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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was conducted to determine physico-chemical characteristics of water and their spatial and temporal fluctuations in the Mazandaran coastal of Caspian Sea in 6 months, four seasons at 4 transects (Tonekabon, Nowshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad) during 2012-2013. 72 samples were collected at surface layer of water in 5, 15 and 30m depths. Then the sampls analyzed based on standard methods. Results showed that the mean of water and air temperature were 19.46±0.85 and 20.25±0.78 ◦C, respectively. Minimum and maximum of water temperature were recorded in winter (7.00) and summer time (28.10). Mean of salinity was 12.35±0.13 ppt. The maximum salinity was recorded in summer and minimum in winter in all transects. Mean of transparency (SD) in the present study was 2.63±0.18m. The mean of pH was observed 8.51±0.02 which was higher than the pervious sampling periods. The mean of DO was observed 6.00±0.07 ml/l during sampling period. Annual concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN= NH4 +, NO2-, NO3-) has a fairly wide variation in diferents months and transects. Percentage of nitrogen components out of DIN were varied 6-53, 0.14-26.0 and 37.0-94.0 respectively. In this study, percentage of DIN was lower than 15% and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was higher than 80%. Mean of annual dissolved inorganic phosphorous (DIP) and organic phosphorous were 0.58± 0.04 and 0.48± 0.02 µM, respectively. DIP and DOP percentages recorded 54 and 46 respectively. Mean annual of dissolved silicon (DSi) obtained 9.5± 0.2 µM. Based on the results, the system was in phosphorus limitation during spring and summer but it shifted to nitrogen limitation in autuman and winter. Phytoplankton development was not limited by DSi at any seasons.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Physicochemical parameters ; Nutrients ; Samples ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Transparency ; pH ; Dissolved inorganic nitrogen ; Phytoplankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 70pp.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A sharp decline in natural population of Caspian brown trout lead to implementing of restocking program in Iran. Along the stock recovery program, the artificial production of this species has been attracted too much attention in recent years. The objective of the study is to assess the effects of protein and energy levels of diet on fish performance, growth efficiency of Caspian brown trout in order to develop a proper diet for production of this species. Six experimental diets were formulated by replacing casein as a pure protein source with fat as an energy source in the diets according to a 3×2 factorial design. The diet was assigned to 18 tanks with 50 fish each, with three replicated for each diet. The experiment was conducted for 8-weeks with Caspian brown trout with an initial body weight of around 7 g. Caspian brown trout demonstrated a better FCR and a larger SGR at lower protein levels (45 and 50%) in comparison to high protein level (55%; P〈0.05). Protein efficiency ratio improved by a decrease in protein content of the diet (P〈0.05), but energy content of diets does not affect any growth related parameter such as FCR, SGR and PER. There was also no interaction between protein and energy levels in the growth related parameters, suggesting the effect of protein on the growth parameters in Caspian brown trout did not depend on energy levels of diet. In conclusion diet containing 50% protein can support the maximum growth. High dietary energy level of the diet dose in cooperate in protein sparing effect.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Caspian brown trout ; Artificial production ; Growth ; Diet ; Protein ; Energy ; Weight ; FCR ; SGR ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 40pp.