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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: Antibodies to conserved epitopes on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surface protein gp140 can protect against infection in non-human primates, and some infected individuals show high titres of broadly neutralizing immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies in their serum. However, little is known about the specificity and activity of these antibodies. To characterize the memory antibody responses to HIV, we cloned 502 antibodies from HIV envelope-binding memory B cells from six HIV-infected patients with broadly neutralizing antibodies and low to intermediate viral loads. We show that in these patients, the B-cell memory response to gp140 is composed of up to 50 independent clones expressing high affinity neutralizing antibodies to the gp120 variable loops, the CD4-binding site, the co-receptor-binding site, and to a new neutralizing epitope that is in the same region of gp120 as the CD4-binding site. Thus, the IgG memory B-cell compartment in the selected group of patients with broad serum neutralizing activity to HIV is comprised of multiple clonal responses with neutralizing activity directed against several epitopes on gp120.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheid, Johannes F -- Mouquet, Hugo -- Feldhahn, Niklas -- Seaman, Michael S -- Velinzon, Klara -- Pietzsch, John -- Ott, Rene G -- Anthony, Robert M -- Zebroski, Henry -- Hurley, Arlene -- Phogat, Adhuna -- Chakrabarti, Bimal -- Li, Yuxing -- Connors, Mark -- Pereyra, Florencia -- Walker, Bruce D -- Wardemann, Hedda -- Ho, David -- Wyatt, Richard T -- Mascola, John R -- Ravetch, Jeffrey V -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 2;458(7238):636-40. doi: 10.1038/nature07930. Epub 2009 Mar 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19287373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibody Affinity ; Antigens, CD4/metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Binding Sites ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epitope Mapping ; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry/immunology ; HIV Antibodies/*analysis/*immunology/isolation & purification ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/chemistry/immunology ; HIV Infections/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory/*immunology ; Neutralization Tests ; Receptors, HIV/metabolism ; Viral Load ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2008-11-11
    Description: A recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) vector-based vaccine for HIV-1 has recently failed in a phase 2b efficacy study in humans. Consistent with these results, preclinical studies have demonstrated that rAd5 vectors expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag failed to reduce peak or setpoint viral loads after SIV challenge of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) that lacked the protective MHC class I allele Mamu-A*01 (ref. 3). Here we show that an improved T-cell-based vaccine regimen using two serologically distinct adenovirus vectors afforded substantially improved protective efficacy in this challenge model. In particular, a heterologous rAd26 prime/rAd5 boost vaccine regimen expressing SIV Gag elicited cellular immune responses with augmented magnitude, breadth and polyfunctionality as compared with the homologous rAd5 regimen. After SIV(MAC251) challenge, monkeys vaccinated with the rAd26/rAd5 regimen showed a 1.4 log reduction of peak and a 2.4 log reduction of setpoint viral loads as well as decreased AIDS-related mortality as compared with control animals. These data demonstrate that durable partial immune control of a pathogenic SIV challenge for more than 500 days can be achieved by a T-cell-based vaccine in Mamu-A*01-negative rhesus monkeys in the absence of a homologous Env antigen. These findings have important implications for the development of next-generation T-cell-based vaccine candidates for HIV-1.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2614452/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2614452/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Jinyan -- O'Brien, Kara L -- Lynch, Diana M -- Simmons, Nathaniel L -- La Porte, Annalena -- Riggs, Ambryice M -- Abbink, Peter -- Coffey, Rory T -- Grandpre, Lauren E -- Seaman, Michael S -- Landucci, Gary -- Forthal, Donald N -- Montefiori, David C -- Carville, Angela -- Mansfield, Keith G -- Havenga, Menzo J -- Pau, Maria G -- Goudsmit, Jaap -- Barouch, Dan H -- AI030034/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI066305/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI066924/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI078526/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000168/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000168-446932/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000168-455647/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000168-466922/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058727/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058727-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058727-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI066924/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI066924-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI066924-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR000168/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI066305/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI066305-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI066305-020001/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI066305-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI066305-030001/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI066305-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI066305-040001/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI078526/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI078526-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI078526-017546/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI078526-017549/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 1;457(7225):87-91. doi: 10.1038/nature07469. Epub 2008 Nov 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18997770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; HIV Infections/immunology/prevention & control ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta/*immunology/*virology ; Neutralization Tests ; SAIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/mortality/prevention & ; control/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology ; Vaccination ; Viral Load
