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  • 1
    Unknown
    Novel Application of Anomalous (Resonance) X-ray Scattering for Structural Characterization of Disordered Materials (1984)
    Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783540133599
    URL: http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=book&isbn=978-3-540-13359-9
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Characterization of Corrosion Products on Steel Surfaces (2006)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Materials
    ISBN: 9783540351788
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35178-8
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recrystallization of Ferric Oxyhydroxides Consisting of FeO〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 Octahedral Units via Aqueous Solution (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 558-559 (Oct. 2007), p. 1389-1394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Solid particles of ferric oxyhydroxides or iron oxide were recrystallized from ferrous andferric ions dissolved in aqueous solution. There are different structures of α-FeOOH, β-FeOOH andγ-FeOOH in the ferric oxyhydroxides, of which the formation is influenced by reaction conditionssuch as oxidation rate of ferrous ions. In this work, a few factors affecting the formation of the ferricoxyhydroxides and iron oxides, which was converted from hydrosulfate green rust, has been studiedusing different methods. The hydrosulfate green rust (GR2) was synthesized from solutions of ferricsulfate (Fe2(SO4)3), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and they were oxidizedby gas containing oxygen. X-ray diffraction measurements and X-ray absorption spectroscopy wereused for analyzing the structure and chemical state of solid particles extracted from the suspensionduring the oxidation. The morphology of the particles was observed by transmission electronmicroscopy. The results showed that γ-FeOOH or Fe3O4 particles were formed together withα-FeOOH particles during conversion from the green rust, depending on oxidation temperature,oxygen flow rate and addition of manganese. This indicates that the species of ferric oxyhydroxidesor iron oxides formed in aqueous solution is sensitively influenced by reaction conditions
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/17/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.558-559.1389.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New attempt for measuring thermal diffusivity of thin films by means of a laser flash method (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 317-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new facility and its requirements have been developed for the measurement of the thermal diffusivity of thin films or ribbons which are less than about 100 μm in thickness, using a laser flash method. In this method, a pulsed laser beam which has a narrow line-shaped cross section compared with the length of the sample is flashed onto the front surface of the sample. The temperature response at the back surface at a certain distance away from the line-shaped illuminated area of the laser beam is measured by an infrared detector. The thermal diffusivity value can be estimated from the time required for the temperature to reach the half of the maximum temperature rise finally acquired. The usefulness of the present facility has been demonstrated by measuring successfully thermal diffusivities of thin foils of platinum (25 μm) and of copper (18 μm). This method can be applied to the samples having various thermal diffusivities, particularly in cases where the conventional method using a thermocouple is found to be technically difficult. For example, a thin fragile sample for which it is almost impossible to weld the temperature detecting device onto it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140430
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal diffusivity measurements of molten salts using a three-layered cell by the laser flash method (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 2645-2649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simple cell and easy data processing are described for measuring the thermal diffusivity of a liquid sample at high temperatures using the laser flash method. A cell consists of a liquid sample sandwiched by two metallic plates. The front surface of one metallic plate is exposed to a single pulse of beam laser and the resulting temperature rise of the back surface of the other metallic plate is measured. The logarithmic analysis proposed by James using the initial time region of the temperature response curve of a two layered cell system has been extended to apply to the present three layered cell system in order to estimate the thermal diffusivity value of a liquid sample. Measurements of distilled water and methanol were made first and the results were found to be in good agreement with the reference data. Then, the thermal diffusivities of molten NaNO3 at 593–660 K and of molten KNO3 at 621–694 K were determined and the results also appear to agree reasonably well with those reported in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141853
