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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of metamorphic geology 15 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The biotite isograd reaction in Cambro–Ordovician pelites from the Garonne dome in the Central Pyrenees involves the production of biotite at the expense of chlorite, and the gradual reduction in the celadonite (Si) content of individual white micas. The mineral assemblages in the biotite-bearing rocks in the Melles area retain abundant evidence of chemical disequilibrium, due to the sluggish nature of major element diffusion within the white micas. The progress of the isograd reaction is strongly controlled by the progressive development of regional Variscan fabrics, and chemical exchange in the white micas in these metamorphic conditions is only possible during active deformation. Chemical resetting of the white micas takes place via the development of compositional zoning in the deforming micas; this probably occurs as a consequence of the introduction of defects and dislocations, causing more efficient diffusion within parts of individual grains. In the absence of deformation, this biotite isograd reaction would take place at significantly higher temperature and be controlled by the relatively high closure temperature of major element diffusion in white micas. Thus, assigning thermal significance to such continuous isograd reactions is impossible without independent constraints: kinetic factors such as deformation may be the dominant influence in many cases, not the thermodynamic controls.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 70 (1981), S. 529-541 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract We infer that the Trinity Peninsula Group of the Antarctic Peninsula was deposited in a fore-arc basin(s) of composite type located between the Gondwanian arc massif (consisting of plutonic and older gneissose basement rocks) and a subduction complex, now represented by “greenschists”, “blueschists” and albite-epidote-hornblende-bearing rocks of the pre-Jurassic metamorphic complex. The Trinity Peninsula Group has been re-examined in the type area and can be divided into the Hope Bay, View Point and Legoupil Formations. Sedimentary rocks of all formations are of turbidite facies; meta-pillow lavas are described for the first time from these rocks. Multiphase folding has been observed in all formations and regional metamorphism reached prehnite-pumpellyite facies. Microprobe analyses of relict pyroxenes in the pillow lavas indicate the parent magma was probably within-plate alkali basalt. Analyses of detrital garnets show that they are different in composition from metamorphic garnets in the subduction complex, indicating that the latter did not supply a significant amount of material to the fore-arc basin(s). A close similarity with the Torlesse terrane in New Zealand is noted and we conclude that a late Palaeozoic-early Mesozoic fore-arc basin environment can be traced almost continuously around the Pacific margin from South America to New Zealand.
    Abstract: Résumé Nous pensons que le Groupe de la Péninsule Trinity de la Péninsule Antarctique a été déposé dans un bassin de Farce externe de type composite situé entre le massif de l'arc Gondwanien (composé de roches plutoniques et de gneiss d'un socle plus ancien) et d'un complexe de subduction, représenté actuellement par des « schistesverts », «schistes-bleus» et des roches ă hornblende, albite et épidote du complexe métamorphique pré-Jurassique. Le Groupe de la Péninsule Trinity a été réexaminé dans la région-type; il peut être subdivisé en formations de Hope Bay, de View Point et de Legoupil. Les roches sédimentaires de toutes les formations sont du faciés turbiditique; pour la premiére fois des laves en coussins mêtamorphisées y sont décrites. Un plissement multiphasé est observé dans toutes les formations, et le faciés préhnite pumpellyte marque le métamorphisme régional. Des analyses par microsonde de restes de pyroxene dans les laves en coussins démontrent que le magma parental etait probablement un basalte alcalin. Des analyses de grenats détritiques démontrent que les grenats sont d'une composition différente des grenats métamorphiques dans le complexe de subduction, indiquant que ces derniers n'ont fourni que peu de matériaux au bassin de l'arc externe. La ressemblance est proche avec le terrain Torlessse de la Nouvelle Zélande et nous concluons qu'un environement de bassin d'arc externe (fin du Paléozoique à début du Mésozoique) peut être tracé presque sans interruption auteur de la marge Pacifique, entre l'Amérique du Sud et la Nouvelle-Zélande.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir folgern, daß die Formationsgruppe der Halbinsel Trinity in der antarktischen Halbinsel in ein Vorderbecken des Kompositentyps abgelagert wurde, das sich zwischen dem aus plutonischen und älteren gneißosen Urgesteinen bestehenden Bogengebirgsmassiv von Gondwana und einem Unterziehungskomplex befindet, der jetzt durch „Grünschiefer“ und „Blauschiefer“ und Albit-Epidot-Hornblende tragenden Gesteine von dem vorjurassischen metamorphen Komplex vertreten wird. Die Formationsgruppe der Halbinsel Trinity ist hinsichtlich des Typs nochmals geprüft geworden und kann in Hope Bay-, View Point- und Legoupil-Formationen eingeteilt werden. Sedimentgesteine von allen Formationen sind von Turbiditfazies: Metalagerlaven werden zum ersten Mal durch diese Gesteine beschrieben. Mehrphasige Schichtenfaltung ist in allen Formationen bemerkt geworden, und Regionalmetamorphose erreichte Prehnit- und Pumpellytfazies. Analysen mit Mikrosonden der Relectpyroxenen in den Lagerlaven weisen darauf hin, daß das Stammagma wahrscheinlich Innenplattealkalibasalt war. Analysen der Schuttgranaten zeigen, daß sie sich von den metamorphen Granaten im Unterziehungskomplex auf Grund von Komposition unterscheiden, was darauf hinweist, daß diese dem Vorderbogenbecken keine bedeutende Belieferung von Material beschaffte. Eine nahe Ähnlichkeit mit dem Terrane von Toriesse in Neuseeland wird bemerkt und wir schließen daraus, daß eine spätpalaeozoische - frühmesozoische Vorderbogenbeckenumgebung um den Rand des Pazifiks von Südamerika bis Neuseeland fast ununterbrochen erkannt werden kann.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-09-01
