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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 19 (2004): PA4007, doi:10.1029/2003PA001000.
    Description: An analysis of sedimentary nitrogen isotope records compiled from widely distributed marine environments emphasizes the global synchrony of denitrification changes and provides evidence for a strong temporal coupling of these variations to changes in nitrogen fixation as previously inferred. We explain the global coherence of these records by a simple physical control on the flux of dissolved oxygen to suboxic zones and the coupling to fixation via the supply of phosphorus to diazotrophs in suitable environments. According to our hypothesis, lower glacial-stage sea surface temperature increased oxygen solubility, while stronger winds in high-latitude regions enhanced the rate of thermocline ventilation. The resultant colder, rapidly flushed thermocline lessened the spatial extent of denitrification and, consequently, N fixation. During warm periods, sluggish circulation of warmer, less oxygen rich thermocline waters caused expansion of denitrification zones and a concomitant increase in N fixation. Local fluctuations in export productivity would have modulated this global signal.
    Description: Financial support for this work was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and by a WHOI postdoctoral fellowship to MK.
    Keywords: Isotopes ; Fixation ; Denitrification
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 20 (2005): PA2009, doi:10.1029/2004PA001081.
    Description: The bulk sedimentary nitrogen isotopic composition of two cores from nearby sites on the northern slope of the South China Sea (Site 17940 and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1144) differs by up to 〉2‰ during the last glacial period. Given their close proximity, both core sites are located in the same biogeographic zone and nutrient regime, and it is thus unlikely that this offset is due to a true gradient in surface ocean conditions. In an attempt to resolve this offset, we have investigated the possible effects of two sedimentological parameters that can affect bulk sedimentary δ15N, namely, the variable contribution of inorganic N to bulk N in the sediment and the grain-size dependence of bulk δ15N. We find that neither effect, singly or in combination, is sufficient to explain the significant δ15N offset between the two down-core records. By elimination the most likely explanation for the observed discrepancy is a different origin of both the organic and inorganic nitrogen at each site. This study adds to the growing body of evidence highlighting the complex nature and origin of the sedimentary components in sediment drifts, such as ODP Site 1144.
    Description: Funding from NSERC Canada (to S.E.C. and M.K.) and NSF (OCE-0214365 and OCE-0318371 to M.J.H. and OCE-0327405 to T.I.E.) is gratefully acknowledged, as well as Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Postdoctoral Fellowships (M.K. and G.M.), the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Postdoctoral Program in Environmental Chemistry (M.J.H.), and a Geological Society of America student research grant (M.K.).
    Keywords: Sediment drift ; South China Sea ; Nitrogen isotopes
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nature 443, 846–849 (2006) In Figure 1 of this Letter, the units of organic carbon burial flux on the left y axis should be g m-2 yr-1 and not ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Surface ocean conditions in the equatorial Pacific Ocean could hold the clue to whether millennial-scale global climate change during glacial times was initiated through tropical ocean–atmosphere feedbacks or by changes in the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. North Atlantic cold ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 376 (1995), S. 755-758 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Water-column denitrification accounts for almost half (60-QOTgNyr™1) of the total oceanic loss of fixed nitrogen and occurs primarily in three areas: the eastern tropical North Pacific (ETNP), the eastern tropical South Pacific and the Arabian Sea4 6. Each of these regions is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Kienast, Stephanie S; Calvert, Stephen E; Pedersen, Thomas F (2002): Nitrogen isotope and productivity variations along the northeast Pacific margin over the last 120 kyr: Surface and subsurface paleoceanography. Paleoceanography, 17(4), 1055, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001PA000650
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Glacial-interglacial changes in sedimentary d15N over the last 120 kyr display a remarkably similar pattern in timing and amplitude in core records extending from the denitrification zone in the eastern tropical North Pacific (ETNP), where subsurface denitrification is active, to the Oregon margin, where no denitrification occurs today. Low d15N values (4-6 per mil) generally characterize glacial stages 2 and 4, and higher d15N values (7-10 per mil) are representative of the Holocene, millennial-scale periods within stage 3, and stage 5. The inferred synchroneity of d15N variations along the entire margin implies that the nitrate isotopic signal produced in the oxygen-poor subsurface waters in the ETNP is rapidly advected northward and recorded at sites far beyond the boundaries of the modern denitrification zone. Similar to d15N, primary production indicators (percent Corg, Ba/Al, and percent opal) show glacial-interglacial as well as millennial-scale variations along the NE Pacific margin, with higher primary production during warm periods. However, the relative phasing between d15N and paleoproduction tracers within individual records changes latitudinally. Whereas d15N and primary production vary approximately synchronously in the midlatitudes, production lags d15N in the ETNP by several kiloyears. This lag calls for a new understanding of the processes driving denitrification in the ETNP. We suggest that oxygen input by the Equatorial Undercurrent as well as local organic matter flux controls denitrification rates in the ETNP. Moreover, the differences in relative timing point to a time-transgressive development of upwelling-favorable winds along the NE Pacific margin after the last glaciation, with those in the north developing several kiloyears earlier.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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  • 7
