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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 22 (1960), S. 499-524 
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 264 (1976), S. 408-411 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Acoustic sounder observations of thunderstorm density currents reveal a complicated but ordered internal structure. Fast-response anemometers on a 150-m tower reveal a succession of internal shear layers which occur following the leading portion or nose of the current. The measured wind shear ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 26 (1983), S. 141-155 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Acoustic sounder and tower data obtained at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) are used to examine several features of the wave and turbulence structure associated with a disturbed nocturnal inversion. General features, including mean fields and Richardson number, for the case selected for this study are presented. Spectral analysis of the tower data reveals a separation of energy into wavelike and turbulent fluctuations. Analysis of the heat flux, however, shows upward counter-gradient fluxes in the vicinity of a low-level jet and near the top of the inversion. Cospectral analysis shows that the major contribution to the upward heat flux occurs at frequencies that would normally be considered characteristic of waves. In some cases, the upward flux is associated with a phase shift between vertical velocity w and fluctuating temperature θ different from the quadrature relation that would be expected of internal waves. Time series analysis reveals that these unexpected positive fluxes occur in relatively short bursts. Analysis of time series of θ and w in other cases, as well as inspection of acoustic sounder records, shows that sometimes such upward fluxes can result from a combination of wave motion and horizontal temperature advection. In this case the advection is associated with a shallow cold front.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 42 (1988), S. 207-228 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We examine methods for the interpretation of sodar facsimile records obtained in the study of complex terrain flows. Acoustic scattering theory is presented first and then interpreted using a simpolified second-order turbulence closure scheme. The use of this theory suggests the strong sensitivity of acoustic scatter to changes in the wind shear. With this introduction, detailed sodar facsimile records, temperature and wind profiles, and model calculations follow. Characteristic scattering patterns are described for simple drainage jets, complex basin flows, convection with a capping inversion, stratus, and dynamical instabilities. Examples are also shown of bistatic facsimile records detailing the strong temporal and spatial variability in small-scale turbulence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 40 (1987), S. 363-392 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Acoustic sounders have now been used extensively in a series of noctural drainage flow experiments carried out by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain (ASCOT) program. Doppler acoustic sounders, located in three different valleys during the sequence of experiments, reveal drainage-wind profiles that depend strongly on the ambient meteorological conditions and the elevation of each observing site relative to surrounding terrain. In elevated sites that drain easily, Doppler-sounder derived wind profiles show a simply-structured flow; in lower lying areas, subject to topographic constriction and cold-air pooling, and where Archimedean forces are comparable to those due to synoptic and mesoscale pressure gradients, the wind profiles show considerable vertical and temporal variation. In particular, in the Geysers area of northern California, the seabreeze and the depth of the Pacific Coast marine inversion affect not only the initiation of drainage winds but also their subsequent evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 78 (1996), S. 321-349 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The role of ground-based remote sensors in boundary-layer research is reviewed, emphasizing the contributions of radars, sodars, and lidars. The review begins with a brief comparison of the state of remote sensors in boundary-layer research 25 years ago with its present-day status. Next, a summary of the current capabilities of remote sensors for boundary-layer studies demonstrates that for boundary-layer depth and for profiles of many mean quantities, remote sensors offer some of the most accurate measurements available. Similar accuracies are in general not found for most turbulence parameters. Important contributions of remote sensors to our understanding of the structure and dynamics of various boundary-layer phenomena or processes are then discussed, including the sea breeze, convergence boundaries, dispersion, and boundary-layer cloud systems. The review concludes with a discussion of the likely future role of remote sensors in boundary-layer research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 43 (1988), S. 15-41 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an analysis of nocturnal drainage flows in a mountainous coastal environment where the elevation of the terrain is comparable with the elevation of the marine temperature inversion. The analysis traces the initiation, evolution, and breakup of the drainage flow using acoustic sounder facsimile data and tethered sonde measurements of wind and temperature. Conditions addressed include (1) opposing seabreeze flow ranging from 2 to 8m s-1, (2) aiding flow, and (3) large-scale and drainage-induced subsidence. The effect of deep marine temperature inversions pervades the observations, as seen in deeper, more stratified echo layers, weaker drainage, and delayed destruction of the inversion in the morning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 52 (1995), S. 27-42 
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The study investigates two effects that a valley or canyon opening onto a plain can have on flow and contaminant dispersion over the downwind plain. The first effect is the channeling of strong ambient flow by the canyon when the wind is nearly aligned with the canyon axis. Two cases showed that these conditions produced a region of focused flow downwind of the canyon mouth. The second effect is the formation of canyon exit jets on nights with weaker ambient flow. In two case studies under these conditions strong exit jets formed that were several hundred meters deep. The jets remained narrow and strong at least 10 km onto the plains, and in one of the cases the jet extended more than 20 km over the plains. These deep jets only lasted 2–3 h, and they had a small but significant effect on surface-released tracer transport as indicated by surface sampling. We hypothesize that the near-surface advection of tracer was accomplished by a thin katabatic layer of flow, and that an elevated release or elevated sampling would have indicated a greater effect of the exit jet on tracer transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1987-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0006-8314
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1472
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1983-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0006-8314
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1472
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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