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: Cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are found in the sera of many HIV-1-infected individuals, but the virologic basis of their neutralization remains poorly understood. We used knowledge of HIV-1 envelope structure to develop antigenically resurfaced glycoproteins specific for the structurally conserved site of initial CD4 receptor binding. These probes were used to identify sera with NAbs to the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) and to isolate individual B cells from such an HIV-1-infected donor. By expressing immunoglobulin genes from individual cells, we identified three monoclonal antibodies, including a pair of somatic variants that neutralized over 90% of circulating HIV-1 isolates. Exceptionally broad HIV-1 neutralization can be achieved with individual antibodies targeted to the functionally conserved CD4bs of glycoprotein 120, an important insight for future HIV-1 vaccine design.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2965066/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2965066/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Xueling -- Yang, Zhi-Yong -- Li, Yuxing -- Hogerkorp, Carl-Magnus -- Schief, William R -- Seaman, Michael S -- Zhou, Tongqing -- Schmidt, Stephen D -- Wu, Lan -- Xu, Ling -- Longo, Nancy S -- McKee, Krisha -- O'Dell, Sijy -- Louder, Mark K -- Wycuff, Diane L -- Feng, Yu -- Nason, Martha -- Doria-Rose, Nicole -- Connors, Mark -- Kwong, Peter D -- Roederer, Mario -- Wyatt, Richard T -- Nabel, Gary J -- Mascola, John R -- Z99 AI999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 13;329(5993):856-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1187659. Epub 2010 Jul 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens, CD4/immunology/metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Cross Reactions ; Drug Design ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epitopes/immunology ; Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ; Genes, Immunoglobulin Light Chain ; HIV Antibodies/*immunology/isolation & purification ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV Infections/immunology/virology ; HIV-1/genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutralization Tests ; Protein Engineering ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/immunology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: Passive transfer of broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies can prevent infection, which suggests that vaccines that elicit such antibodies would be protective. Thus far, however, few broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies that occur naturally have been characterized. To determine whether these antibodies are part of a larger group of related molecules, we cloned 576 new HIV antibodies from four unrelated individuals. All four individuals produced expanded clones of potent broadly neutralizing CD4-binding-site antibodies that mimic binding to CD4. Despite extensive hypermutation, the new antibodies shared a consensus sequence of 68 immunoglobulin H (IgH) chain amino acids and arise independently from two related IgH genes. Comparison of the crystal structure of one of the antibodies to the broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 revealed conservation of the contacts to the HIV spike.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351836/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351836/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheid, Johannes F -- Mouquet, Hugo -- Ueberheide, Beatrix -- Diskin, Ron -- Klein, Florian -- Oliveira, Thiago Y K -- Pietzsch, John -- Fenyo, David -- Abadir, Alexander -- Velinzon, Klara -- Hurley, Arlene -- Myung, Sunnie -- Boulad, Farid -- Poignard, Pascal -- Burton, Dennis R -- Pereyra, Florencia -- Ho, David D -- Walker, Bruce D -- Seaman, Michael S -- Bjorkman, Pamela J -- Chait, Brian T -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- P01 AI081677/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI033292/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR00862/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR022220/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 16;333(6049):1633-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1207227. Epub 2011 Jul 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Antibody Affinity ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens, CD4/immunology/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Cloning, Molecular ; Consensus Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ; HIV Antibodies/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV Infections/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains/chemistry ; Molecular Mimicry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-10-29
