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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-08-02
    Description: It has become exceedingly important to understand the precise molecular profiles of the nearly 40 trillion cells in an adult human because of their role in determining health, disease, and therapeutic outcome. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Common Fund–supported Single Cell Analysis Program (SCAP) was designed to address this challenge. In this review, we outline the original program goals and provide a perspective on the impact of the program as a catalyst for exploration of heterogeneity of human tissues at the cellular level. We believe that the technological advances in single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplexed imaging combined with computational methods made by this program will undoubtedly have an impact on broad and robust applications of single-cell analyses in both health and disease research.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: CD4+ T helper 1 (TH1) cells are important mediators of inflammation and are regulated by numerous pathways, including the negative immune receptor Tim-3. We found that Tim-3 is constitutively expressed on cells of the innate immune system in both mice and humans, and that it can synergize with Toll-like receptors. Moreover, an antibody agonist of Tim-3 acted as an adjuvant during induced immune responses, and Tim-3 ligation induced distinct signaling events in T cells and dendritic cells; the latter finding could explain the apparent divergent functions of Tim-3 in these cell types. Thus, by virtue of differential expression on innate versus adaptive immune cells, Tim-3 can either promote or terminate TH1 immunity and may be able to influence a range of inflammatory conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Ana C -- Anderson, David E -- Bregoli, Lisa -- Hastings, William D -- Kassam, Nasim -- Lei, Charles -- Chandwaskar, Rucha -- Karman, Jozsef -- Su, Ee W -- Hirashima, Mitsuomi -- Bruce, Jeffrey N -- Kane, Lawrence P -- Kuchroo, Vijay K -- Hafler, David A -- R01 AI067544/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI067544-01A2/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI067544/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI067544-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI067544-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1141-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Immunology, Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD11b/immunology ; Astrocytes/immunology ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology ; Galectins/immunology ; Glioblastoma/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation Mediators/*immunology ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Mice ; Microglia/immunology ; Multiple Sclerosis/immunology ; Rats ; Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Receptors, Virus/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Th1 Cells/*immunology ; Toll-Like Receptors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3, also known as HAVCR2) is an activation-induced inhibitory molecule involved in tolerance and shown to induce T-cell exhaustion in chronic viral infection and cancers. Under some conditions, TIM-3 expression has also been shown to be stimulatory. Considering that TIM-3, like cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1), is being targeted for cancer immunotherapy, it is important to identify the circumstances under which TIM-3 can inhibit and activate T-cell responses. Here we show that TIM-3 is co-expressed and forms a heterodimer with carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), another well-known molecule expressed on activated T cells and involved in T-cell inhibition. Biochemical, biophysical and X-ray crystallography studies show that the membrane-distal immunoglobulin-variable (IgV)-like amino-terminal domain of each is crucial to these interactions. The presence of CEACAM1 endows TIM-3 with inhibitory function. CEACAM1 facilitates the maturation and cell surface expression of TIM-3 by forming a heterodimeric interaction in cis through the highly related membrane-distal N-terminal domains of each molecule. CEACAM1 and TIM-3 also bind in trans through their N-terminal domains. Both cis and trans interactions between CEACAM1 and TIM-3 determine the tolerance-inducing function of TIM-3. In a mouse adoptive transfer colitis model, CEACAM1-deficient T cells are hyper-inflammatory with reduced cell surface expression of TIM-3 and regulatory cytokines, and this is restored by T-cell-specific CEACAM1 expression. During chronic viral infection and in a tumour environment, CEACAM1 and TIM-3 mark exhausted T cells. Co-blockade of CEACAM1 and TIM-3 leads to enhancement of anti-tumour immune responses with improved elimination of tumours in mouse colorectal cancer models. Thus, CEACAM1 serves as a heterophilic ligand for TIM-3 that is required for its ability to mediate T-cell inhibition, and this interaction has a crucial role in regulating autoimmunity and anti-tumour immunity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4297519/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4297519/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Yu-Hwa -- Zhu, Chen -- Kondo, Yasuyuki -- Anderson, Ana C -- Gandhi, Amit -- Russell, Andrew -- Dougan, Stephanie K -- Petersen, Britt-Sabina -- Melum, Espen -- Pertel, Thomas -- Clayton, Kiera L -- Raab, Monika -- Chen, Qiang -- Beauchemin, Nicole -- Yazaki, Paul J -- Pyzik, Michal -- Ostrowski, Mario A -- Glickman, Jonathan N -- Rudd, Christopher E -- Ploegh, Hidde L -- Franke, Andre -- Petsko, Gregory A -- Kuchroo, Vijay K -- Blumberg, Richard S -- AI039671/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI056299/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI073748/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK0034854/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK044319/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK051362/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK053056/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK088199/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM32415/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MOP-93787/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- NS045937/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI039671/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI056299/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI073748/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK034854/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM111244/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK051362/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM026788/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS045937/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007122/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR001102/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 15;517(7534):386-90. doi: 10.1038/nature13848. Epub 2014 Oct 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA. ; Whitehead Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany. ; 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway. ; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada. ; Cell Signalling Section, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK. ; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. ; Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal H3G 1Y6, Canada. ; Beckman Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA. ; 1] Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada [2] Keenan Research Centre of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada. ; GI Pathology, Miraca Life Sciences, Newton, Massachusetts 02464, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25363763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Autoimmunity/immunology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance/*immunology ; Inflammation/immunology/pathology ; Ligands ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Molecular ; Mucous Membrane/immunology/pathology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-09-20
    Description: Predictors of responses to immune checkpoint blockade in advanced melanoma Nature Communications, Published online: 19 September 2017; doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00608-2 The clinical management of metastatic melanoma requires predictors of the response to checkpoint blockade. Here, the authors use immunological assays to identify potential prognostic/predictive biomarkers in circulating blood cells and in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from patients with resected stage III melanoma.
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Yu-Hwa -- Zhu, Chen -- Kondo, Yasuyuki -- Anderson, Ana C -- Gandhi, Amit -- Russell, Andrew -- Dougan, Stephanie K -- Petersen, Britt-Sabina -- Melum, Espen -- Pertel, Thomas -- Clayton, Kiera L -- Raab, Monika -- Chen, Qiang -- Beauchemin, Nicole -- Yazaki, Paul J -- Pyzik, Michal -- Ostrowski, Mario A -- Glickman, Jonathan N -- Rudd, Christopher E -- Ploegh, Hidde L -- Franke, Andre -- Petsko, Gregory A -- Kuchroo, Vijay K -- Blumberg, Richard S -- Nature. 2016 Mar 16. doi: 10.1038/nature17421.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 1113-1114 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Thick-film resistors, when used as thermometers below 1 K, have a heat capacity similar to that found in Matsushita carbon-composition resistors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 466-468 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Superconducting films with nominal composition Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox have been prepared on 〈100〉 MgO substrates by sequential electron beam evaporation of Cu, Bi, and Sr2/3 Ca1/3 F2, followed by annealing in flowing wet, then dry, O2. X-ray diffraction data show that the films contain the two Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O phases that have been identified in the literature as a superconducting phase with c∼31 A(ring) and a semiconducting phase with c∼24 A(ring). Both phases are strongly textured with the c axis perpendicular to the substrate. For the best film, which was annealed at 870 °C for 30 min, zero resistance was observed at 90 K, and the critical current density increased from 0.8×105 A/cm2 at 77 K to 2.3×105 A/cm2 at 4.2 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 130-132 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A stable capacitance bridge has been designed to measure changes both in capacitance and in loss of three-terminal capacitors at temperatures ranging from 0.01 to 100 K. The circuit uses commercially available components, and has a resolution of better than 10−6. Also described is an anomalous voltage dependence present at low temperatures in capacitors which have electrodes applied using an evaporative or similar technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 5 (1971), S. 591-605 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The power absorbed by a surface at 0.2 K illuminated with thermal radiation from a surface at 0.9–6 K has been measured using a variety of materials for these surfaces. Also, the reduction in the absorbed power by the insertion of various thermal shields has been measured. The results are compared with theory and with other measurements. Conclusions as to appropriate design techniques for cryogenic apparatus are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 52 (1983), S. 115-135 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The low-temperature dielectric dispersions of LiF, NaCl, KCl, and KBr have been measured for different concentrations of OH−. With decreasing tunnel splitting of the OH− levels, and with increasing dipolar interaction, a behavior is observed below ∼1 K similar to that found in amorphous materials and attributed to two-level states (TLS). Differences between OH− and TLS are noted, the main difference being that the broad spectrum of energy levels associated with the OH− in alkali halides arises from dipolar interactions rather than an atomically disordered environment. It is argued that an electric dipole analog of the magnetic spin-glass state does not occur in the OH− systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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