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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was aimed to gain knowledge on the ontogeny of digestive enzymes in common carp larvae at the governmental Warm water Fish Aquaculture Center of Shahid Rajaee in Sari, Mazandaran, Iran. The ontogenetic development of pancreatic (trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase and α-amylase) and intestinal (alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase-N) enzymes were assessed in common carp larvae from first feeding (3 days post hatching) to 33 days post hatching (dph). The larvae started to feed on rotifers at day 3 to day 7. Feeding on a commercial diet was started from day-8 onwards. Specific trypsin and chymotrypsin activities feed with rotifer were 0.011 U/mg protein and 0.003 U/mg protein at day 7, respectively then the specific activities feed with dry food reached a maximum level at 33 dph (0.028 U/mg protein and 0.028 U/mg protein, respectively) (P〈0.05) compared to live prey. The elevated alkaline proteases activity can be related to adaptation of larvae to digest protein content in the food. Specific lipase activity was 0.0006 U/mg protein at 7 dph then the activity feed with dry food reached a maximum level at 15 dph (0.0011 U/mg protein) (P〈0.05) compared to live prey. Specific α-amylase activity feed with rotifer was 85.86 U/mg protein on the 7 dph consequently, its specific activity reached a maximum level at 15 dph (128.77 U/mg protein) (P〈0.05). Specific alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase N activities feed with rotifer were 6 U/mg protein and 0.0106 U/mg protein at day 7, respectively then the specific activities feed with dry food reached a maximum level at 33 dph (28.66 U/mg protein and 0.58 U/mg protein, respectively) (P〈0.05) compared to live prey.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Cyprinus carpio ; Common carp ; Pancreatic enzymes ; Larval growth ; Digestive enzymes ; Ontogeny ; Enzymes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.320-334
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wild common carp of the Caspian Sea is one of the important fish in the north of Iran, which has been introduced to inland aquaculture. Its genetic characteristics are investigated to set up for breeding programs that are still unknown. Using wild common carp in aquaculture is limited for uncontrolled variation in performance of fish derived from undomesticated breeders. A 7×7 factorial mating design was employed to examine genetic effects of dam and sire on growth and heritability of growth-related traits based on dam half-sib and sire half-sib families. Breeders were obtained originally from the Caspian Sea. A total of 1470 offspring were raised in 49 separate fiberglass tanks with common conditions. Body weight and length were recorded at three different ages of rearing. Estimation of heritability of weights ranged from 0.23±0.05 to 0.30±0.07 for dams and ranged from 0.15±0.03 to 0.26±0.04 for sire. Similar results were obtained with length but with less variation (0.24±0.02 to 0.26±0.01 for dams and 0.20±0.02 to 0.22±0.03 for sire). The broad-sense of weight and length are 0.23±0.04 and 0.23±0.01 respectively. The dam and sire effect on growth were significant, indicating the presence of variations among the native fish of the Caspian Sea. Therefore, it is suggested to use a length for selection that is more reliable and less affected by environment than weight at any time of growth and in respect of high phenotypic correlation (0.87-0.95) observed between weight and length. In the present study we even used wild common carp and the heritability was not higher than the domesticated common carp. It means the genetic variation for quantitative traits, for common carp of the Caspian Sea are low or it may be under pressure of inbreeding which should be studied further.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Cyprinus carpio L. ; Common carp ; Heritability ; Genetic Parameter ; Juvenile ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.740-748
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Body composition and fatty acid profile of the body tissue of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) fish larvae were determined from fertilized egg to 50 days post hatching (dph). Feeding with rotifer started from day 3 to day 7 thereafter they were fed with dry food until the end of the experiment. The changes observed in lipid content and the decrease in lipid levels during larval ontogeny reflect the utilization and mobilization of lipids during both embryogenesis and larvae development. During this study, palmitic and stearic acids were the most abundant saturated fatty acid (SAFA).In kutum larvae, no utilization of palmitic and stearic acids was observed until 20 dph. It thereafter was utilized as an energy source. Oleic and palmitoleic cacids were the predominant monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Oleic and palmitoleic acids utilized until 10 and 25 dph, respectively thereafter they increased. DHA, EPA and ARA were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The decrease in levels of DHA and EPA denotes their utilization as an energy substrate by kutum larvae. ARA decreased during larval ontogeny, reflecting dietary values. With regard to reared kutum larvae in fresh water and the low levels of HUFA in larval diet, it can be said that kutum larvae possibly are quite capable of elongating and desaturating C18 to C20 PUFA. In case of proximate analysis, the percentage of body protein and ash increased trend during ontogeny while the percentage of body lipid and moisture decreased trend during larval growth.