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Marine aquacultures growth require good quality water is leading to high efficiency and low risk to human health. In other words, the water quality is a critical factor to success and failure of the aquaculture industry. The aim of this project is to study water quality and the trophic status at the different depths and layers in the southern Caspian Sea based on environmental parameters and nutrients during three periods (2008, 2009 and 2010-2011) in order the feasibility of fish cage. Results showed that water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen were varied 5.50-32.60 ̊C, 3.50- 10.00 m, 7.15-8.80 and 3.18-12.00 mg/l at the different depths and layers, respectively. In addition, The values of NH4+, NH3, NO2-, NO3- and PO4-3 were 0.001-0.140 mg/l, 0.01-22.63 µg/l, 0.1-21.2 µg/l, 0.001-0.423 mg/l and 0.008-0.071 mg/l, respectively. Inorganic nitrogen (DIN/N), inorganic phosphorous (DIP/P) and total phosphorous (TP) were registerd 0.68-14.75, 0.07-0.68 and 0.01-2.67 µM, respectively. Thermal startification are more important for fish-breeding. Thermal stratification was occurred from depths greater than 20 m in late spring to early fall in the Caspian Sea. Optimum transparency for fish farming cage was considered less than 5 meter which in this study were recorded from 20 to 50 meter depths. The range of the standard of pH and dissolved oxygen for fish farming cage were 7.80-8.50 and 〉5 mg /l that in current study results of pH and dissolved oxygen were consistent.Various forms of nitrogen (ammonium, nitrite and nitrate ) at the different layers were acceptable and less than the threshold limit of Australia and New Zealand. But, phosphate value was more than threshold limit of Australia and New Zealand at some layers depth during years of 2009 and 2010- 2011. The results of the nutrients compared with data from the reference year (1996-1996 ) in the Caspian Sea was shown that this ecosystem passed oligotrophic status and shifted to mezotrophic and eutrophic condition. In addition, the values of NH4/N, NO3/N and DIP/P compared with eutrophic condition of reference year (2005) showed that Caspian ecosystem was not passed euotrophic condition and it still under mezotrophic status. As a conclusion, it seems that offshore of the Caspian Sea (depths between 20 to 50 meter) were suitable for different species of fish for cage culture. But, since 2000 decayds the Caspian Sea has experienced four times algal bloom (toxic and harmful species) and in recent years a number of other species also has reached to bloom potential and also mezotrophic condition of this ecosystem, it is appropriate that the establishment of fish farming cages carried out as a pilot to more precautionary approach which not lead to environmental disaster.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters ; Water ; Fish cage culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 54pp.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study lusiferse gene extracted from Vibrio fischeri. V. fischeri strain was kindly provided by Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST). Genomic DNA extraction was carried out by Phenol-chloroform. A DNA fragment encoding the luxA and LuxB was amplified by PCR using sense and antisense primers, specific restriction sites for BamH1 and Kpn1 were introduced into 5´ end of forward and reverse primer, respectively. The PCR product was purified from agarose gel and ligated into cleaved PT257R cloning vector. Following the confirmation of the cloned Luciferase transformed into E. coli. Recombinant clones were confirmed by specific PCR and restriction enzyme digestion analysis. The luxA and LuxB fragment was released subcloned in to the PcDNA3.1\hug and PcDNA3.1\neo expression vectors, respectively. recombinant plasmid was confirmed through restriction digestion using BamH1 and Kpn1 enzymes and subsequently, transformation procedure continued into NIH3T3 eukaryote cells by specific kit. Luminescence ability of recombinant clones was tested by NIH3T3 cells and dechanal (substrate) and Neomysin and hygromysin. The results showed that luminescence start after 2 hours and then increase after 6 hours. Inaddition, the protein identity was verified by western blot analysis, the protein bands 76 kD were detected. , which indicates protein expression of luxB, luxA.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Lusifrase ; Vibrio fischeri ; Transfer gene ; DNA ; Lusiferase gene ; Investihation ; Genetic ; Cyprins carpio ; Rutilus frisii kutum