    Description: Antibodies against the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) on the HIV-1 spike protein gp120 can show exceptional potency and breadth. We determined structures of NIH45-46, a more potent clonal variant of VRC01, alone and bound to gp120. Comparisons with VRC01-gp120 revealed that a four-residue insertion in heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDRH3) contributed to increased interaction between NIH45-46 and the gp120 inner domain, which correlated with enhanced neutralization. We used structure-based design to create NIH45-46(G54W), a single substitution in CDRH2 that increases contact with the gp120 bridging sheet and improves breadth and potency, critical properties for potential clinical use, by an order of magnitude. Together with the NIH45-46-gp120 structure, these results indicate that gp120 inner domain and bridging sheet residues should be included in immunogens to elicit CD4bs antibodies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3232316/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3232316/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diskin, Ron -- Scheid, Johannes F -- Marcovecchio, Paola M -- West, Anthony P Jr -- Klein, Florian -- Gao, Han -- Gnanapragasam, Priyanthi N P -- Abadir, Alexander -- Seaman, Michael S -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- Bjorkman, Pamela J -- P01 AI081677-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR00862/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR022220/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 2;334(6060):1289-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1213782. Epub 2011 Oct 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22033520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Antibody Affinity ; Antigens, CD4/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Complementarity Determining Regions ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; HIV Antibodies/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Molecular Mimicry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-11-01
    Description: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific monoclonal antibodies with extraordinary potency and breadth have recently been described. In humanized mice, combinations of monoclonal antibodies have been shown to suppress viraemia, but the therapeutic potential of these monoclonal antibodies has not yet been evaluated in primates with an intact immune system. Here we show that administration of a cocktail of HIV-1-specific monoclonal antibodies, as well as the single glycan-dependent monoclonal antibody PGT121, resulted in a rapid and precipitous decline of plasma viraemia to undetectable levels in rhesus monkeys chronically infected with the pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIV-SF162P3. A single monoclonal antibody infusion afforded up to a 3.1 log decline of plasma viral RNA in 7 days and also reduced proviral DNA in peripheral blood, gastrointestinal mucosa and lymph nodes without the development of viral resistance. Moreover, after monoclonal antibody administration, host Gag-specific T-lymphocyte responses showed improved functionality. Virus rebounded in most animals after a median of 56 days when serum monoclonal antibody titres had declined to undetectable levels, although, notably, a subset of animals maintained long-term virological control in the absence of further monoclonal antibody infusions. These data demonstrate a profound therapeutic effect of potent neutralizing HIV-1-specific monoclonal antibodies in SHIV-infected rhesus monkeys as well as an impact on host immune responses. Our findings strongly encourage the investigation of monoclonal antibody therapy for HIV-1 in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4017780/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4017780/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barouch, Dan H -- Whitney, James B -- Moldt, Brian -- Klein, Florian -- Oliveira, Thiago Y -- Liu, Jinyan -- Stephenson, Kathryn E -- Chang, Hui-Wen -- Shekhar, Karthik -- Gupta, Sanjana -- Nkolola, Joseph P -- Seaman, Michael S -- Smith, Kaitlin M -- Borducchi, Erica N -- Cabral, Crystal -- Smith, Jeffrey Y -- Blackmore, Stephen -- Sanisetty, Srisowmya -- Perry, James R -- Beck, Matthew -- Lewis, Mark G -- Rinaldi, William -- Chakraborty, Arup K -- Poignard, Pascal -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- Burton, Dennis R -- AI055332/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI078526/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI084794/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI095985/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI096040/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI100148/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI10063/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI100663/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI100148/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P40 OD012217/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000168/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI084794/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI055332/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI091514/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007387/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI066305/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI078526/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI095985/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI096040/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI100663/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Nov 14;503(7475):224-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12744. Epub 2013 Oct 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24172905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral/blood ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Macaca mulatta ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*therapy ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Viremia/therapy
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2010-10-01