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Physiology ; Caspian Kutum ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Fatty acids ; SAFA ; MUFA ; PUFA ; Composition ; Larval ; Body composition
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.365-383
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  • 4
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22693 | 18721 | 2018-05-16 17:55:10 | 22693 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Body composition and fatty acid profile of the body tissue of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) fish larvae were determined from fertilized egg to 50 days post hatching (dph). Feeding with rotifer started from day 3 to day 7 thereafter they were fed with dry food until the end of the experiment. The changes observed in lipid content and the decrease in lipid levels during larval ontogeny reflect the utilization and mobilization of lipids during both embryogenesis and larvae development. During this study, palmitic and stearic acids were the most abundant saturated fatty acid (SAFA). In kutum larvae, no utilization of palmitic and stearic acids was observed until 20 dph. It thereafter was utilized as an energy source. Oleic and palmitoleic cacids were the predominant monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Oleic and palmitoleic acids utilized until 10 and 25 dph, respectively thereafter they increased. DHA, EPA and ARA were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The decrease in levels of DHA and EPA denotes their utilization as an energy substrate by kutum larvae. ARA decreased during larval ontogeny, reflecting dietary values. With regard to reared kutum larvae in fresh water and the low levels of HUFA in larval diet, it can be said that kutum larvae possibly are quite capable of elongating and desaturating C18 to C20 PUFA. In case of proximate analysis, the percentage of body protein and ash increased trend during ontogeny while the percentage of body lipid and moisture decreased trend during larval growth.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; fatty acid ; SAFA ; MUFA ; PUFA ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 365-383
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  • 5
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22479 | 18721 | 2018-04-13 08:58:21 | 22479 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Wild common carp of the Caspian Sea is one of the important fish in the north of Iran, which has been introduced to inland aquaculture. Its genetic characteristics are investigated to set up for breeding programs that are still unknown. Using wild common carp in aquaculture is limited for uncontrolled variation in performance of fish derived from undomesticated breeders. A 7×7 factorial mating design was employed to examine genetic effects of dam and sire on growth and heritability of growth-related traits based on dam half-sib and sire half-sib families. Breeders were obtained originally from the Caspian Sea. A total of 1470 offspring were raised in 49 separate fiberglass tanks with common conditions. Body weight and length were recorded at three different ages of rearing. Estimation of heritability of weights ranged from 0.23±0.05 to 0.30±0.07 for dams and ranged from 0.15±0.03 to 0.26±0.04 for sire. Similar results were obtained with length but with less variation (0.24±0.02 to 0.26±0.01 for dams and 0.20±0.02 to 0.22±0.03 for sire). The broad-sense of weight and length are 0.23±0.04 and 0.23±0.01 respectively. The dam and sire effect on growth were significant, indicating the presence of variations among the native fish of the Caspian Sea. Therefore, it is suggested to use a length for selection that is more reliable and less affected by environment than weight at any time of growth and in respect of high phenotypic correlation (0.87-0.95) observed between weight and length. In the present study we even used wild common carp and the heritability was not higher than the domesticated common carp. It means the genetic variation for quantitative traits, for common carp of the Caspian Sea are low or it may be under pressure of inbreeding which should be studied further.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Caspian Sea ; Common carp ; Heritability ; Genetic Parameter ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 740-748
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