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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Value-added blends and composites from recycled plastic fishing gear (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 1 (1995), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Among the various marine plastic debris, abandoned or lost fishing gear is a major pollutant, adversely affecting marine life and disturbing the ecological equilibrium. In an attempt to find a technological solution to recycling of the plastic fishing gear, two routes are evaluated. The first is melt reprocessing. Here, compatibilized blends and composites are prepared using various polymers - HDPE, nylon 6 (N6), nylon 66 (N66), etc. - obtained from melt reprocessing of fishnets. This approach involves cleaning, size reduction, melt extrusion and filtering, modification, and injection molding. Mechanical properties of blends and composites thus made are compared with commercial materials. The second approach uses these nets as organic fibrous reinforcements in polymeric matrices. N6 and N66 fibers obtained from fishnets are compounded with a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix at temperatures below the melting point of nylons. Good adhesion between the fibers and the matrix is obtained because of the interaction between nylons and TPU. Addition of nylon fibers to the TPU matrix result in improved stiffness. Shore hardness, abrasion resistance, etc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730010317
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoplastic composites from maleic anhydride modified post-consumer plastics (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 16 (1995), S. 204-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In attempts to identify potential applications for refined commingled postconsumer plastics, a feedstock containing about 80% polyethylene (PE) and lesser amounts of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was modified through functionalization with maleic anhydride in a co-rotating intermeshing twin-screw extruder. The modified and unmodified blends were compounded with various fillers and reinforcements such as glass fibers, mica flakes, talc, and calcium carbonate. Injection molded composites based on the modified matrix had, in general, superior mechanical and thermal properties. These findings are discussed in view of the improved adhesion resulting from reactions and/or enhanced polar interactions at phase boundaries. Several compounds prepared in this work had overall property data comparable to, or approaching those, of equivalent commercial HDPE molding compounds that are commonly used in “durable” applications.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750160304
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of peptides: Synthesis, crystal structure, molecular conformation, and conformational calculations of N-Boc-L-Phe-Dehydro-Ala-OCH3 (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 32 (1992), S. 1271-1276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is noteworthy that the dehydro-Ala residue adopts an extended conformation that is different than those observed in dehydro-Phe, dehydro-Leu, and dehydro-Abu. The peptide N-Boc-L -Phe-dehydro-Ala-OCH3 (C18H24N2O5) was synthesized by the usual workup procedure and finally by converting N-Boc-L-Phe-L-Ser-OCH3 to N-Boc-L-Phe-dehydro-Ala-OCH3. It was crystallized from its solution in a methanol-water mixture at room temperature. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space group P21 with a = 9.577(1) Å, b = 5.195 (3) Å, c = 19.563 (3) Å, β = 94.67 (5)°, V = 970.1(6) Å3, Z = 2, dm = 1.201(5) Mg m-3, dc = 1.197 (5) Mg m-3. The structure was determined using direct method procedures. It was refined by a full-matrix least-squares procedure to an R value of 0.048 for 1370 observed reflections. The C2α-C2β distance is 1.327 (8) Å, while the bond angles N2-C2α-C2' and C1'-N2-C2α are 109.8 (5)° and 127.8 (5)°, respectively. The backbone adopts a nonspecific conformation with dehydro-Ala in a fully extended conformation with the following torsion angles: θl = 175.2 (4)°, ω, 0 = 170.2 (4)°, ø1 = 135.8 (5)°, ψ 1 = -22.6(6)°, ω1 = 168.5 (5)°, ψ2,= -170.3(5)°, ψ2T = -178.6(5)°', θT = 178.4(7)°. The rigid planar and trans conformation of dehydro-Ala forces Phe to adopt a strained conformation. The Boc group has a trans-trans conformation. The side-chain torsion angles of the Phe residue are χ1 = 63.3(6)°, χ12,1 = -92.1(6)°, χ12,2 = 89.5 (6)°. The observed conformation is stabilized by three nonlinear intramolecular C - H---O type of interactions. The crystal structure is stabilized by an intermolecular hydrogen bond N1 - H1---O2 of distance 2.938(7) Å along the b axis while the van der Waals forces are the stabilizing interactions in the ac plane. The low-energy conformation found by calculations corresponds to the solid state conformation established by the crystal structure analysis. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360321002
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluating screw performance: Extrusion process stability and the degree of mixing from melt rheology data and from measurement on an instrumented extruderPresented at the Polymer Engineering Session during 2nd Intl. Congr. Chem. Eng., Montreal, 1982. (1986)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 1007-1011 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A comprehensive study of polyethylene extrusion was carried out with an instrumented extruder on several screws differing in geometry and paralleled with capillary rheometry of the extrudate leading to melt viscosity and elasticity functions. Assuming Oldroyd's constitutive equation for molten polyethylene and the extrudate melt temperature oscillation (ΔTm) as a measure of the process stability and an indication of melt mixing quality, it was found that the product of the dimensionless numbers (Deborah, De and Brinkman, Br) correlates well (r = 0.93) with ΔTm. Since the Br and De groups follow from the rheological characteristics of the melt and the extrusion process parameters, a relationship of type: ΔTm = a + b (De) (Br) appears useful in designing an extrusion process (for a polymer of known rheology) with respect to its stability, and indirectly, its mixing efficiency.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760261407
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Devolatilization of polymer melts: Machine geometry and scale factors (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1493-1499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This study was aimed at comparing vented extruder geometries and identifying scale-up parameters for melt devolatilization. Data are presented comparing single- and corotating twin-screw extruders for devolatilization of methyl methacrylate from poly(methyl methacrylate), and parameters are identified which characterize dynamic similarity for potential use in design and scale-up. These parameters include conventional process variables such as temperature, throughput, screw RPM, and degree of fill.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760302302
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compatibilization of refined commingled post-consumer plastics (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advances in Polymer Technology 13 (1994), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-6679
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In attempts to improve the properties of post-consumer commingled plastics waste a variety of additives that could potentially act as compatibilizers/impact modifiers were evaluated. The feedstock was representative of a model curbside collection program and contained a variety of polymers, mostly polyethylenes with PET, PP, PVC, etc., in smaller amounts. The ground mixed plastics were first compounded and melt filtered in a counter-rotating nonintermeshing twin-screw extruder and then combined with different amounts of additives in a corotating intermeshing twin-screw extruder. Additives included unmodified and maleated polyolefin elastomers and styrene/olefin block copolymers. Blends were analyzed for thermal and mechanical properties, and processability. The most effective modifier in terms of impact strength improvement was a styrenic block copolymer with very similar rheological characteristics to the commingled plastics matrix. The experimental observations were interpreted by considering the complex morphological features of the injection molded multicomponent, multiphase systems. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adv.1994.060130306
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