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Thunell, Robert C; Qingmin, Miao; Calvert, Stephen E; Pedersen, Thomas F (1992): Glacial-Holocene biogenic sedimentation Patterns in the South China Sea: productivity variations and surface water pCO2. Paleoceanography, 7(2), 143-162, https://doi.org/10.1029/92PA00278
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: A bathymetric transect of cores in the South China Sea extending from 4200-m to less than 1000-m water depth has been examined for glacial-interglacial changes in carbonate and organic carbon sedimentation. Typical 'Pacific carbonate cycles' (high carbonate content during glacials and low carbonate content during interglacials) characterize cores from water depths deeper than 3500 m. In contrast, 'Atlantic carbonate cycles' (low carbonate during glacials and high carbonate during interglacials) are observed in cores from depths shallower than 3000 m as a result of increased dilution of carbonate by terrigenous material during glacial low stands of sea level. Glacial-interglacial changes in the carbonate chemistry of South China Sea intermediate and deep waters resulted in significant changes in the positions of the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) and the aragonite compensation depth (ACD). During the last glacial the CCD and ACD were at least 400 and 1200 m deeper, respectively, than at present. Organic carbon accumulation rates in the South China Sea were approximately 2 times higher during the last glacial than the Holocene. Carbon isotopic analyses and C/N ratios of the organic matter indicate that only a small fraction of the increase in glacial organic carbon accumulation can be attributed to input of terrestrial carbon. On the basis of this we conclude that surface water productivity in the South China Sea was approximately 2 times higher during the last glacial maximum. This is consistent with previous studies which have demonstrated that glacial productivity was higher in low- to mid-latitude regions of the Atlantic and eastern Pacific. The deglacial decrease in organic carbon accumulation is accompanied by a decrease in delta13Corg. Using the relationship between delta13Corg and [CO2](aq) developed by Popp et al. [1989], we estimate that surface water pCO2 values in the South China Sea during the last 25,000 years were very similar to atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
    Keywords: GGC; Giant gravity corer; MOANAWAVE01; MOANAWAVE02; MOANAWAVE03; MOANAWAVE04; MOANAWAVE06; MOANAWAVE09; MOANAWAVE10; MOANAWAVE11; MOANAWAVE12; MOANAWAVE13; South China Sea
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 10 datasets
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  • 8
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Chang, Alice S; Bertram, Miriam A; Ivanochko, Tara S; Calvert, Stephen E; Dallimore, A; Thomson, Richard E (2013): Annual record of particle fluxes, geochemistry and diatoms in Effingham Inlet, British Columbia, Canada, and the impact of the 1999 La Niña event. Marine Geology, 337, 20-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.01.003
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Sediment traps were deployed inside the anoxic inner basin of Effingham Inlet and at the oxygenated mouth of the inlet from May 1999 to September 2000 in a pilot study to determine the annual depositional cycle and impact of the 1999-2000 La Niña event within a western Canadian inlet facing the open Pacific Ocean. Total mass flux, geochemical parameters (carbon, nitrogen, opal, major and minor element contents, and stable isotope ratios) and diatom assemblages were determined and compared with meteorological and oceanographic data. Deposition was seasonal, with coarser grained terrestrial components and benthic diatoms settling in the autumn and winter, coincident with the rainy season. Marine sedimentary components and abundant pelagic diatoms were coincident with coastal upwelling in the spring and summer. Despite the seasonal differences in deposition, the typical temperate-zone Thalassiosira-Skeletonema-Chaetoceros bloom succession was muted. A July 1999 total mass flux peak and an increase in biogenous components coincided with a rare bottom-water oxygen renewal event in the inlet. Likewise, there were cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures (SSTs) just outside the inlet, and unusually high abundances of a previously undescribed cool-water marine diatom (Fragilariopsis pacifica sp. nov.) within the inlet. Each of these occurrences likely reflects a response to the strong La Niña that followed the year after the strongest-ever recorded El Niño event of 1997-1998. By the autumn of 1999, SSTs had returned to average, and F. pacifica had all but disappeared from the remaining trap record, indicating that oceanographic conditions had returned to normal. Oxygenation events were not witnessed in the inlet in the years before or after 1999, suggesting that a rare oceanographic and climatic event was captured by this sediment trap time series. The data from this record can therefore be used as a benchmark for identifying anomalous environmental conditions on this coast.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-02-12
    Keywords: Aluminium; Barium; British Columbia, Canada; Calcium; Calculated; Chlorine; Chromium; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Dry mass; Duration, number of days; Effingham_inlet-mouth_BAT; Effingham_inner-basin_BAT; Event label; Flux of total mass; Iron; Magnesium; Manganese; Measured; Nickel; Number; Phosphorus; Potassium; Potassium/Aluminium ratio; Sample code/label; Sample mass; Silicon; Sodium; Strontium; Sulfur; Titanium; Titanium/Aluminium ratio; Trap; TRAP; Vanadium; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); Zinc
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1514 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-02-25
    Keywords: Climatic Variability of the Mediterranean Paleo-circulation; CLIVAMP; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Globigerinoides ruber white, δ18O; Marion Dufresne (1972); Mass spectrometer VG Micromass 602; MD84-658; Mediterranean Sea; NOE; PC; Piston corer
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9 data points
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