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 58pp.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Recently, the development of aquaculture has focused on the use of seawater, because of freshwater crisis in the world. Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) is one of the most important species for aquaculture development, because of tolerance and adaptation to different ecological conditions. One of the advantages of species in aquaculture, compatibility status is dense in the rearing period. In this study, the effect of different densities (45/m2 , 50/m2 , 55/m2 and 60/m2 ), of primary stock whiteleg shrimp postlarvae (PL12) on the growth and survival rate were evaluated. Brackish water (10.52±0.43 ppt) was providing from Caspian Sea. The experiments were performed in 12 circular concrete pond with a sandy bed (area: 78m2 ) in four treatments and three replications for each treatment. The experiments performed in a 75-day period. In this study, the water temperature was 27.4±1.79°C. The results showed statistically difference in growth parameters and survival rate among experimental treatments (Duncan test, P〈0.05). Therefore, with high levels of density, has decreased the amount of weight gain and survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR) and average daily growth (ADG). In addition, the treatments were different variations of FCR (P〈0.05) and not depend on the primary stock density of postlarvae. In low density (45/m2 ) were observed the highest growth (SGR=11±0.04 and ADG=0.25±0.01 gr/day/ind.), survival rate and calculate the amount of production per 78m2 equal 43.6±3.3kg (5596±433kg/ha). Therefore, It is possibility that there is commonly increasing primary stocking of density about L. Vannamei postlarvae culture in Iran.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecological ; White shrimp ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Brackish water ; Growth ; Survival ; Aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 34pp.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Some haematological variables including Red Blood Cells (RBC), White Blood Cells (WBC) differential counts, Haemoglobin (Hb), Haematorite (HCT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were measured in 90 stellate sturgeon juveniles Acipenser stellatus (1-2 years old) and 90 Persian sturgeons Acipenser persicus (1-2 years old) at different water temperature 10-15C, 16-20?C and 21-25C. Also these parameters were evaluated in 84 adult including A. persicus (54 samples) and A. stellatus (30 samples) collected from Caspian Sea during spring and autumn 1997. The results have showed that WBC differential counts, Hb, HCT, MCV and MCH were identical for both species at the mentioned water temperatures. However, the values for RBC of A. persicus were generally less than those of A. stellatus. These haematological factors relatively increased with the water temperature increasing. Although RBC and WBC values of A. persicus were less than those of A. stellatus. The rates for HCT, MCV and MCH were higher in A. persicus.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Acipenceridae ; Haematology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.53-60
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Diazinon is commonly used for pest control in the agricultural fields in north of Iran. This study was conducted to determine the chronic toxicity of organophosphorous pesticide (Diazinon) in vaccinated fish and its effects on some hematological parameters and biochemical blood plasma profiles of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).This experiment was carried out in three groups. The first group was vaccinated and exposed to diazinon (group A) while the second group was vaccinated and bathed with PBS bath (group B). The remaining fish were used as unvaccinated fish and were kept in clean water separately (group C). Diazinon was applied at concentrations of 2 mg/L for 12 hours since the experiments were initiated. The experimental groups(A and B) showed significantly lower values (p 〈 0.05) of erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content, haematocrit, leucocytes, Lymphocyte, myelocyte and monocyte, as well as in alkaline phosphatases, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and, lactate dehydrogenase compared to the control group(C). Values of MCV, MCH and MCHC of experimental species (A and B) were compared to the control group(C). The results of examinations of the biochemical blood plasma profile indicate a marked neurotoxic effect of diazinon in fishes. Changes in values of both erythrocyte and leukocyte profile after exposure to diazinon-based preparation may be referred to disruption of haematopoiesis as well as to a decrease on non-specific immunity of the fish.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; Diazinon ; Organophosphorous pesticide ; Grass Carp ; Hematological parameters ; Biochemical ; Blood ; Serum
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.12-23
