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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the substitution Ba.tautm.Sr on the Ga-1222 superstructure: an electron diffraction study (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemistry of materials 7 (1995), S. 1709-1715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00057a021
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ordovician Conodonts from New Zealand (1968)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 218 (1968), S. 664-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. Map of South Island showing the position of Nelson Province. Fossiliferous Ordovician strata in New Zealand are known only from the South Island. With the exception of the small Alfred River occurrence2, they are limited to the Preservation Inlet and north-west Nelson areas (Fig. 1). A ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/218664a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield response of improved upland pasture to the control of leatherjackets under increasing rates of nitrogen (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 45 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In each year from 1984-5 to 1987-8 the effect of leatherjackets on yield of improved upland pasture was assessed at Redesdale Experimental Husbandry Farm in Northumberland. Chlor-pyrifos at 0.72 kg ha−1 was applied in November or December to half the plots; these and the untreated plots received one of four fertilizer rates (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N ha−1). All rates increased yield by a mean of about 24 kg DM kg N−1.There was a significant correlation (Y (t DM ha−1) = 0-21 + 0-00168 ×, r = 0-99 (P= 0.001)) between yield response to chlorpyrifos and leatherjacket numbers m−2 in November/ December. Treatment thresholds for leatherjacket numbers are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1990.tb02187.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silurian Fossils from New Zealand (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 228 (1970), S. 153-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A useful summary of the history of geological endeavours in New Zealand is provided by Waterhouse2. In particular he pointed out that a Silurian age had, in the past, been wrongly assigned to several of the principal shelly faunas and rock groups of the South Island. For instance, the Haupiri Group ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/228153a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictions of non-linear responses to selection for forage yield under competition (1977)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 49 (1977), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The expected response of a population of competing genotypes to selection of high yielding individuals is expressed in terms of a regression model of a type similar to that used to describe genotype-environment interactions (Perkins and Jinks 1968). It is shown that response to selection on the basis of the yielding ability of genotypes (direct effects) can also cause changes in the magnitude of their effects on their neighbours (indirect effects) and on the interactions of direct and indirect effects. Thus, if yij = μ + gi aj + γjgi + sij, where yij is the expected yield of the ith genotype in competition with the jth, gi is the direct effect of the ith genotype, aj the indirect effect of the jth, and γj the regression onto direct effects of interactions involving the jth associate, it follows that response is R(g) = g(1+b(a/g) + bγ/gg), where g is the change in average direct effect of the population brought about by selection, and b represents a regression coefficient. If b(γ/g) is important, then response to selection will be non-linear over a range of genotypes, and where it is negative, then selection will become progressively less effective as it proceeds until a plateau is reached, beyond which it will be detrimental. Estimates of the above parameters were made from nine sets of data from diallel arrangements of binary mixtures. Although a degree of uncertainly was induced in these estimates by the need to reparametrize the model describing competition within and between binary components to cater only for inter-genotypic effects, the consistency of the prediction of non-linearity of response induces some confidence in the results. Predicted optima are as low as 8 pc abovethe mean inthe case of closely related material. Other deficiencies and implications of this selection model are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274474
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Individual and group selection with competition (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 256-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Inter-plant competition ; Covariances of relatives ; Mass selection ; Full-sib selection ; Clonal selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The response of a randomly mating population which is expected to follow selection of phenotypic units, comprising individuals or groups whose members have an arbitrary degree of relatedness, was formulated using a model which included additive and dominance competition effects. The derivation involved three steps. Twenty-two quadratic components were defined, six describing individual (direct) and neighbor (associate) effects, and 16 describing direct by associate interactions for different loci, for single loci with different alleles, and for identical alleles. Six covariances between pairs of individual phenotypes and three of individuals with their offspring were defined according to whether or not their direct or associate genotypes are common, and expressed in terms of the quadratic components. Finally, variances of selection units of different types and their covariance with their offspring were expressed as compounds of these individual covariances. Explicit formulations for mass, clonal and full-sib selection show that without constraints on the quadratic components, and hence on the magnitude and type of competition operative, no predictions as to the relative efficiencies of these three methods can be made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267001