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Refinement of the Thermodynamic Properties of Ruthenium Dioxide and Osmium Dioxide (2000)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The standard Gibbs energies of formation of RuO2 and OsO2 at high temperature have been determined with high precision, using a novel apparatus that incorporates a buffer electrode between the reference and working electrodes. The buffer electrode absorbs the electrochemical flux of oxygen through the solid electrolyte from the electrode with higher oxygen chemical potential to the electrode with lower oxygen potential. The buffer electrode prevents polarization of the measuring electrode and ensures accurate data. The standard Gibbs energies of formation (ΔfG°) of RuO2, in the temperature range of 900–1500 K, and OsO2, in the range of 900–1200 K, can be represented by the equations 〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00027820:JACE1745:JACE_1745_mu1"/〉 where the temperature T is given in Kelvin and the deviation of the measurement is ±80 J/mol. The high-temperature heat capacities of RuO2 and OsO2 are measured using differential scanning calorimetry. The information for both the low- and high-temperature heat capacity of RuO2 is coupled with the ΔfG° data obtained in this study to evaluate the standard enthalpy of formation of RuO2 at 298.15 K (ΔfH°298.15K). The low-temperature heat capacity of OsO2 has not been measured; therefore, the standard enthalpy and entropy of formation of OsO2 at 298.15 K (ΔfH°298.15K and S°298.15K, respectively) are derived simultaneously through an optimization procedure from the high-temperature heat capacity and the Gibbs energy of formation. Both ΔfH°298.15K and S°298.15K are treated as variables in the optimization routine. For RuO2, the standard enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K is ΔfH°298.15K(RuO2) =−313.52 ± 0.08 kJ/mol, and that for OsO2 is ΔfH°298.15K(OsO2) =−295.96 ± 0.08 kJ/mol. The standard entropy of OsO2 at 298.15 K that has been obtained from the optimization is given as S°298.15K(OsO2) = 49.8 ± 0.2 J·(mol·K)−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01459.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition-Graded Solid Electrolyte for Determination of the Gibbs Energy of Formation of Lanthanum Zirconate (1998)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A composition-graded solid electrolyte has been used to determine the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of lanthanum zirconate (La2Zr2O7) from the component oxides lanthana (La2O3) (A-rare earth) and zirconia (ZrO2) (monoclinic) in the temperature range of 870–1240 K. The cell used for measurement can be represented as Pt, O2, CaO + CaF2∥ CaF2| (LaF3)x(CaF2)1-x∥LaF3+ La2Zr2O7+ ZrO2, O2, Pt x=0 x=0.32 A composition-graded electrolyte has been introduced to compensate the solubility effects of the electrode material (lanthanum fluoride, LaF3) in the solid electrolyte (calcium fluoride, CaF2). The ability of the graded electrolyte to gen-erate a Nernstian response is demonstrated, using electrodes with known fluorine chemical potentials. For the reaction La2O3 (A-rare earth) + 2ZrO2 (monoclinic) → La2Zr2O7 (pyrochlore), the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°f,ox) is given by the formula −133800 −10.32T (±4500) (in units of J/mol). The enthalpy and entropy of formation of La2Zr2O7 obtained in this study are in good agreement with calorimetric data. The “third-law” enthalpy of formation of La2Zr2O7, from the component oxides at 298.15 K, is −133.8 ± 5 kJ/mol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02568.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-State Immiscibility and Thermodynamics of the Calcium Oxide-Strontium Oxide System (1998)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Solid-state miscibility gap in the pseudo-binary calcium oxide-strontium oxide (CaO-SrO) system is delineated by X-ray diffractometry studies on samples equilibrated either under vacuum or in a flowing inert-gas atmosphere at temperatures of 973-1273 K. For the CaxSr1−xO solid solution, an asymmetric phase boundary that is characterized by a critical temperature of 1173 (±3) K and a composition of x= 0.53 (±0.01) is obtained. The excess Gibbs energy of mixing of the solid solution, which is derived from the experimental phase-boundary compositions and temperatures, can be represented by the expression ΔGE=x (1−x)[(27040 − 5.82 T) x+ (24915 − 5.34 T)(1 −x)] (in units of J/mol). It is necessary to include excess entropy terms to obtain a good fit to the experimental data. The chemical spinodal curve is computed from the thermodynamic parameters. The results obtained in this study are compared with phase-diagram and calorimetric information that is available in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02451.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical Determination of the Gibbs Energy of Formation of MgAl2O4 (1998)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The standard Gibbs energy of formation of the spinel MgAl2O4 from component oxides, MgO and α-Al2O3, has been determined in the temperature range 900 to 1250 K using a solid-state cell incorporating single-crystal CaF2 as the solid electrolyte. The cell can be represented as—Pt,O2,MgO+MgF2|CaF2|MgF2+MgAl2O4+α-Al2O3,O2,Pt—The standard Gibbs energy of formation from binary oxides, computed from the reversible emf, can be represented by the expression—capdeltaG°f,ox=−23600 − 5.91T(±150) J/mol—The ‘second-law’ enthalpy of formation of MgAl2O4 obtained in this study is in good agreement with high-temperature solution calorimetric studies reported in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02316.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous X-ray scattering for determining the partial structural functions of binary liquids (2000)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 7 (2000), S. 152-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The availability of intense white X-rays from synchrotron radiation sources has greatly improved both acquisition and quality of anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS) measurements. A demonstration is given of the usefulness of the AXS method for determining three partial structural functions of liquid matter by some selected examples of molten salts such as CuBr and RbBr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049500002971
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