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper aimed to investigate the fishery and biological characteristics of anchovy Kilka in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea from 2005-2007, including length and age structure ,Von Bertalanffy growth parameters, length and age at first capture, condition factor, sex ratio, natural and fishing mortality. The examination of catch data approved that Kilka population in the Caspian Sea have been declined a few years ago following entrance jellyfish Ctenophora Mnemiopsis leidyi. The greatest destruction of anchovy kilka catch was occurred while the catch of anchovy from 4250 tonnes in 2005 reached to 924 tonnes in 2007. The results showed that K value and L∞ calculated 0.375/year, 131.7mm, respectively. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality was estimated 0.49/year.The instantaneous coefficient of fishing mortality and total mortality was 0.51 /year and 1/year, respectively. The Exploitation rate was calculated as 0.51. The length and age ranges restricted comparison to last decade and sharply decreased recruitment. In the past few years, the main reasons of disintegrates among anchovy Kilka stocks in the Caspian Sea were synchronized overfishing competitive anchovy Kilka with M. leidyi.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Stock assessment ; Clupeonella engrauliformis ; Age ; Growth ; Sex ratio ; Overfishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.796-806
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Limnologicalstudyof SabalanrunoffDamfor aquaculturecold water fish was conducted in sixtimesat fourstationsfrom JulytoDecember2009.Averageminimumandmaximumparametersmeasuredindifferentstationswere included water temperature, dissolved Oxygen, total hardness, electrical conductivity, pH, BOD5, COD,TDS, NH4, NO2, NO3, PO4, TN, TP, SiO2, respectively (10/3 ± 9/5-14 ± 8/7° C), (9 ± 1/2-11/4 ±2/1 mg/liter), (367 ± 19/8-381 ± 17/8mg/liter), (0/95 ± 0/07-1/05 ± 0/07 mz/cm), (8/3 ± 0/1-8/4 ± 0/1), (3 / 3 ± 1/14-3/88 ± 0/71mg/ liter), (15/5 ± 3/1-16/3 ± 3 mg/liter), (0/48 ± 0/04-0/54 ± 0/06mg/ liter), (0/08 ± 0/02-0/13 ± 0/07 mg/liter), (0/004 ± 0/003- 0/05 ± 0/1 mg/ liter), (0/6 ± 0/2-0/64 ± 0/29 mg/ liter), (0/19 ± 0/07-0/22 ± 0/07 mg/ liter), (10/48 ± 0/6-10/98 ± 0/54mg/liter), (0/39 ± 0/11-0/44 ± 0/18 mg/liter), and(9/9 ±0/6-11/1 ± 1/4 mg/liter). Averageminimumandmaximumof water heavy metalswas included of Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cuand Ni respectively was measured as ND(No Deliver), ND, ND- 0/242, ND- 1/075, ND- 0/018andND- 0/014inmg/ liter. Alsoamong the16organochlorinecompoundsmeasuredthehighestamount of was belonged totoxinHexachlorine Benzene (1/5 mg/ liter). The results of theanalysis ofwater quality parametersshowed that parametersexcept ofCOD, TDS, PO4, TP, Zn, Fe andwater temperature, otherparametersdo not haveany restrictions foraquaculturecold waterfishin therunoffDam. Based on data results it was noticed that there was temperature restriction up to November at downstream and station 2 showed less temperature fluctuation and more suitable condition compared to other stations. BOD5 value was within the allowable range for growing trout, in which station 2 somewhat with lower volatility of value had the most suitable BOD5 condition.In the present study, the amount of TDS in the study area was somewhat higher than the limitation and since TDS values increased with distance from the dam, therefore station 2 had somewhat better conditions for fish farming.In addition the amount of EC in the study area, indicating the inappropriateness of it for various activities in the fisheries.Although none of the stations in terms of the amount of phosphorus didn't show favorable conditions for rainbow trout fish propagation, it appears between the researches stations, station 2 had the most favorable terms.The results of this study (regardless of the unseen), it seems that in August and September; Zn had overestimated value for cold fish propagation. Recent study showed that among heavy metals, Fe in water, sediments and fish was over limitation value. Also, Fe value was measured of 1.08 at station 4, which showed over normal value for cold fish propagation. Therefore, station 2 at downstream seemed to have suitable cold fish propagation due to lower Fe value. On the based on the recent study, planktonic biological index did not endorse water quality for fish propagation. In this study, aquatic plant such as Potamogetonpectinatus and Pheragmitiesaustraliswas