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  • 1
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    Ulysses Radio Occultation Observations of the lo Plasma Torus During the Jupiter Encounter (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-09-11
    Description: Radio signals from Ulysses were used to probe the lo plasma torus (IPT) shortly after the spacecraft's closest approach to Jupiter. The frequencies of the two downlinks at S-band (2.3 gigahertz) and X-band (8.4 gigahertz) were recorded, differenced, and integrated in order to derive the columnar electron density of the IPT. The measurements agree qualitatively with contemporary models of the IPT based on Voyager data, but significant differences are apparent as well. The overall level of the IPT electron density is approximately the same as the prediction, implying that the amount of gas (or plasma) injected from lo is similar to that observed during the Voyager era. On the other hand, the IPT seems to be less extended out of the centrifugal equator, implying a smaller plasma temperature than predicted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bird, M K -- Asmar, S W -- Brenkle, J P -- Edenhofer, P -- Funke, O -- Patzold, M -- Volland, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 11;257(5076):1531-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17776163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    ExoMars Schiaparelli Direct‐to‐Earth Observation using GMRT (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract During the ExoMars Schiaparelli separation event on 16 October 2016 and Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) events 3 days later, the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) near Pune, India was used to directly observe UHF transmissions from the Schiaparelli lander as they arrive at Earth. The doppler shift of the carrier frequency was measured and used as a diagnostic to identify key events during EDL. This signal detection at GMRT was the only real‐time aliveness indicator to ESA mission operations during the critical entry, descent, and landing stage of the mission.
    Print ISSN: 0048-6604
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-799X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Density of Mars' south polar layered deposits (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: Both poles of Mars are hidden beneath caps of layered ice. We calculated the density of the south polar layered deposits by combining the gravity field obtained from initial results of radio tracking of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter with existing surface topography from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and basal topography from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding on the Mars Express spacecraft. The results indicate a best-fit density of 1220 kilograms per cubic meter, which is consistent with water ice that has approximately 15% admixed dust. The results demonstrate that the deposits are probably composed of relatively clean water ice and also refine the martian surface-water inventory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zuber, Maria T -- Phillips, Roger J -- Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C -- Asmar, Sami W -- Konopliv, Alexander S -- Lemoine, Frank G -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Smith, David E -- Smrekar, Suzanne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1718-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA. zuber@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Gravity field, shape, and moment of inertia of Titan (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-13
    Description: Precise radio tracking of the spacecraft Cassini has provided a determination of Titan's mass and gravity harmonics to degree 3. The quadrupole field is consistent with a hydrostatically relaxed body shaped by tidal and rotational effects. The inferred moment of inertia factor is about 0.34, implying incomplete differentiation, either in the sense of imperfect separation of rock from ice or a core in which a large amount of water remains chemically bound in silicates. The equilibrium figure is a triaxial ellipsoid whose semi-axes a, b, and c differ by 410 meters (a-c) and 103 meters (b-c). The nonhydrostatic geoid height variations (up to 19 meters) are small compared to the observed topographic anomalies of hundreds of meters, suggesting a high degree of compensation appropriate to a body that has warm ice at depth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iess, Luciano -- Rappaport, Nicole J -- Jacobson, Robert A -- Racioppa, Paolo -- Stevenson, David J -- Tortora, Paolo -- Armstrong, John W -- Asmar, Sami W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1367-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1182583.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale ed Astronautica, Universita La Sapienza, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy. luciano.iess@uniroma1.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Gravitation ; Ice ; *Saturn ; Spacecraft ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    The crust of the Moon as seen by GRAIL (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-12
    Description: High-resolution gravity data obtained from the dual Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) spacecraft show that the bulk density of the Moon's highlands crust is 2550 kilograms per cubic meter, substantially lower than generally assumed. When combined with remote sensing and sample data, this density implies an average crustal porosity of 12% to depths of at least a few kilometers. Lateral variations in crustal porosity correlate with the largest impact basins, whereas lateral variations in crustal density correlate with crustal composition. The low-bulk crustal density allows construction of a global crustal thickness model that satisfies the Apollo seismic constraints, and with an average crustal thickness between 34 and 43 kilometers, the bulk refractory element composition of the Moon is not required to be enriched with respect to that of Earth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wieczorek, Mark A -- Neumann, Gregory A -- Nimmo, Francis -- Kiefer, Walter S -- Taylor, G Jeffrey -- Melosh, H Jay -- Phillips, Roger J -- Solomon, Sean C -- Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C -- Asmar, Sami W -- Konopliv, Alexander S -- Lemoine, Frank G -- Smith, David E -- Watkins, Michael M -- Williams, James G -- Zuber, Maria T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):671-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1231530. Epub 2012 Dec 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Universite Paris Diderot, Case 7071, Lamarck A, 5, rue Thomas Mann, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. wieczor@ipgp.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23223394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Asteroid 21 Lutetia: low mass, high density (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-29
