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  • 1
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    Adaptive variable-length coding for efficient compression of spacecraft television data. (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An adaptive variable length coding system is presented. Although developed primarily for the proposed Grand Tour missions, many features of this system clearly indicate a much wider applicability. Using sample to sample prediction, the coding system produces output rates within 0.25 bit/picture element (pixel) of the one-dimensional difference entropy for entropy values ranging from 0 to 8 bit/pixel. This is accomplished without the necessity of storing any code words. Performance improvements of 0.5 bit/pixel can be simply achieved by utilizing previous line correlation. A Basic Compressor, using concatenated codes, adapts to rapid changes in source statistics by automatically selecting one of three codes to use for each block of 21 pixels. The system adapts to less frequent, but more dramatic, changes in source statistics by adjusting the mode in which the Basic Compressor operates on a line-to-line basis. Furthermore, the compression system is independent of the quantization requirements of the pulse-code modulation system.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology; COM-19; Dec. 197
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Image data compression application to imaging spectrometers (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The potential of image data compression techniques to satisfy the anticipated requirements of imaging spectrometer missions is discussed. Noiseless coding, rate controlled compression, cluster compression, and error protection are addressed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Multispectral Imaging Science Working Group, Vol. 3; 24 p
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Remote-Imaging Parameters (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Image resolution, image quality and data transmission rate of remote imaging systems continuously controlled by operator intervention. Set of levers allows operator to control independently frame rate, frame size and image quality in bits per pixel. System used for imaging systems in aircraft or remotely piloted vehicles.
    Keywords: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
    Type: NPO-14689 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 8; 3; P. 336
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    The development of efficient coding for an electronic mail system (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Techniques for efficiently representing scanned electronic documents were investigated. Major results include the definition and preliminary performance results of a Universal System for Efficient Electronic Mail (USEEM), offering a potential order of magnitude improvement over standard facsimile techniques for representing textual material.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: NASA-CR-173201 , JPL-PUB-83-64 , NAS 1.26:173201
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Coding for Efficient Image Transmission (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: NASA publication second in series on data-coding techniques for noiseless channels. Techniques used even in noisy channels, provided data further processed with Reed-Solomon or other error-correcting code. Techniques discussed in context of transmission of monochrome imagery from Voyager II spacecraft but applicable to other streams of data. Objective of this type coding to "compress" data; that is, to transmit using as few bits as possible by omitting as much as possible of portion of information repeated in subsequent samples (or picture elements).
    Keywords: MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATION SCIENCES
    Type: NPO-16444 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 9; 3; P. 171
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Mission science value-cost savings from the Advanced Imaging Communication System (AICS) (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An Advanced Imaging Communication System (AICS) was proposed in the mid-1970s as an alternative to the Voyager data/communication system architecture. The AICS achieved virtually error free communication with little loss in the downlink data rate by concatenating a powerful Reed-Solomon block code with the Voyager convolutionally coded, Viterbi decoded downlink channel. The clean channel allowed AICS sophisticated adaptive data compression techniques. Both Voyager and the Galileo mission have implemented AICS components, and the concatenated channel itself is heading for international standardization. An analysis that assigns a dollar value/cost savings to AICS mission performance gains is presented. A conservative value or savings of $3 million for Voyager, $4.5 million for Galileo, and as much as $7 to 9.5 million per mission for future projects such as the proposed Mariner Mar 2 series is shown.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-174170 , JPL-PUB-84-33 , NAS 1.26:174170
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Coding for Electronic Mail (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Scheme for coding facsimile messages promises to reduce data transmission requirements to one-tenth current level. Coding scheme paves way for true electronic mail in which handwritten, typed, or printed messages or diagrams sent virtually instantaneously - between buildings or between continents. Scheme, called Universal System for Efficient Electronic Mail (USEEM), uses unsupervised character recognition and adaptive noiseless coding of text. Image quality of resulting delivered messages improved over messages transmitted by conventional coding. Coding scheme compatible with direct-entry electronic mail as well as facsimile reproduction. Text transmitted in this scheme automatically translated to word-processor form.
    Keywords: MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATION SCIENCES
    Type: NPO-16350 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 9; 3; P. 166
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Lossless Coding Standards for Space Data Systems (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: The International Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) is preparing to issue its first recommendation for a digital data compression standard. Because the space data systems of primary interest are employed to support scientific investigations requiring accurate representation, this initial standard will be restricted to lossless compression.
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Introduction to the concepts of TELEDEMO and TELEDIMS (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An introduction to the system concepts: TELEDEMO and TELEDIMS is provided. TELEDEMO is derived primarily from computer graphics and, via incorporation of sophisticated image data compression, enables effective low cost teleconferencing at data rates as low as 1K bit/second using dial-up phone lines. Combining TELEDEMO's powerful capabilities for the development of presentation material with microprocessor-based Information Management Systems (IMS) yields a truly all electronic IMS called TELEDIMS.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: NASA-CR-170294 , NAS 1.26:170294 , JPL-PUB-82-108
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Some practical universal noiseless coding techniques, part 2 (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report is an extension of earlier work (Part 1) which provided practical adaptive techniques for the efficient noiseless coding of a broad class of data sources characterized by only partially known and varying statistics (JPL Publication 79-22). The results here, while still claiming such general applicability, focus primarily on the noiseless coding of image data. A fairly complete and self-contained treatment is provided. Particular emphasis is given to the requirements of the forthcoming Voyager II encounters of Uranus and Neptune. Performance evaluations are supported both graphically and pictorially. Expanded definitions of the algorithms in Part 1 yield a computationally improved set of options for applications requiring efficient performance at entropies above 4 bits/sample. These expanded definitions include as an important subset, a somewhat less efficient but extremely simple "FAST' compressor which will be used at the Voyager Uranus encounter. Additionally, options are provided which enhance performance when atypical data spikes may be present.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-CR-172769 , JPL-PUB-83-17 , NAS 1.26:172769
    Format: application/pdf
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