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  • 1
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    Inflation and deflation at the steep-sided Llaima stratovolcano (Chile) detected by using InSAR (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-05-19
    Description: Llaima volcano, Chile, is a typical basaltic-to-andesitic stratovolcano in the southcentral Andes. Llaima had at least four explosive eruptions in the decade 2000 – 2010, however little is known about the physical processes and magma storage at this volcano. In this study we present an InSAR deformation field at Llaima from 2003 – 2008, covering both the post-eruptive and syn-eruptive periods. The satellite InSAR data are significantly affected by environmental decorrelation due to steep topography, snow and vegetation; because of this, we applied a model-assisted phase unwrapping approach. The analysis of these data suggests two main deformation episodes: subsidence associated with the post-eruptive period, and uplift associated with the syn-eruptive period. Maximum summit subsidence and uplift are ∼10 cm and ∼8 cm, respectively. Through inverse modeling of both periods, a deflating and inflating magma body can be inferred, located at a depth of 4 – 12 km, subject to a volume decrease of 10 – 46 × 106 m3 during the subsidence period, followed by a volume increase of 6 – 20 × 106 m3 during the uplift period. Therefore, this study presents the first evidence of magma-driven deformation at Llaima volcano, and suggests that eruption periods are associated with the inflation and deflation of a deep magma body that can be monitored by using space geodesy.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Lithospheric flexure and gravity spreading of Olympus Mons volcano, Mars (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: The structural architecture of large volcanoes is governed substantially by gravity-driven deformation that is manifest as distinct processes such as basement flexure or volcanic spreading. Temporal effects and the mutual interplay of these processes have been investigated only to a limited extent, and so we present novel numerical models of the time-dependent deformation associated with them. The models simulate the combined effects of lithospheric flexure and volcanic spreading during growth increments of an elastoplastic volcanic cone. Different spreading scenarios are considered by a variable coupling decoupling behavior at the interface between volcano and basement. We apply our models to Olympus Mons on Mars, which is characterized by upper- to mid-flank terraces on the shield, is encircled by a basal scarp that has an average slope of 30°, and is surrounded by distant deposits that resemble large-scale slumping features on Earth. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that terraces on Olympus Mons' flanks form by thrust-faulting that results from lithospheric flexure. The presence and expression of terraces depend on the coupling of volcano and basement, on the time of volcano growth relative to mantle relaxation, and on the cohesion of the edifice. The encircling scarp may be related to a very low friction detachment at the edifice base, which leads to a normal fault regime on the lowermost flanks. With time and volcano growth, predicted stress and faulting regimes migrate only slightly, indicating that the structural architecture of volcanoes is largely set in the very early stages of formation.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Stress control of deep rift intrusion at Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii, deforms by a combination of shallow dike intrusions in the rift zones and earthquakes along the base of the volcano, but it is not known how the spreading is accommodated in the lower part of the volcanic edifice. We present evidence from interferometric synthetic aperture radar data for secular inflation of a dike-like magma body at intermediate depth in the southwest rift zone during 2002 to 2005. Magma accumulation occurred in a section of the rift zone that was unclamped by previous dikes and earthquakes, suggesting that stress transfer plays an important role in controlling subsurface magma accumulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amelung, Falk -- Yun, Sang-Ho -- Walter, Thomas R -- Segall, Paul -- Kim, Sang-Wan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):1026-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA. famelung@rsmas.miami.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Cost-effective monitoring of ground motion related to earthquakes, landslides or volcanic activity by joint use of a single-frequency GPS and a MEMS accelerometer (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-14
    Description: [1]  Real-time detection and precise estimation of strong ground motion are crucial for rapid assessment and early warning of geohazards such as earthquakes, landslides and volcanic activity. This challenging task can be accomplished by combining GPS and accelerometer measurements because of their complementary capabilities to resolve broadband ground motion signals. However, for implementing an operational monitoring network of such joint measurement systems, cost-effective techniques need to be developed and rigorously tested. We propose a new approach for joint processing of single-frequency GPS and MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) accelerometer data in real time. To demonstrate the performance of our method, we describe results from outdoor experiments under controlled conditions. For validation, we analyzed dual-frequency GPS data and images recorded by a video camera. The results of the different sensors agree very well, suggesting that real-time broadband information of ground motion can be provided by using single-frequency GPS and MEMS accelerometers.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    An active ring fault detected at tendürek volcano by using InSAR (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-30
    Description: [1]  Although ring faults are present at many ancient, deeply-eroded volcanoes, they have been detected at only very few modern volcanic centers. At the so far little-studied Tendürek volcano in eastern Turkey, we generated ascending and descending InSAR time series of its surface displacement field for the period from 2003 to 2010. We detected a large (~105 km 2 ) region that underwent subsidence at the rate of ~1 cm/yr during this period. Source modeling results show that the observed signal fits best to simulations of a near-horizontal contracting sill located at around 3 km below the volcano. Intriguingly, the residual displacement velocity field contains a steep gradient that systematically follows a system of arcuate fractures visible on the volcano's mid-flanks. RapidEye satellite optical images show that this fracture system has deflected Holocene lava flows, thus indicating its presence for at least several millennia. We interpret the arcuate fracture system as the surface expression of an inherited ring fault that has been slowly reactivated during the detected recent subsidence. These results show that volcano ring faults may not only slip rapidly during eruptive or intrusive phases, but also slowly during dormant phases.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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