    Description: Contrasting tectonic models for the Highland Border Complex in the Scottish Caledonides view it either as part of the rifted Laurentian margin of the Iapetus Ocean or as an oceanic terrane. Detrital zircon data from sandstones of the complex yield age peaks at 2.8–2.6, 1.3 and 1.1–1.0 Ga and minor peaks at c . 1.7–1.9 Ga. These characteristics compare closely with those of the upper Dalradian Supergroup of the adjacent Grampian terrane, and with the record of eastern Laurentia. The data are also consistent with the Laurentian provenance indicated by palaeontological evidence from the complex, and field evidence for continuity with the Dalradian Supergroup. Detrital ages for the Cambrian Salterella Grit of the Caledonian foreland compare with those for approximately age-equivalent sandstones from the Highland Border Complex. Both were contemporaneous with the regressive Hawke Bay event, accounting for similarities in provenance, and further linking the Highland Border Complex to Laurentia. The Grampian terrane was being uplifted and shedding detritus throughout the Ordovician and Silurian. The absence of this event from the detrital zircon records of either the Midland Valley or Southern Upland terranes suggests that these blocks cannot have been in their current location relative to the Grampian terrane before the end of the Silurian. Supplementary material: The complete analytical dataset and cathodoluminescence images are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18531 .
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-12-04
    Description: Gold-bearing mineral deposits occur over a strike distance of 〉300 km within the Grampian Terrane of Scotland and Ireland. This terrane consists of Neoproterozoic–Lower Ordovician rocks of the Dalradian Supergroup that were polyphase deformed and metamorphosed during the c . 470 Ma Grampian Orogeny. Sulphide-rich Au–Ag deposits occur in Scotland at Calliachar–Urlar Burn, Tombuie, Tyndrum and Cononish, and in Ireland at Curraghinalt (Omagh), Cavanacaw, Croagh Patrick, Cregganbaun and Bohaun. They are hosted by 0.1–6 m thick quartz veins and have a similar overall mineralogy, including native gold, As, Cu, Fe, Pb and Sn sulphides, with hessite, tetrahedrite and electrum present in the first six localities above. The mineralized quartz veins, which are characterized by open-space textures, crystallized at c . 3–5 km depth in the crust. All of the deposits were structurally controlled and, apart from Curraghinalt, occur within second-order Riedel R, R' and T fractures resulting from a regional N–S-trending maximum principal stress. These deposits are of Upper Silurian to Lower Devonian (post-Scandian) age, and are inferred to have crystallized from hot, silica-rich metamorphic fluids derived from dehydration reactions at the greenschist/amphibolite-facies boundary. Curraghinalt is an older, Grampian, thrust-related deposit. Plutonic igneous rocks (mainly granitoid) contributed in part to the fluids, which were channelled into major orogen-parallel, strike-slip faults, to be injected by fault-valve pumping into the damage zones and fault breccias of newly formed Riedel fractures. Any residual fluid probably percolated to the ground surface to form Rhynie chert-type hot-springs.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7568
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5081
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-11-27
    Description: The NE–SW-trending Grampian Fold Belt has anomalous features that set it apart from other belts in the Caledonides. It consists mainly of polyphase-deformed (D1–D4) Neoproterozoic–early Ordovician rocks (Dalradian Supergroup), deposited in a basin that formed behind a microcontinent detached from Laurentia during Iapetus opening. Detailed cross-strike structural traverses through the D1/D2 Tay Nappe in the SW Highlands show that part of the Ligurian-type basin floor (Highland Border Complex) was obducted on to the Laurentian margin prior to orogenesis. On the top limb of the nappe, -porphyroclasts give a top-to-the-SE shear sense for the D1 stretching lineation, whereas D2 microlithons within a zone of non-coaxial strain on the lower limb indicate top-to-the-east. Subduction was initially orthogonal to the Belt but became oblique during D2. Synchroneity at c. 470 Ma of deformation, regional metamorphism, magmatism, termination of sedimentation and formation of the Buchan Block was probably linked to subduction of the spreading ridge. The driving force was NW-directed Andean-type subduction of part of the basin floor, and later of the microcontinental margin. These events caused progressive, diachronous non-coaxial D1–D3 deformation of the hanging wall (Dalradian). Crustal thickening on the SE margin was balanced by thrusting on to the foreland.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
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    Publication Date: 1977-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0008-4077
    Electronic ISSN: 1480-3313
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-04-04
    Print ISSN: 0036-9276
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4951
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2009-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0036-9276
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4951
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
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