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Covariances of relatives and selection response in generations of selfing from an outcrossed base population (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 689-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Covariances of relatives ; Selection response ; Selfing ; Outbred base population ; Inter-crossing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The covariances of relatives arising under selfing from a general outbred base population in linkage equilibrium and without epistasis given by Cockerham (1983) are expressed in an alternative form which is an extension of the treatment by Mather and Jinks (1982) of the more restricted population descended from a single F1 family. Whereas no more than two quadratic components are required to describe any covariance in the case of F1, descendants, this more general case calls for a total of four, three of which are needed for any particular covariance. The estimation of covariances and their use for the prediction of selection response is described for breeding programs initiated by one or more cycles of intermating among a number of parental lines, as advocated by Hansel (1964) and Jensen (1970). It is pointed out that the homozygous lines descended from such a population will have up to twice as much variance as those from an F1 between a randomly chosen pair from the same population of parents. The selection method is especially recommended for undeveloped species in which the parental lines are not well characterized and large selection responses are needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289010
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple regression for molecular-marker, quantitative trait data from large F2 populations (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 89 (1994), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Trait-marker regression ; Selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Molecular marker-quantitative trait associations are important for breeders to recognize and understand to allow application in selection. This work was done to provide simple, intuitive explanations of trait-marker regression for large samples from an F2 and to examine the properties of the regression estimators. Beginning with a(- 1,0,1) coding of marker classes and expected frequencies in the F2, expected values, variances, and covariances of marker variables were calculated. Simple linear regression and regression of trait values on two markers were computed. The sum of coefficient estimates for the flanking-marker regression is asymptotically unbiased for an included additive effect with complete interference, and is only slightly biased with no interference and moderately close (15 cM) marker spacing. The variance of the sum of regression coefficients is much more stable for small recombination distances than variances of individual coefficients. Multiple regression of trait variables on coded marker variables can be interpreted as the product of the inverse of the marker correlation matrix R and the vector a of simple linear regression estimators for each marker. For no interference, elements of the correlation matrix R can be written as products of correlations between adjacent markers. The inverse of R is displayed and used to illustrate the solution vector. Only markers immediately flanking trait loci are expected to have non-zero values and, with at least two marker loci between each trait locus, the solution vector is expected to be the sum of solutions for each trait locus. Results of this work should allow breeders to test for intervals in which trait loci are located and to better interpret results of the trait-marker regression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225159
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some implications of a first-order model of inter-plant competition for the means and variances of complex mixtures (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1982), S. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Competition ; Component yields ; Tertiary mixture ; First-order model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Factorial models commonly used in the analysis of overall and component yields of binary mixtures of genotypes are generalised to include mixtures of any number of components (size, m) and the form of an analysis of variance for fitting such a model to tertiary mixtures is outlined. Such a model contains main effects and interactions up to the mth order, and is specific to the size of mixture so that no equivalence necessarily exists between similar parameter sets for different sized mixtures. Monocultures can be regarded as a special case of the general model. A simple model of intra-and inter-component competition is defined which assumes that plants do not interact in their competitive effects on others, a condition which is equivalent to an absence of second and higher order interactions in statistical analyses of mixtures of any size. Simple scaling tests involving the yields of components or whole mixtures of different sizes can also be used to test the adequacy of the model. This competition model least to a linear relationship between the mean yield of a mixture and the reciprocal of the number of components it contains, and thus allows the prediction of means and other statistical parameters for mixtures of one size from those of others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303658
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The expected efficiencies of some methods of selection of components for inter-genotypic mixtures (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1983), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Competition ; Intergenotypic mixture ; Component selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The gains in yields of mixtures expected to follow various methods of selection of components from populations of randomly constituted mixtures are formulated in terms of a statistical model and a model of first-order inter-plant competition. The types of selection investigated include that among whole mixtures and among groups or individual components on a within-mixture or unrestricted basis, or on the basis of the yields of sets of mixtures to which the group or individual is common. In all cases the sizes of mixture used for selection and for measurement of gain may differ. While evaluation of components in groups or whole mixtures allows selection for component interactions, gains are lower overall because of the reduction in variance caused by grouping. Gains due to interaction are lost if the components are pooled after selection, as in a population improvement programme. Individual selection carries some risk of negative gains, but these are reduced if assessment is made on an unrestricted rather than within-mixture basis. When second and higher order competitive interactions are absent, monoculture assessment is expected to be an efficient means of selection of components for binary and tertiary mixtures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303921
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