    Description: During immune responses, antibodies are selected for their ability to bind to foreign antigens with high affinity, in part by their ability to undergo homotypic bivalent binding. However, this type of binding is not always possible. For example, the small number of gp140 glycoprotein spikes displayed on the surface of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disfavours homotypic bivalent antibody binding. Here we show that during the human antibody response to HIV, somatic mutations that increase antibody affinity also increase breadth and neutralizing potency. Surprisingly, the responding naive and memory B cells produce polyreactive antibodies, which are capable of bivalent heteroligation between one high-affinity anti-HIV-gp140 combining site and a second low-affinity site on another molecular structure on HIV. Although cross-reactivity to self-antigens or polyreactivity is strongly selected against during B-cell development, it is a common serologic feature of certain infections in humans, including HIV, Epstein-Barr virus and hepatitis C virus. Seventy-five per cent of the 134 monoclonal anti-HIV-gp140 antibodies cloned from six patients with high titres of neutralizing antibodies are polyreactive. Despite the low affinity of the polyreactive combining site, heteroligation demonstrably increases the apparent affinity of polyreactive antibodies to HIV.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699875/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699875/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mouquet, Hugo -- Scheid, Johannes F -- Zoller, Markus J -- Krogsgaard, Michelle -- Ott, Rene G -- Shukair, Shetha -- Artyomov, Maxim N -- Pietzsch, John -- Connors, Mark -- Pereyra, Florencia -- Walker, Bruce D -- Ho, David D -- Wilson, Patrick C -- Seaman, Michael S -- Eisen, Herman N -- Chakraborty, Arup K -- Hope, Thomas J -- Ravetch, Jeffrey V -- Wardemann, Hedda -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- 1 P01 AI081677/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI081677/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047770/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 30;467(7315):591-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09385.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20882016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibody Affinity/genetics/*immunology ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions/genetics/*immunology ; Cardiolipins/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cross Reactions/genetics/immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epitopes/*chemistry/*immunology ; HIV Antibodies/genetics/*immunology ; HIV Antigens/chemistry/*immunology ; HIV-1/chemistry/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics/immunology ; Mutation ; Surface Plasmon Resonance ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-10-30
    Description: Human antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) can neutralize a broad range of viral isolates in vitro and protect non-human primates against infection. Previous work showed that antibodies exert selective pressure on the virus but escape variants emerge within a short period of time. However, these experiments were performed before the recent discovery of more potent anti-HIV-1 antibodies and their improvement by structure-based design. Here we re-examine passive antibody transfer as a therapeutic modality in HIV-1-infected humanized mice. Although HIV-1 can escape from antibody monotherapy, combinations of broadly neutralizing antibodies can effectively control HIV-1 infection and suppress viral load to levels below detection. Moreover, in contrast to antiretroviral therapy, the longer half-life of antibodies led to control of viraemia for an average of 60 days after cessation of therapy. Thus, combinations of potent monoclonal antibodies can effectively control HIV-1 replication in humanized mice, and should be re-examined as a therapeutic modality in HIV-1-infected individuals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3809838/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3809838/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, Florian -- Halper-Stromberg, Ariel -- Horwitz, Joshua A -- Gruell, Henning -- Scheid, Johannes F -- Bournazos, Stylianos -- Mouquet, Hugo -- Spatz, Linda A -- Diskin, Ron -- Abadir, Alexander -- Zang, Trinity -- Dorner, Marcus -- Billerbeck, Eva -- Labitt, Rachael N -- Gaebler, Christian -- Marcovecchio, Paola M -- Incesu, Reha-Baris -- Eisenreich, Thomas R -- Bieniasz, Paul D -- Seaman, Michael S -- Bjorkman, Pamela J -- Ravetch, Jeffrey V -- Ploss, Alexander -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- 1UM1AI100663/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI081677/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI081677/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 6;492(7427):118-22. doi: 10.1038/nature11604. Epub 2012 Oct 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23103874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*immunology/*therapeutic use ; Antibody Specificity/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; HIV Antibodies/*immunology/*therapeutic use ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*immunology/virology ; HIV-1/genetics/growth & development/immunology/isolation & purification ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Time Factors ; Viral Load/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-01-06
