-slip) Sumatran Fault (SF) represents a type example of slip-partitioning. However, superimposed on the SF are geometrical irregularities that disrupt the local strain field. The largest such feature is in central Sumatra where the SF splits into two fault strands up to 35 km apart. A dense local network was installed along a 350 km section around this bifurcation, registering 1016 crustal events between April 2008 and February 2009. 528 of these events, with magnitudes between 1.1 and 6.0, were located using the double-difference relative location method. These relative hypocentre locations reveal several new features about the crustal structure of the SF. Northwest and southeast of the bifurcation, where the SF has only one fault strand, seismicity is strongly focused below the surface trace, indicating a vertical fault that is seismogenic to ∼15 km depth. By contrast intense seismicity is observed within the bifurcation, displaying streaks in plan and cross-section that indicate a complex system of faults bisecting the bifurcation. In combination with analysis of topography and focal mechanisms, we propose that the bifurcation is a strike-slip duplex system with complex faulting between the two main fault branches.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-01-27
    Description: On 12 September 2007, an Mw 8.4 earthquake occurred within the southern section of the Mentawai segment of the Sumatra subduction zone, where the subduction thrust had previously ruptured in 1833 and 1797. Traveltime data obtained from a temporary local seismic network, deployed between December 2007 and October 2008 to record the aftershocks of the 2007 event, was used to determine two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) velocity models of the Mentawai segment. The seismicity distribution reveals significant activity along the subduction interface and within two clusters in the overriding plate either side of the forearc basin. The downgoing slab is clearly distinguished by a dipping region of high Vp (8.0 km/s), which can be a traced to ∼50 km depth, with an increased Vp/Vs ratio (1.75 to 1.90) beneath the islands and the western side of the forearc basin, suggesting hydrated oceanic crust. Above the slab, a shallow continental Moho of less than 30 km depth can be inferred, suggesting that the intersection of the continental mantle with the subducting slab is much shallower than the downdip limit of the seismogenic zone despite localized serpentinization being present at the toe of the mantle wedge. The outer arc islands are characterized by low Vp (4.5–5.8 km/s) and high Vp/Vs (greater than 2.0), suggesting that they consist of fluid saturated sediments. The very low rigidity of the outer forearc contributed to the slow rupture of the Mw 7.7 Mentawai tsunami earthquake on 25 October 2010.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rietbrock, Andreas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1439-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Liverpool University, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK. A.Rietbrock@liverpool.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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