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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Apollo 16 soils have the largest low-energy neutron fluences yet observed in lunar samples. Variations in the isotopic ratios Gd-158/Gd-157 and Sm-150/Sm-149 (up to 1.9 and 2.0%, respectively) indicate that the low-energy neutron fluence in the Apollo 16 drill stem increases with depth throughout the section sampled. Such a variation implies that accretion has been the dominant regolith 'gardening' process at this location. The data may be fit by a model of continuous accretion of pre-irradiated material or by models involving as few as two slabs of material in which the first slab could have been deposited as long as 1 b.y. ago. The ratio of the number of neutrons captured per atom by Sm to the number captured per atom by Gd is lower than in previously measured lunar samples, which implies a lower energy neutron spectrum at this site. The variation of this ratio with chemical composition is qualitatively similar to that predicted by Lingenfelter et al. (1972). Variations are observed in the ratio Gd-152/Gd-160 which are fluence-correlated and probably result from neutron capture by Eu-151.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 19; 2, Ju; June 197
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  • 2
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Study of the isotopic composition of gadolinium and samarium in four soil and seven drill stem samples returned by the Apollo 15 mission. The results show the possibility to date sedimentary processes on the lunar surface for time scales of around 100 million years because of the particular dependence of neutron capture reactions on depth. The neutron flux has a distinct peak as a function of depth. This peak appears to lie below the level of shallow cratering for time scales of less than one billion years and consequently forms a readily identified marker layer of both depth and time.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 15; June 197
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: High precision isotopic composition measurements of Sm have been carried out for two terrestrial and seven lunar samples from three Apollo sites. The lunar samples, selected to show a wide variation in cosmic ray exposure ages, have a wide range of enrichments in Sm-150/Sm-154 (up to 0.8%) and depletions in Sm-149/Sm-154 which are due to neutron capture. The ratio of the number of neutrons captured per atom by Sm-149 to Gd-157 is 0.9 and reflects a hardened lunar neutron spectrum. This ratio is in reasonable but not exact agreement with that obtained from the theoretical lunar neutron energy spectrum of Lingenfelter, Canfield and Hampel. The average composition for terrestrial samarium is given.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 13; 1, De; Dec. 197
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The activity of cosmic ray produced Mn-53 has been measured in a series of samples from the upper 10 cm of the Apollo 15 and 16 drill stems. The activity profiles for both cores indicate disturbance to depths of about 3 g/sq cm within the last 6 m.y. In at least one case (Apollo 16) the soil has been gardened to at least 14 g/sq cm within the last 10 m.y., and material from the upper less than 2 g/sq cm has been buried to 14 g/sq cm by this gardening. The results for the Apollo 15 core are compatible with a wide variety of possible histories including loss or gain of material.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 15, 1976 - Mar 19, 1976; Houston, TX
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Apollo 12 lunar rock 12013 petrologic and mineralogic characteristics, discussing data on isotopic Xe and Gd composition
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The activity of solar cosmic-ray-produced Mn-53 measured as a function of depth in the upper 100 g/sq cm of lunar cores 60009-60010 and 12025-12028 is discussed. Analyses of samples from the Apollo 15 and 16 drill stems together with authors' previously published results (1974, 1976), and the Battelle Na-22 and Al-26 data, indicate that in three of the four cases studied the regolith was measurably disturbed within the last 10 m.y. Activities measured in the uppermost 2 g/sq cm indicate frequent mixing within this depth range. The Monte Carlo gardening model of Arnold (1975) was used to derive profiles for the gardened moon-wide average of Mn-53 and Al-26 as a function of depth. The Mn-53 and Al-26 experimental results agreed with theoretical predictions, but the calculated depths of disturbance appeared too low.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 44; 3, Se; Sept
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A general, numerical method for calculating activities of solar cosmic ray produced radionuclides at any point within an irregularly shaped lunar rock of known surface contour and lunar surface orientation is described. This method is then used to predict the activities of Mn-53 andAl-26 as a function of postion within lunar rock 68815 for various assumed values of solar cosmic ray flux (J), rigidity (R sub 0), and rock erosion rate (ER). The predicted activities agree with the measured activities of Kohl et al. (1978) when values of R sub 0 = 100 MV, J = 70 p/sq cm-sec (4 pi, E greater than 10 MeV), ER not greater than 1 mm/m.y. and a total exposure time of 2 m.y. are assumed. These values are in agreement with those found for rocks exposed for not less than 10 m.y. and provide no evidence for variation of the average solar cosmic ray parameters between the last 2 and 10 m.y. intervals. When interpreted with the improved model the activity vs. depth profiles for three faces of 68815 show no evidence of SCR anisotropy or differential erosion.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Conference on The ancient sun: Fossil record in the earth, moon and meteorites; Oct 16, 1979 - Oct 19, 1979; Boulder, CO
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Apollo 11 and 12 lunar samples history of irradiation exposure to galactic cosmic rays and solar wind, using rare gas and Gd isotope measurements
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: LUNAR SCIENCE CONFERENCE; Jan 11, 1971 - Jan 14, 1971; HOUSTON, TX
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Mn-53 and Al-26 activities have been measured in fourteen samples carefully ground from the upper 1.5 cm of rock 68815 to discern whether the magnitude and shape of the solar cosmic ray (SCR) flux in the last 2 m.y. has differed from the recent SCR flux and that averaged over the last 10 m.y. Results yield no evidence that the SCR flux has varied among these time intervals. Assuming the appropriate erosion rates, the measured profiles of rock 68815 (with a 2 m.y. surface exposure) and of rocks 12002 and 14321 (saturated with respect to Mn-53 and Al-26) can all be fit with the SCR parameters of R sub zero = 100 MV and J = 70 protons/sq cm/sec (4 pi, energy greater than 10 MeV). The measured profiles of 68815 and 14310 are incompatible with the short surface exposure age (less than 3 m.y.) proposed for 14310 on the basis of track studies. Activity vs. depth profiles for three different faces of 68815, show surface activities nearly independent of sample inclination.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 13, 1978 - Mar 17, 1978; Houston, TX
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