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  • 1
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    Evaluation of precipitation data sets along the Himalayan front (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-07-28
    Description: Precipitation is one of the main factors which controls surface processes and landscape morphology. Large orogenic belts such as the Himalayas control precipitation distribution as a result of orographic effects due to their prominent relief. However, precipitation is difficult to monitor because mountain regions are largely inaccessible and therefore not sufficiently covered by ground-based gauge stations. The complexity of orographic effects resulting from the interaction between elevation and climatic processes and the lack of precise meteorological data thus limit our understanding of climatic influence on landscape formation. Therefore, high-quality precipitation observations with good spatiotemporal coverage are needed. Here we evaluate five gridded precipitation data sets derived from remote sensing and interpolation of rain gauge data with ground-based precipitation measurements. First, we evaluate the bulk error of each data set, then we evaluate the temporal quality of data within five watersheds, and last we compare the spatial performance along seven swath profiles across strike to the Himalayan range in Nepal. Our evaluation shows that the data sets vary significantly along the orographic front and get more consistent toward the adjacent low-relief domains, while bulk errors are largest during monsoon season. In particular, where topographic gradients are important, the resolution of gridded data sets cannot incorporate small-scale spatial changes of precipitation. We show that the data set derived from interpolation of gauge data performs best in the Himalayas. This study gives an overview on the applicability of precipitation data sets within the Himalayan orographic domains where relief has a pronounced impact on precipitation.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Repeated catastrophic valley infill following medieval earthquakes in the Nepal Himalaya (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-18
    Description: Geomorphic footprints of past large Himalayan earthquakes are elusive, although they are urgently needed for gauging and predicting recovery times of seismically perturbed mountain landscapes. We present evidence of catastrophic valley infill following at least three medieval earthquakes in the Nepal Himalaya. Radiocarbon dates from peat beds, plant macrofossils, and humic silts in fine-grained tributary sediments near Pokhara, Nepal's second-largest city, match the timing of nearby M 〉 8 earthquakes in ~1100, 1255, and 1344 C.E. The upstream dip of tributary valley fills and x-ray fluorescence spectrometry of their provenance rule out local sources. Instead, geomorphic and sedimentary evidence is consistent with catastrophic fluvial aggradation and debris flows that had plugged several tributaries with tens of meters of calcareous sediment from a Higher Himalayan source 〉60 kilometers away.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwanghart, Wolfgang -- Bernhardt, Anne -- Stolle, Amelie -- Hoelzmann, Philipp -- Adhikari, Basanta R -- Andermann, Christoff -- Tofelde, Stefanie -- Merchel, Silke -- Rugel, Georg -- Fort, Monique -- Korup, Oliver -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):147-50. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9865. Epub 2015 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. w.schwanghart@geo.uni-potsdam.de. ; Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. ; Institute of Geographical Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany. ; Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. ; Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, German Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Germany. ; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Dresden, Germany. ; CNRS UMR 8586 Prodig, Departement de Geographie, Universite Paris-Diderot-SPC, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26676354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cities ; Disasters/*history ; Earthquakes/*history/mortality ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Nepal ; Plants/chemistry ; Radiometric Dating ; Rivers ; Soil/chemistry ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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