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  • 1
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    Magmatism at continental passive margins inferred from Ambient-Noise Phase-velocity in the Gulf of Aden (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-06
    Description: Non-volcanic continental passive margins have traditionally been considered to be tectonically and magmatically inactive once continental breakup has occurred and seafloor spreading has commenced. We use ambient-noise tomography to constrain Rayleigh-wave phase-velocity maps beneath the eastern Gulf of Aden (eastern Yemen and southern Oman). In the crust, we image low velocities beneath the Jiza-Qamar (Yemen) and Ashawq-Salalah (Oman) basins, likely caused by the presence of partial melt associated with magmatic plumbing systems beneath the rifted margin. Our results provide strong evidence that magma intrusion persists after breakup, modifying the composition and thermal structure of the continental margin. The coincidence between zones of crustal intrusion and steep gradients in lithospheric thinning, as well as with transform faults, suggests that magmatism post breakup may be driven by small-scale convection and enhanced by edge-driven flow at the juxtaposition of lithosphere of varying thickness and thermal age. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0954-4879
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-3121
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Upper mantle structure below the European continent: Constraints from surface-wave tomography and GRACE satellite gravity data (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-05
    Description: We here exploit fundamental mode Rayleigh and Love seismic wave information and the high resolution satellite global gravity model GGM02C to obtain a 1° × 1° 3-D image of: (a) upper-mantle isotropic shear-wave speeds; (b) densities; and (c) density-vS coupling below the European plate (20°N–90°N) (40°W–70°E). The 3-D image of the density-vS coupling provides unprecedented detail of information on the compositional and thermal contributions to density structures. The accurate and high-resolution crustal model allows us to compute a reliable residual topography to understand the dynamic implications of our models. The correlation between residual topography and mantle residual gravity anomalies defines three large-scale regions where upper mantle dynamics produce surface expression: the East European Craton; the eastern side of the Arabian Plate; and the Mediterranean Basin. The effects of mantle convection are also clearly visible at: (1) the Eastern Sirt Embayment; (2) the West African Craton northern margins; (3) the volcanically active region of the Canarian Archipelago; (4) the northern edge of the Central European Volcanic Province; and (5) the Northeastern part of the Atlantic Ocean, between Greenland and Iceland. Strong connections are observed among areas of weak radial anisotropy and areas where the mantle dynamics show surface expression. Although both thermal and additional dependencies have been incorporated into the density model, convective down-welling in the mantle below the East European Craton is required to explain the strong correlation between the estimated negative mantle residual anomalies and the negative residual topography.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    EPcrust: a reference crustal model for the European Plate (2011)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-11
    Description: SUMMARY We present a new crustal model for the European Plate, derived from collection and critical integration of information selected from the literature. The model covers the whole European Plate from North Africa to the North Pole (20°N–90°N) and from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to the Urals (40°W–70°E). The chosen parametrization represents the crust in three layers (sediments, upper crust and lower crust), and describes the 3-D geometry of the interfaces and seismologically relevant parameters—isotropic P - and S -wave velocity, plus density—with a resolution of 0.5°× 0.5° on a geographical latitude–longitude grid. We selected global and local models, derived from geological assumptions, active seismic experiments, surface wave studies, noise correlation, receiver functions. Model EPcrust presents significant advantages with respect to previous models: it covers the whole European Plate; it is a complete and internally-consistent model (with all the parameters provided, also for the sedimentary layer); it is reproducible; it is easy to update in the future by adding new contributions; and it is available in a convenient digital format. EPcrust could be used to account for crustal structure in seismic wave propagation modelling at continental scale or to compute linearized crustal corrections in continental scale seismic tomography, gravity studies, dynamic topography and other applications that require a reliable crustal structure. Because of its resolution, our model is not suited for local-scale studies, such as the computation of earthquake scenarios, where more detailed knowledge of the structure is required. We plan to update the model as new data will become available, and possibly improve its resolution for selected areas in the future.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 4
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    Geosciences, Vol. 9, Pages 276: Microstratigraphic Records as Tools for the Detection of Climatic Changes in Tana di Badalucco Cave (Liguria, NW Italy) (2019)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Tana di Badalucco cave is located in Imperia (Liguria, Italy), not far from the French border. This site is scarcely known and it has never been studied accurately, even though different archaeological excavations have returned really important elements, both in the archaeological and the paleoenvironmental aspects. Its stratigraphy ranges from Middle Paleolithic to Metal Ages, thus it has registered important climate and environmental variations specific to the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene. From 2012, the Soprintendenza Archeologia della Liguria, the Museo di Archeologia Ligure, and DiSTAV (University of Genova) have been collaborating in order to finally study this promising and complex stratigraphy, trying to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental context of the region. In this work, we present what we were able to assess thanks to the use of micromorphology, the study of undisturbed thin soil sections. This technique has proven useful in recognizing the alternating of cold and warmer conditions during the Quaternary, as well as in identifying primitive signs of human and animal occupation.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-3263
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by MDPI
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  • 5
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    Magmatism on rift flanks: insights from Ambient-Noise Phase-velocity in Afar region (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-08
    Description: During the breakup of continents in magmatic settings, the extension of the rift valley is commonly assumed to initially occur by border faulting and progressively migrate in space and time towards the spreading axis. Magmatic processes near the rift flanks are commonly ignored. We present phase-velocity maps of the crust and uppermost mantle of the conjugate margins of the southern Red Sea (Afar and Yemen) using ambient noise tomography to constrain crustal modification during breakup. Our images show that the low seismic velocities characterize not only the upper crust beneath the axial volcanic systems, but also both upper and lower crust beneath the rift flanks where ongoing volcanism and hydrothermal activity occur at the surface. Magmatic modification of the crust beneath rift flanks likely occurs for a protracted period of time during the breakup process, and may persist through to early seafloor spreading.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    The crustal structure of South Eastern Europe in the new European Plate reference model (2011)
    European Geoscience Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The new European Plate crustal model (EPcrust) represents a continental-scale, a priori, compilation of current knowledge on the structure of the upper layers of the earth, designed as a large-scale reference for further seismo- logical studies. Here we review some of the contributions used, and test and compare the model in detail for the Carpathians- Pannonian region with orogene, platform and basin structures (Hungary, Romania), Black Sea, Balkan area (Bul- garia, Greece and Turkey) and the western margin of the East European Platform (Ukraina). We specifically address thickness of sediments, Moho depth and Vp in upper and lower crust, and run comparisons with local compila- tions and individual studies mostly deriving from analysis of active source experiments. Among the most notable features in this region are Moho depths below the Carpathians range, generally between 32 and 37 km (but with some reported values as high as 45 km), and consolidated sediments in the Black Sea reaching thickness from 3 to 12 km. We compare maps and profiles based on the EPcrust model (cristalline basement and Moho surfaces) along great-circle cross-sections across the major tectonic structures in the SE Europe such as Pannonian-Carpathians system, with extension to the E in the East European Platform, from Balkans to the Black Sea or in the south from Greece towards Turkey. Along the profiles the local crustal parameters are mentioned as they were provided by local studies in each area.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: crustal structure ; Eastern Alps ; moho depth ; seismic profile ; continental crust ; crustal model
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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