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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Springer, (3rd edit., 1968)
    In:  Berlin, Springer, (3rd edit., 1968), vol. 231, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Publication Date: 1924
    Keywords: Textbook of mathematics ; Textbook of physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The local expansion rate of the Universe is parametrized by the Hubble constant, 〈f〉〈/f〉, the ratio between recession velocity and distance. Different techniques lead to inconsistent estimates of 〈f〉〈/f〉. Observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe) can be used to measure 〈f〉〈/f〉, but this requires an external calibrator to convert relative distances to absolute ones. We use the angular diameter distance to strong gravitational lenses as a suitable calibrator, which is only weakly sensitive to cosmological assumptions. We determine the angular diameter distances to two gravitational lenses, 〈f〉〈/f〉 and 〈f〉〈/f〉 megaparsec, at redshifts 〈f〉〈/f〉 and 〈f〉〈/f〉. Using these absolute distances to calibrate 740 previously measured relative distances to SNe, we measure the Hubble constant to be 〈f〉〈/f〉 kilometers per second per megaparsec.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 97 (1927), S. 243-250 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 98 (1928), S. 1-30 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 83 (1921), S. 161-172 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 18 (1930), S. 959-963 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Elevated CO2 ; Model photosynthesis ; Ecosystem tundra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The response of tussock tundra to elevated atmospheric concentrations of CO2 was measured at Toolik Lake, Alaska in the summer of 1983. Computer-controlled greenhouses were used to determine diurnal ecosystem flux of CO2 under four treatments: 340 ppm, 510 ppm, and 680 ppm CO2, as well as 680 ppm CO2 with a four degree centrigrade increase in temperature. For the seven days of data analyzed, net daily CO2 flux was significantly different between treatments. Net uptake was positively correlated with CO2 concentration in the chamber and negatively correlated with temperature. A nonlinear model was used to analyze this data set and to determine some of the reasons for different net CO2 flux. This model allowed an estimation of light utilization efficiency, total conductance of CO2, and a comparable measure of total respiration. From this analysis we conclude that nutrient limitations in the arctic decrease the capacity of tundra plants to make use of elevated CO2 concentrations. The plants respond by decreasing conductance in the presence of elevated CO2, which results in approximately equal gross uptake rates for the three CO2 treatments. Apparent changes in system respiration result in higher net uptake under elevated CO2 but this may be due to biases in the data. The treatment with increased temperature exhibited higher conductances and, consequently, higher gross uptake of CO2 than the other treatments. Higher temperatures, however, also increase respiration with the result being lower net uptake than would be expected in the absence of temperature inscreases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 51 (1981), S. 14-18 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A mathematical analysis of the changes in plant relative growth rates necessary to increase aboveground production following grazing was conducted. The equation derived gives an isoline where production of a grazed and ungrazed plant will be the same. The equation has four variables (mean shoot relative growth rate, change in relative growth rate after grazing, grazing intensity, and recovery time) and may be analyzed graphically in a number of ways. Under certain conditions, small increases in shoot relative growth rate following grazing will lead to increased aboveground production. Under other conditions, very large increases in relative growth rate after grazing can occur without production being increased over that of ungrazed plants. Plants growing at nearly their maximum potential relative growth rate have little opportunity to respond positively to grazing and potentially can sustain less grazing than plants with growth rates far below maximum. Plants with high relative growth rates at the time of grazing require large increases in growth rate while slow growing plants require only small increases. High grazing intensities are least likely to increase production and high grazing frequencies require greater responses than infrequent grazing events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 41 (1998), S. 277-291 
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: hydrology ; methylmercury ; model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A simple, catchment-scale, cascade model was used toassess the importance of sinks and sources ofmethylmercury (MeHg) in a boreal catchment thatcontains a forested upland, a lowland peatland and asmall lake. The three compartment model was run usingrealistic flow rates and atmospheric loading of MeHg,and the model was constrained by observedconcentrations of MeHg in each compartment. Assumingno internal sinks and sources of MeHg, modelledcatchment yields showed reasonable agreement withfield observation, but the predicted internal MeHgconcentrations in each compartment were implausible. Only when sources and sinks of MeHg are added to thethree compartments do MeHg-pool concentrations fallinto the range of those measured in the field. Tomaintain both catchment-scale and compartment-scalecontinuity, the upland and peatland were net sourcesof MeHg (0.0007 and 0.1065 mg ha-1 d-1respectively), and the lake a net sink (-0.2215 mgha-1 d-1). These source/sink rates are 1.73,259 and -539 times the input of MeHg via wetprecipitation input for the modelled ice-free season. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the volume ofrunoff delivered to the peatland by the upland area,peatland size and porewater MeHg concentration in thepeatland are important controls on catchment MeHgyield, and that contemporary atmospheric deposition ofMeHg is insignificant compared to the sources of MeHgwithin the catchment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Saliva ; bison ; Bison bison ; Avena sativa ; oats ; Cucumus sativus ; cucumber ; Avena coleoptile ; indoleacetic acid ; plant growth regulator ; herbivore
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A series of laboratory bioassays were utilized to test for the presence of potential plant growth factors in saliva from a large native ungulate, the North American bison (Bison bison L.). Whole saliva enhancedAvena coleoptile growth at high pH, whether alone or in combination with indoleacetic acid (IAA). However, this enhancement was a result of salts in the saliva (primarily NaHCO3) rather than of other compounds acting hormonally, enhancing IAA activity, or inhibiting IAA oxidase activity as possibly occurs with some insect salivas. Additionally, the absence of detectable cytokinins in the saliva was indicated by its failure to enhance cucumber cotyledon expansion. This suggests that biochemical control of plant growth by salivary compounds following grazing is probably not an important component of this ruminant's interactions with its food plants, as has been suggested for some herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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