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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TOXICITY TESTING OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Groundwater is an important resource in the UK, with 45% of public water supplies in the Thames Water region derived from subterranean sources. In urban areas, groundwater has been affected by anthropogenic activities over a long period of time and from a multitude of sources. At present, groundwater quality is assessed using a range of chemical species to determine the extent of contamination. However, analysing a complex mixture of chemicals is time-consuming and expensive, whereas the use of an ecotoxicity test provides information on (a) the degree of pollution present in the groundwater and (b) the potential effect of that pollution. MicrotoxTM, EcloxTM and Daphnia magna microtests were used in conjunction with standard chemical protocols to assess the contamination of groundwaters from sites throughout the London Borough of Hounslow and nearby Heathrow Airport. Because of their precision, range of responses and ease of use, Daphnia magna and MicrotoxTM tests are the bioassays that appear to be most effective for assessing groundwater toxicity. However, neither test is ideal because it is also essential to monitor water hardness. EcloxTM does not appear to be suitable for use in groundwater-quality assessment in this area, because it is adversely affected by high total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2005.tb00544.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Stability of the Oxford Clay as a Mineral Liner for Landfill (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 12 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The paper discusses the mineralogical and chemical stability of the Oxford Clay as a landfill liner for the containment of domestic waste. The results from a series of batch equilibrium experiments with the mudrock and a synthetic leachate are compared with samples of a liner cored from a 15-year-old site in the Formation. The effects of leachate on the Clay include mineral dissolution, exchange of cations, particle-size reduction and collapse of illite-smectite. In situ mixed-assemblage mineral liners, such as the Oxford Clay, are capable of attenuating leachate components and buffering acid leachates whilst the predominant clay minerals, i.e. illite and kaolinite, remain stable. Alterations to the mineralogy and chemistry of the samples resulting from both short-term and long-term exposure to leachate are discussed with reference to the implications to landfill practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1998.tb00155.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stilpnomelane from the Dalradian (1965)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 207 (1965), S. 971-972 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two distinct members of the stilpnomelane group of minerals have been found in the Ben Ledi Grits of the Highland Border area. They occur in association with albite, microcline, quartz, muscovite and chlorite north west of Aberfoyle in Perthshire. On the basis of their pleochroism, the Dalradian ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/207971a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Groundwater Pollution and the Disposal of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The demand for‘Rolls-Royce’ solutions to the disposal of hazardous and radioactive wastes has seen a continuing move towards more sophisticated disposal concepts. If a disposal site for radioactive wastes meets the strict requirements laid down by Government departments it is difficult to see why there should be any impact to groundwater of concern to the water industry. Hazardous wastes are a much more significant problem, and the large size of many landfills, other pressures on groundwater quality and current EC directives are all contributing to a move away from the use of ‘dilute and disperse’ sites. It is argued that the long-term performance of containment sites needs to be carefully evaluated over timescales of 2-3 decades, as over such periods a correctly-managed policy of ‘dilute and disperse’ may result in less of an overall impact to the environment than a policy of ‘concentrate and contain’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1989.tb01364.x
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  • 5
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    Grace Anne Milne (Lady Prestwich): more than an amanuensis? (2007)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 281: 251-264.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-29
    Description: Grace Anne Milne, born in 1832, was the eldest child of James Milne of Findhorn in Morayshire and his wife Louisa Falconer, sister of the eminent botanist and palaeontologist Hugh Falconer. A marriage to George McCall in 1854 was short-lived. Widowed within 18 months and also losing her infant son, bereavement was followed by some years of depression. At this stage in her life an interest in geology was kindled by her uncle, who had been forced to give up his post in India because of the state of his health. From 1858 she travelled abroad with Falconer and subsequently resided with him in London until his death in 1865. During this period Grace both organized his household and acted as his secretary and companion. His regular and frank letters to her, about his scientific ideas, demonstrate that the relationship was more than one of domestic convenience. In 1870 Grace married Joseph Prestwich, a friend of Falconer and a London wine merchant who spent all his spare time geologizing'. They lived at Shoreham near Sevenoaks in Kent and, between 1874 and 1887, lived for part of the year in Oxford after Prestwich's appointment as professor of geology at the university. With Prestwich's encouragement, from 1874, she began to publish novels, travel articles and scientific papers, as well as helping him in the preparation of his own lectures and diagrams. Her six Chapters on Geology were published in 1880 as well as other articles on subjects such as Scottish scenery and the Channel Tunnel. Most were published in magazines, such as Leisure Hour and Every Girl's Magazine, designed for a readership from the prosperous middle classes. Her interest in geology meant that she was able to play a full part in Prestwich's life, helping him with his work and travelling with him on his geological adventures. She was a geologist in her own right and held in high regard by the Fellows of the Geological Society.
