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  • 1
    Call number: AWI A12-99-0397
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVIII, 654 S.
    ISBN: 0195105214
    Series Statement: Topics in Environmental Chemistry
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Call number: AWI A8-98-0063
    In: NATO ASI Series
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 365 S.
    ISBN: 3540634746
    Series Statement: NATO ASI Series, Series I : Global Environmental Change 54
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 3
    Call number: 12/M 03.0296
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 300 S.
    ISBN: 3540430504
    Series Statement: Global change-the IGBP series
    Classification:
    Meteorology and Climatology
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 4
    Call number: AWI A8-95-0060
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 452 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Second revised editon 1986, reprinted 1995
    ISBN: 9027723435
    Series Statement: Atmospheric Sciences Library
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Preface. - List of Principal Symbols. - Chapter 1. The Middle Atmosphere and Its Evolution. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Evolution of the Earth's atmosphere. - 1.3 Possible perturbations. - References. - Chapter 2. Chemical Concepts in the Atmosphere. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Thermodynamic considerations. - 2.3 Elementary chemical kinetics. - 2.3.1 Collision theory of bimolecular reactions. - 2.3.2 Unimolecular reactions. - 2.3.3 Termolecular reactions. - 2.4 Term symbols and their use. - 2.4.1 General. - 2.4.2 Selection rules for electronic radiative processes. - 2.5 Photolysis processes. - 2.6 Excited species in the middle atmosphere. - References and bibliography. - Chapter 3. Structure and Dynamics. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Vertical structure and some observed dynamical characteristics. - 3.3 Fundamental description of atmospheric dynamics. - 3.3.1 The primitive equations. - 3.3.2 The quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity equation. - 3.4 Effects of dynamics on chemical species. - 3.5 General circulation models. - 3.6 Dynamics of the stratosphere in two dimensions: a conceptual view. - 3.6.1 Zonal means and eddies. - 3.6.2 Descriptions of the mean meridional stratospheric circulation. - 3.7 The importance of wave transience and dissipation. - 3.8 One dimensional representations of the atmosphere. - References. - Chapter 4. Radiation. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere. - 4.2.1 The sun as a black body. - 4.2.2 The observed solar spectrum. - 4.3 The attenuation of solar radiation in the atmosphere. - 4.3.1 Absorption. - 4.3.2 Scattering by molecules and aerosol particles. - 4.4 Radiative transfer. - 4.4.1 General equations. - 4.4.2 Solution of the equation of radiative transfer for wavelengths less than 4 µm : Multiple scattering. - 4.4.3 Solution of the radiative transfer equation at wavelengths longer than 4 µm : Absorption and emission of infrared radiation. - 4.5 The thermal effects of radiation. - 4.5.1 Heating due to absorption of radiation. - 4.5.2 Cooling by radiative emission. - 4.6 Photochemical effects of radiation. - 4.6.1 General. - 4.6.2 Absorption cross sections of the principal atmospheric molecules 4.6.3 Numerical calculation of photodissociation coefficients. - References. - Chapter 5. Composition and Chemistry. - 5.1 General. - 5.2 Oxygen compounds. - 5.2.1 Pure oxygen chemistry. - 5.2.2 The odd oxygen family and some observations. - 5.3 Carbon compounds. - 5.3.1 Methane. - 5.3.2 Methane oxidation chemistry. - 5.3.3 Some end products of methane oxidation: carbon monoxide and dioxide. - 5.4 Hydrogen compounds. - 5.4.1 General. - 5.4.2 Odd hydrogen chemistry. - 5.4.3 The odd hydrogen family and some observations. - 5.5 Nitrogen compounds. - 5.5.1 Sources of stratospheric nitrogen oxides. - 5.5.2 Chemistry of odd nitrogen and nitric acid in the stratosphere. - 5.5.3 The odd nitrogen family: lifetimes and observations. - 5.5.4 Chemistry of odd nitrogen in the lower thermosphere and mesosphere. - 5.5.5 The odd nitrogen family in the lower thermosphere and mesophere. - 5.6 Chlorine compounds. - 5.6.1 General. - 5.6.2 Chlorine chemistry. - 5.6.3 The odd chlorine family: lifetimes and observations. - 5.7 Other halogens. - 5.8 Sulfur compounds and formation ofaerosols. - 5.9 Generalized ozone balance. - References. - Chapter 6. The Ions. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Formation of ions in the middle atmosphere. - 6.2.1 Effect of solar radiation. - 6.2.2 The effect of energetic particles. - 6.2.3 Comparison of different ionization processes. - 6.3 Positive ion chemistry. - 6.3.1 Positive ions in the E region. - 6.3.2 Positive ions in the D region. - 6.3.3 Positive ions in the stratosphere. - 6.4 Negative ion chemistry. - 6.4.1 Negative ions in the D region. - 6.4.2 Negative ions in the stratosphere. - 6.5 Effect of ionic processes on neutral constituents. - 6.6 Radio waves in the lower ionosphere. - References. - Chapter 7. Possible Perturbations and Atmospheric Responses. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 The importance of coupling in the study of perturbations. - 7.3 The effect of changes in the solar irradiance. - 7.4 Particle precipitation. - 7.5 Volcanic emissions. - 7.6 Anthropogenic emissions. - 7.6.1 Carbon dioxide. - 7.6.2 Methane. - 7.6.3 Nitrous oxide. - 7.6.4 Aircraft in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. - 7.6.5 The chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's). - 7.6.6 Simultaneous perturbations. - References. - Appendix A. Numerical values of physical constants and other data. - Appendix B. Conversion factors. - Appendix C. Reaction rate constants. - Appendix D. Estimated mixing ratio profiles. - Index.