    Description: Preclinical studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine candidates have typically shown post-infection virological control, but protection against acquisition of infection has previously only been reported against neutralization-sensitive virus challenges. Here we demonstrate vaccine protection against acquisition of fully heterologous, neutralization-resistant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenges in rhesus monkeys. Adenovirus/poxvirus and adenovirus/adenovirus-vector-based vaccines expressing SIV(SME543) Gag, Pol and Env antigens resulted in an 80% or greater reduction in the per-exposure probability of infection against repetitive, intrarectal SIV(MAC251) challenges in rhesus monkeys. Protection against acquisition of infection showed distinct immunological correlates compared with post-infection virological control and required the inclusion of Env in the vaccine regimen. These data demonstrate the proof-of-concept that optimized HIV-1 vaccine candidates can block acquisition of stringent, heterologous, neutralization-resistant virus challenges in rhesus monkeys.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3271177/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3271177/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barouch, Dan H -- Liu, Jinyan -- Li, Hualin -- Maxfield, Lori F -- Abbink, Peter -- Lynch, Diana M -- Iampietro, M Justin -- SanMiguel, Adam -- Seaman, Michael S -- Ferrari, Guido -- Forthal, Donald N -- Ourmanov, Ilnour -- Hirsch, Vanessa M -- Carville, Angela -- Mansfield, Keith G -- Stablein, Donald -- Pau, Maria G -- Schuitemaker, Hanneke -- Sadoff, Jerald C -- Billings, Erik A -- Rao, Mangala -- Robb, Merlin L -- Kim, Jerome H -- Marovich, Mary A -- Goudsmit, Jaap -- Michael, Nelson L -- AI002642/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI066924/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI078526/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI084794/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI095985/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI095985/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI095985-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI066924/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI066924-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI084794/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI084794-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR000168/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI066305/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI066305-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI078526/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI078526-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI095985/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jan 4;482(7383):89-93. doi: 10.1038/nature10766.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. dbarouch@bidmc.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22217938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Adenoviridae/genetics/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; HIV-1/immunology ; Macaca mulatta/*immunology ; Male ; Neutralization Tests ; SAIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology ; Viral Vaccines/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: A challenge for HIV-1 immunogen design is the difficulty of inducing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against neutralization-resistant (tier 2) viruses that dominate human transmissions. We show that a soluble recombinant HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer that adopts a native conformation, BG505 SOSIP.664, induced NAbs potently against the sequence-matched tier 2 virus in rabbits and similar but weaker responses in macaques. The trimer also consistently induced cross-reactive NAbs against more sensitive (tier 1) viruses. Tier 2 NAbs recognized conformational epitopes that differed between animals and in some cases overlapped with those recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), whereas tier 1 responses targeted linear V3 epitopes. A second trimer, B41 SOSIP.664, also induced a strong autologous tier 2 NAb response in rabbits. Thus, native-like trimers represent a promising starting point for the development of HIV-1 vaccines aimed at inducing bNAbs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4498988/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4498988/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanders, Rogier W -- van Gils, Marit J -- Derking, Ronald -- Sok, Devin -- Ketas, Thomas J -- Burger, Judith A -- Ozorowski, Gabriel -- Cupo, Albert -- Simonich, Cassandra -- Goo, Leslie -- Arendt, Heather -- Kim, Helen J -- Lee, Jeong Hyun -- Pugach, Pavel -- Williams, Melissa -- Debnath, Gargi -- Moldt, Brian -- van Breemen, Marielle J -- Isik, Gozde -- Medina-Ramirez, Max -- Back, Jaap Willem -- Koff, Wayne C -- Julien, Jean-Philippe -- Rakasz, Eva G -- Seaman, Michael S -- Guttman, Miklos -- Lee, Kelly K -- Klasse, Per Johan -- LaBranche, Celia -- Schief, William R -- Wilson, Ian A -- Overbaugh, Julie -- Burton, Dennis R -- Ward, Andrew B -- Montefiori, David C -- Dean, Hansi -- Moore, John P -- 280829/European Research Council/International -- HHSN27201100016C/PHS HHS/ -- P01 AI082362/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P51 OD011106/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51OD011106/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076105/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI084817/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI036082/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI084817/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007266/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI100663/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 10;349(6244):aac4223. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4223. Epub 2015 Jun 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. jpm2003@med.cornell.edu rws2002@med.cornell.edu. ; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY 10004, USA. ; Pepscan Therapeutics, 8243RC Lelystad, Netherlands. ; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA. ; Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY 10004, USA. Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA. jpm2003@med.cornell.edu rws2002@med.cornell.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Epitopes/immunology ; HIV Antibodies/*immunology ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Humans ; Macaca ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Multimerization ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/immunology ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/chemistry/genetics/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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