found at water of higher and somehow polluted organic matter. Probably, based on the results it was noticed that downstream water of dam was polluted to organic matter. At the recent study, resisted maroinvertebrates to organic matter (Chironomidae) was consisted noticeable frequency compared to other sensitive invertebrates to organic matter (EPT).Statistically, it can be expressed that probably organic pollution resulted to increase of resistance invertebrates and decreased of sensitive groups. In recent study, EPT/CHIR index was measured 0.6 in station 2 and 1.74 in station 4. This ration was less to many other mountain rivers. As ETP sensitive invertebrates has higher sensitive to other groups with the regards of environmental condition and pollution, unpredicted increase of Chironomidae compare to sensitive groups resulted of EPT/CHIR value which showed environmental stress. In this study, HFBI index was measured as 7.49 at station 2 and 7 in station4. Based on HFBI index, station 2 was classified as a high organic pollution and station 4 with noticeable organic pollution. At the recent study, station 2 was catch more fish to station4. For instance, Squaliuscephalus and Alburnoides bpinctatuswere catch in station 2 and were not found in station 4. As a whole, Biologicalindicators whichwas includedPlanktonBioindicator, EPT / CHIR. ,HilsenhoffBiologicalIndicator, diversityanddistribution ofaquaticplantsandfish, showed water situation inrunoffDamrich inorganic matter. Finally, thestudy areawasapprovedfor fish farmabout 50tons and needs managementarrangementswiththeincreasedproduction rate.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Water quality parameters ; Heavy metals ; Toxins ; Plankton ; Macrobenthic ; Fishes ; BiologicalIndex ; Limnological aquaculturefishcold water
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 66pp.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Babolroud River is one of the important rivers for fisheries and environmental aspect that locared in center part of Mazandaran province. The river has a span of 92 km starting from Albourz mountainous and end up at the southern part of Caspian Sea. This study was done for five months (3rd Feb. through 5th July, 2008) for the better understanding of pollution situation such as organophosphorous, organochlorine pesticides and agrochemical fertilizer that drainage from paddy fields and horticultures to the river. A total of three main sites for pesticides and plus five sub-sites for drainage were selected for observation in three different regions of the river (mountainous, plain and estuary). The organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides measured by GC (ECD and TSD detectors) with US-EPA (508) and AOAC procedure and agrochemical fertilizer parameters were measured by ASTM method. The maximum concentrations of aldrin, lindane, heptachlor epoxyde, DDE and β- BHC (period 1), δ- BHC and endrin (peiod 2), heptachlor and DDT (period 3), α- BHC (period 3 & 4), dieldrin (period 4) were 6.02, 0.85, 0.51, 0.50, 0.22, 0.35, 0.23, 0.50, 0.46, 0.19 and 0.16 µg/l, respectively. The maximum concentrations of four components of organophosphorous such as Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos (period 1), Malathion (period 2), Azinphos methyl (period 3) were 1.36, 0.46, 0.44 and 2.56 µg/l, respectively. The maximum amounts of tree components of parameters of agrochemichals fertilizers indictor such as total nitrogen (period 2, sub-site 5), total phosphorus and orthophosphate (period 4, sub-site 5) and organo-phosphorus (period 3, sub-site 4) were 5990, 1290, 1220 and 336 µg/l, respectively. The maximum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides components in sediments of the river such as lindane (period 2, site 2), δ- BHC (period 1 site 3), α- endosulfan (period 1, site 2), endrin and heptachlor epoxide (period 2, site 2) and DDE (period 2, site 1) were 0.99 0.54, 0.29, 0.19 and 0.19 µg/l, respectively. The maximum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides components in fish tissue of the river such as endosulfan sulfate, lindane, endrin, δ- BHC and DDE were 0.32, 0.29 0.27, 0.25 and 0.21 µg/l, respectively.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Environmental ; Agrochemicals ; Organochlorine ; Organophosphorus Pesticids ; Pollutants ; River Fish ; Sediments ; Pesticides ; Fertilizers ; Fisheries ; α- endosulfan
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 81pp.
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