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 5
    Keywords: Environment ; Climatology ; Climate change ; Environment ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Management and Policy ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Climatology
    Description / Table of Contents: Teil 1: Globale Klimaprojektionen und regionale Projektionen für Deutschland und Europa --- Teil 2: Klimawandel in Deutschland: Regionale Besonderheiten und Extreme --- Teil 3: Auswirkungen des Klimawandels in Deutschland --- Teil 4: Übergreifende Risiken und Unsicherheiten --- Teil 5: Integrierte Strategien zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel.   
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 348 Seiten) , 116 Abbildungen, 50 Abbildungen in Farbe
    ISBN: 9783662503973
    Language: German
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  • 6
    Keywords: Environment ; Climatology ; Climate change ; Environment ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Management and Policy ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Climatology
    Description / Table of Contents: Teil 1: Globale Klimaprojektionen und regionale Projektionen für Deutschland und Europa --- Teil 2: Klimawandel in Deutschland: Regionale Besonderheiten und Extreme --- Teil 3: Auswirkungen des Klimawandels in Deutschland --- Teil 4: Übergreifende Risiken und Unsicherheiten --- Teil 5: Integrierte Strategien zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel.   
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 348 Seiten) , 116 Abbildungen, 50 Abbildungen in Farbe
    ISBN: 9783662503973
    Language: German
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 352 (1991), S. 668-669 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SINCE late 1978, atmospheric ozone has been continuously monitored by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) on the Nimbus 7 satellite. A revised version of the data, corrected to ensure internal consistency between the ozone values derived from measurements at different wavelengths1, has now ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 348 (1990), S. 626-628 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Stratospheric aerosols (solutions of sulphuric acid in water) are present in the lower stratosphere at all latitudes. The aerosol layer, discovered by Junge5, extends from about 10 to 30km altitude; the aerosol concentration, and therefore the area available for heterogeneous chemistry, is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 342 (1989), S. 225-226 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE formation of an ozone hole inside the polar vortex over the Antarctic continent each spring (September to November) since the late 1970s has been a cause of wide concern. In a rather provocative paper on page 233 of this issue1, Proffitt et al. suggest that, from August to September, a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: We use the global Community Earth System Model to investigate the response of secondary pollutants (ozone O3, secondary organic aerosols SOA) in different parts of the world in response to modified emissions of primary pollutants during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We quantify the respective effects of the reductions in NOx and in volatile organic carbon (VOC) emissions, which, in most cases, affect oxidants in opposite ways. Using model simulations, we show that the level of NOx has been reduced by typically 40% in China during February 2020 and by similar amounts in many areas of Europe and North America in mid‐March to mid‐April 2020, in good agreement with space and surface observations. We show that, relative to a situation in which the emission reductions are ignored and despite the calculated increase in hydroxyl and peroxy radicals, the ozone concentration increased only in a few NOx‐saturated regions (northern China, northern Europe, and the US) during the winter months of the pandemic when the titration of this molecule by NOx was reduced. In other regions, where ozone is NOx‐controlled, the concentration of ozone decreased. SOA concentrations decrease in response to the concurrent reduction in the NOx and VOC emissions. The model also shows that atmospheric meteorological anomalies produced substantial variations in the concentrations of chemical species during the pandemic. In Europe, for example, a large fraction of the ozone increase in February 2020 was associated with meteorological anomalies, while in the North China Plain, enhanced ozone concentrations resulted primarily from reduced emissions of primary pollutants.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: With the reduction in economic activities following the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak in early 2020, most emissions of air pollutants (i.e., nitrogen oxides [NOx], carbon monoxide [CO], sulfur dioxide [SO2], volatile organic carbon [VOC], black carbon [BC], organic carbon [OC]) have decreased substantially during several months in different regions of the world. This unintended global experiment offered a glimpse into a potential future in which air quality would be improved. Here, a global atmospheric model is used to assess the changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere during the pandemic period and in the related chemical processes that lead to the formation of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The study illustrates the nonlinearity of the air quality response to reduced NOx and VOC emissions, which depends on the chemical environment including the background level of nitrogen oxides. Meteorological variability can lead to anomalies in the concentration of chemical species with magnitudes that are as large or even larger than the perturbations due to COVID‐induced changes in the emissions.
    Description: Key Points: During the COVID‐19 lockdown, the atmospheric concentration of primary pollutants (NOx, VOCs, CO, SO2) was considerably reduced The concentration of secondary pollutants increased in NOx‐saturated areas and decreased in NOx‐limited areas The response of the chemical system depends on the relative changes in NOx and VOC emissions, and is affected by weather variability
    Description: AQ‐WATCH European project, HORIZON 2020 Research and Innovation Action
    Description: Hong Kong Research Grants Council
    Keywords: 577.276 ; pandemic period 2020 ; global atmospheric model ; air pollutants emissions
    Type: article
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