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  • 6
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    200 years of British hydrogeology -- an introduction and overview (2007)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 225: 1-13.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: In the early years of the 19th century William Smith and his pupil John Farey began to apply stratigraphic principles to the sinking of water wells. Between 1840 and 1870 engineers, such as Robert Stephenson, and geologists, such as James Clutterbuck, Joseph Prestwich and David Ansted began to make systematic observations. After 1870 Geological Survey officers, particularly William Whitaker, Joseph Lucas and Charles de Rance, became involved in groundwater work. Lucas introduced the term hydrogeology and produced the first British hydrogeological maps. The first half of the 20th century was a period of missed opportunities with the significant advances in hydrogeology taking place in mainland Europe and North America. The Water Act of 1945 marked the start of a new era in which the Geological Survey and, after 1965, the Water Resources Board led the way. Hydrogeology is now a mainstream branch of geology in Britain and interest in the subject is such that the Hydrogeological Group of the Geological Society has a membership of around 1050.
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  • 7
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    Joseph Lucas (1846-1926) -- Victorian polymath and a key figure in the development of British hydrogeology (2007)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 225: 67-88.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: Joseph Lucas joined the Geological Survey in 1867 and spent almost 9 years mapping in Yorkshire. Forced to resign in ignominious circumstances, for the rest of his life he earned his living advising on groundwater supplies. In 1874 he was the first to use the term hydrogeology in its modern context and defined this new subject in a series of papers in the 1870s. He drew the first British maps showing groundwater contours and described how to carry out a hydrogeological survey. For many years he lobbied for such a survey to be carried out over the whole country and for it to be used as a basis for water resource planning. He was an accomplished linguist, translating material from a variety of European languages, and wrote books on natural history and genealogy. He and his family lived at Tooting, in south London, where he is buried in the Churchyard of Saint Nicholas.
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  • 8
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    Stevenson Buchan (1907-1996): field geologist, hydrogeologist and administrator (2007)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 225: 287-293.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: Stevenson Buchan, a Scot educated at Aberdeen University, joined the Geological Survey of Great Britain in 1931. Assigned to the Southern District Unit he became involved in hydrogeology when he revised the 6-inch to the mile maps of Greater London. This led to the publication of a memoir on the water supply of the County of London in 1938. During the war he was involved in the search for water and coal. Appointed Head of a new Water Department when hostilities ceased he was given responsibility for overseeing the statutory obligations placed on the Survey by recent Water Acts. He developed around him a group of able colleagues creating the first groundwater research group of any size in the UK. Promoted to Assistant Director in 1960, he was very active internationally and in his role as an enabler and administrator played an important role in the development of hydrogeology in the UK.
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  • 9
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    Geology and landscape in SW England in the late eighteenth century, as recorded in the travel journals of William George Maton (1774-1840) (2014)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: In the summer of 1794 William George Maton, together with his friends Charles Hatchett and Thomas Rackett, embarked on a tour into Cornwall visiting the more southerly parts of Dorset and Devon en route . Rackett and Maton completed a second tour two years later, covering the rest of Dorset and Devon together with Somerset. An account of the tours was subsequently published by Maton, providing a contemporary description of SW England during the latter part of the eighteenth century. This was perhaps the first description of the region by scientifically aware travellers. They explored valleys, descended mines, visited smelters and collected minerals and must be regarded as among the earliest geotourists. Many sites which they visited, such as Roche Rock in Cornwall, Kent's Cavern in Devon and Wookey Hole in Somerset, became major attractions for geoscientists in the following centuries. Discussions in the text suggest that the travellers looked at the rocks with neptunist eyes. Maton summarized the geological and mineralogical references on a map which used shading with lines rather than colour to differentiate individual strata. Although rudimentary and inaccurate, the map is of considerable historic importance.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 10
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    Groundwater supplies to maritime and coastal defences in southern England: a story of risk and innovation (2019)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The viability of any fort or garrison depends on the availability of a reliable water supply. The source of choice is an underlying aquifer, reached by a secure on-site well or borehole. Unfortunately, at coastal and maritime sites, seawater intrusion can cause problems. In the late eighteenth century a deep well was sunk to supply the garrison at Sheerness, Kent, which successfully exploited sands beneath the London Clay. At Landguard Fort in Suffolk, a shallow gallery was designed to skim freshwater overlying saline water within loose sand and shingle. In the mid-nineteenth century, a network of forts was built to defend the Royal Dockyard at Portsmouth, which included some offshore forts on the Spithead shoals. Boreholes were drilled beneath these forts to abstract water from the Chalk thought to lie beneath. The Chalk proved to be at too great a depth, but the Bracklesham Group yielded a sustainable supply from 〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0375-6440
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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