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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Small scale convection can be defined as that part of the mantle circulation in which upwellings and downwellings can occur beneath the lithosphere within the interiors of plates, in contrast to the large scale flow associated with plate motions where upwellings and downwellings occur at ridges and trenches. The two scales of convection will interact so that the form of the small scale convection will depend on how it arises within the large scale flow. Observations based on GEOS-3 and SEASAT altimetry suggest that small scale convection occurs in at least two different ways.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Geopotential Res. Mission (GRM); p 69-70
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Altimetric satellites showed the existence of gravity anomalies with wavelengths between 1500 km and 3000 km which correlated with residual depth anomalies. It was suggested that there is also an even smaller scale convective circulation with a wavelength of less than 500 km. Numerical experiments and SEASAT profiles demonstrate that similar small scale circulation must also exist near fracture zones. The mantle therefore must contain at least three scales of circulation: (1) comparable to the plate dimensions, the large scale circulation, which returns material from the Island arcs to the ridges; (2) an intermediate scale comparable to the depth of the upper mantle; and (3) a small scale comparable to the thickness of the asthenosphere. This picture was established by observations of gravity and bathymetry in oceanic regions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Geopotential Res. Mission (GRM); p 56
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The study of the earth's gravitational field has provided one of the principal methods for the determination of the structure of the outer layers of the earth. A project has been undertaken which involves the systematic examination of the relationship between the earth's gravity field and topography in each of the earth's major ocean basins. The first part of the project was concerned with the compilation, reduction, and analysis of the available surface-ship gravity and bathymetry and satellite-derived geoid data in the oceans of the earth. The present paper has the objective to summarize the principal results which have been obtained so far in the Pacific Ocean.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AD-A163260 , Geophysical Journal (ISSN 0016-8009); 83; 263-298
    Format: text
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