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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2–20 keV X-ray Sky Background (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 224 (1969), S. 677-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the X-ray telescope. The proportional counters are 2x2x6 inches, filled with a P-10 argon-methane gas mixture at atmospheric pressure. A multilayer graded (Sn-Cu-Al) shield surrounds the plastic scintillator. A stepping motor rotates the paddle through 36 every 2-6 s. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/224677a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Daily Variation of Meson Intensity and its Possible Solar Origin (1953)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 171 (1953), S. 122-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The solar daily variation of meson intensity is predominantly diurnal at Kodaikanal with an amplitude of 1 1 per cent. At Ahmedabad it has an amplitude of only 0'4 per cent with an important semidiurnal component as well. Figs. A and B show on 24-hr, and 12-hr, harmonic dials respectively the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/171122a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed X-ray Emission of NP 0532 in March 1968 (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 223 (1969), S. 280-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] NP 0532 is the only known pulsar to have detect able emission extending from the radio band to energies exceeding 30 keV (unpublished work of G. J. Fishman, F. K. Harnden, jun., and R. C. Haymes). Our measurement is one of the two existing that can provide information concerning the history ofNP ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/223280a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency of fast, narrow γ-ray bursts (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 308 (1984), S. 434-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The ISEE-3 burst spectrometer7,8 trigger criterion differs from previous techniques in that the time for detecting a preset number of photons is accumulated ('time to spill'), rather than accumulating counts over a preset time interval. The photon counter setting and timing precision (clock ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/308434a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Search for γ-ray bursts with coincident balloon flights (1977)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 266 (1977), S. 694-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] This experiment was designed to investigate the possibility that cosmic y-ray bursts could be detected in the size region of 10-7 to several times 10-6 erg cm-2, below the apparent bend in the size spectrum of Vela events as described by Strong and Klebesadel2. It has generally been assumed that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/266694a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent X-ray emission from a γ -ray burst source (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 300 (1982), S. 730-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The interplanetary burst network timing of y bursts has yielded several relatively precise error boxes for source locations. One of these, the 5 arcmin2 location1 of the y burst detected on 19 November 1978 (GBS0117-29) led to the discovery of its probable optical counterpart from a brief optical ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/300730a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological study of the time histories of gamma-ray bursts (1981)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 75 (1981), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Time histories of γ-ray bursts have revealed a great diversity, both in total duration and in the details of fine time structure. Results of the γ-ray experiment on the Helios-2 spacecraft have suggested some similarities in time profiles of events. The possibility of some characteristic ‘separation times’ in events may also be indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00651380
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advances in gamma-ray burst astronomy (1976)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 42 (1976), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Work at Goddard is preséntly being carried out in three major areas of gamma-ray burst research: (1) A pair of simultaneously operating 0.8-m2 burst detectors were successfully balloon-borne at locations 800 miles apart on 9 May, 1975, each to atmospheric depths of 3 to 4 g cm−2, for a 20-h period of coincident data coverage. This experiment investigates the size spectrum of bursts in the 10−7 to 10−6 erg cm−2 size region where dozens of events per day are expected on a −1.5 index integral power-law extrapolation. Considerable separation in latitude was used to avoid possible atmospheric and auroral secondary effects. Its results are not yet available. This experiment is the sequel to a single balloon flight in May 1974, in which candidate events were found to fit the −1.5 spectral extrapolation, indicating the need for positive event identification. (2) A deep-space burst detector, the first spacecraft instrument built specifically for gamma-ray burst studies, was recently successfully integrated into the Helios-B space probe. Its use at distances of up to 2 AU will make possible the first high-resolution directional study of gamma-ray burst source locations. Similar modifications to several other space vehicles are also being prepared. (3) Our gamma-ray instrument on the IMP-7 satellite is presently the most sensitive burst detector still operating in orbit. Its results have shown that all measured event-average energy spectra are consistent with being alike. Using this characteristic spectrum to select IMP-7 candidate events of smaller size than those detected using other spacecraft in coincidence, a size spectrum is constructed which fits the −1.5 index power law down to 2.5×10−5 erg cm−2 per event, at an occurrence rate of about once per month.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645519
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The goddard program of gamma-ray transient astronomy (1981)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 75 (1981), S. 93-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Goddard program of gamma-ray burst studies is briefly reviewed. The past results, present status and future expectations are outlined regarding our endeavors using experiments on balloons, IMP-6 and IMP-7, OGO-3, ISEE-1 and ISEE-3, Helios-2, Solar Maximum Mission, the Einstein Observatory, Solar Polar and the Gamma Ray Observatory, and with the interplanetary gamma-ray burst networks, to which some of these spacecraft sensors contribute. Additional emphasis is given to the recent discovery of a new type of gamma-ray transient, detected on 5 March, 1979.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00651386
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Room temperature solid-state detectors for Gamma ray burst spectroscopy (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 231 (1995), S. 487-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Gamma ray bursts ; Solid-state detectors ; Instrumentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have evaluated several solid state detectors which offer excellent energy resolution at room temperature for soft X-rays. For soft X-rays (〈 1 keV to 20 keV), silicon P-intrinsic-N (PIN) and avalanche-mode photodiodes (APD's) have been studied. Using commercially available charge sensitive pre-amplifiers, these photodiodes provide 1 keV resolution without cooling. Their detection efficiencies are limited to about 20 keV and 15 keV, respectively. To overcome this constraint, we have studied thick (1.5 mm) PIN detectors made by Micron Semiconductor Ltd., U.K., as well as compound semiconducting materials with high “Z” constituents such as CZT and PbI2. PbI2 allows high detection efficiencies of photons up to 100 keV with detectors 100–300 microns thick. These new detectors offer the capability to study the low-energy spectral evolution of Gamma ray bursts (GRBs). A matrix of these detectors could be used as an image plane detector with moderate spatial resolution for imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658677
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