    Description: Asteroid 21 Lutetia was approached by the Rosetta spacecraft on 10 July 2010. The additional Doppler shift of the spacecraft radio signals imposed by 21 Lutetia's gravitational perturbation on the flyby trajectory were used to determine the mass of the asteroid. Calibrating and correcting for all Doppler contributions not associated with Lutetia, a least-squares fit to the residual frequency observations from 4 hours before to 6 hours after closest approach yields a mass of (1.700 +/- 0.017) x 10(18) kilograms. Using the volume model of Lutetia determined by the Rosetta Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System (OSIRIS) camera, the bulk density, an important parameter for clues to its composition and interior, is (3.4 +/- 0.3) x 10(3) kilograms per cubic meter.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Patzold, M -- Andert, T P -- Asmar, S W -- Anderson, J D -- Barriot, J-P -- Bird, M K -- Hausler, B -- Hahn, M -- Tellmann, S -- Sierks, H -- Lamy, P -- Weiss, B P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):491-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1209389.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rheinisches Institut fur Umweltforschung, Abteilung Planetenforschung, an der Universitat zu Koln, 50931 Cologne, Germany. martin.paetzold@uni-koeln.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 7
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    The tides of Titan (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-30
    Description: We have detected in Cassini spacecraft data the signature of the periodic tidal stresses within Titan, driven by the eccentricity (e = 0.028) of its 16-day orbit around Saturn. Precise measurements of the acceleration of Cassini during six close flybys between 2006 and 2011 have revealed that Titan responds to the variable tidal field exerted by Saturn with periodic changes of its quadrupole gravity, at about 4% of the static value. Two independent determinations of the corresponding degree-2 Love number yield k(2) = 0.589 +/- 0.150 and k(2) = 0.637 +/- 0.224 (2sigma). Such a large response to the tidal field requires that Titan's interior be deformable over time scales of the orbital period, in a way that is consistent with a global ocean at depth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iess, Luciano -- Jacobson, Robert A -- Ducci, Marco -- Stevenson, David J -- Lunine, Jonathan I -- Armstrong, John W -- Asmar, Sami W -- Racioppa, Paolo -- Rappaport, Nicole J -- Tortora, Paolo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 27;337(6093):457-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1219631. Epub 2012 Jun 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Universita La Sapienza, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy. luciano.iess@uniroma1.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Gravitation ; Ice ; *Saturn ; Spacecraft ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Dawn at Vesta: testing the protoplanetary paradigm (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: The Dawn spacecraft targeted 4 Vesta, believed to be a remnant intact protoplanet from the earliest epoch of solar system formation, based on analyses of howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED) meteorites that indicate a differentiated parent body. Dawn observations reveal a giant basin at Vesta's south pole, whose excavation was sufficient to produce Vesta-family asteroids (Vestoids) and HED meteorites. The spatially resolved mineralogy of the surface reflects the composition of the HED meteorites, confirming the formation of Vesta's crust by melting of a chondritic parent body. Vesta's mass, volume, and gravitational field are consistent with a core having an average radius of 107 to 113 kilometers, indicating sufficient internal melting to segregate iron. Dawn's results confirm predictions that Vesta differentiated and support its identification as the parent body of the HEDs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, C T -- Raymond, C A -- Coradini, A -- McSween, H Y -- Zuber, M T -- Nathues, A -- De Sanctis, M C -- Jaumann, R -- Konopliv, A S -- Preusker, F -- Asmar, S W -- Park, R S -- Gaskell, R -- Keller, H U -- Mottola, S -- Roatsch, T -- Scully, J E C -- Smith, D E -- Tricarico, P -- Toplis, M J -- Christensen, U R -- Feldman, W C -- Lawrence, D J -- McCoy, T J -- Prettyman, T H -- Reedy, R C -- Sykes, M E -- Titus, T N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):684-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1219381.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA. ctrussell@igpp.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 9
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    Ancient igneous intrusions and early expansion of the Moon revealed by GRAIL gravity gradiometry (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-12
    Description: The earliest history of the Moon is poorly preserved in the surface geologic record due to the high flux of impactors, but aspects of that history may be preserved in subsurface structures. Application of gravity gradiometry to observations by the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission results in the identification of a population of linear gravity anomalies with lengths of hundreds of kilometers. Inversion of the gravity anomalies indicates elongated positive-density anomalies that are interpreted to be ancient vertical tabular intrusions or dikes formed by magmatism in combination with extension of the lithosphere. Crosscutting relationships support a pre-Nectarian to Nectarian age, preceding the end of the heavy bombardment of the Moon. The distribution, orientation, and dimensions of the intrusions indicate a globally isotropic extensional stress state arising from an increase in the Moon's radius by 0.6 to 4.9 kilometers early in lunar history, consistent with predictions of thermal models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C -- Asmar, Sami W -- Head, James W 3rd -- Kiefer, Walter S -- Konopliv, Alexander S -- Lemoine, Frank G -- Matsuyama, Isamu -- Mazarico, Erwan -- McGovern, Patrick J -- Melosh, H Jay -- Neumann, Gregory A -- Nimmo, Francis -- Phillips, Roger J -- Smith, David E -- Solomon, Sean C -- Taylor, G Jeffrey -- Wieczorek, Mark A -- Williams, James G -- Zuber, Maria T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):675-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1231753. Epub 2012 Dec 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geophysics and Center for Space Resources, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA. jcahanna@mines.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23223393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 10
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    Gravity field of the Moon from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-12
    Description: Spacecraft-to-spacecraft tracking observations from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) have been used to construct a gravitational field of the Moon to spherical harmonic degree and order 420. The GRAIL field reveals features not previously resolved, including tectonic structures, volcanic landforms, basin rings, crater central peaks, and numerous simple craters. From degrees 80 through 300, over 98% of the gravitational signature is associated with topography, a result that reflects the preservation of crater relief in highly fractured crust. The remaining 2% represents fine details of subsurface structure not previously resolved. GRAIL elucidates the role of impact bombardment in homogenizing the distribution of shallow density anomalies on terrestrial planetary bodies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zuber, Maria T -- Smith, David E -- Watkins, Michael M -- Asmar, Sami W -- Konopliv, Alexander S -- Lemoine, Frank G -- Melosh, H Jay -- Neumann, Gregory A -- Phillips, Roger J -- Solomon, Sean C -- Wieczorek, Mark A -- Williams, James G -- Goossens, Sander J -- Kruizinga, Gerhard -- Mazarico, Erwan -- Park, Ryan S -- Yuan, Dah-Ning -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):668-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1231507. Epub 2012 Dec 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA. zuber@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23223395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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