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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 42 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 42 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Submarine ground water discharge is suggested to be an important pathway for contaminants from continents to coastal zones, but its significance depends on the volume of water and concentrations of contaminants that originate in continental aquifers. Ground water discharge to the Banana River Lagoon, Florida, was estimated by analyzing the temporal and spatial variations of Cl− concentration profiles in the upper 230 cm of pore waters and was measured directly by seepage meters. Total submarine ground water discharge consists of slow discharge at depths 〉 ∼70 cm below seafloor (cmbsf) of largely marine water combined with rapid discharge of mixed pore water and estuarine water above ∼70 cmbsf. Cl− profiles indicate average linear velocities of ∼0.014 cm/d at depths 〉 ∼70 cmbsf. In contrast, seepage meters indicate water discharges across the sediment-water interface at rates between 3.6 and 6.9 cm/d. The discrepancy appears to be caused by mixing in the shallow sediment, which may result from a combination of bioirrigation, wave and tidal pumping, and convection. Wave and tidal pumping and convection would be minor because the tidal range is small, the short fetch of the lagoon limits wave heights, and large density contacts are lacking between lagoon and pore water. Mixing occurs to ∼70 cmbsf, which represents depths greater than previously reported. Mixing of oxygenated water to these depths could be important for remineralization of organic matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 42 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Ground water sources can be a significant portion of a local water budget in estuarine environments, particularly in areas with high recharge rates, transmissive aquifers, and permeable marine sediments. However, field measurements of ground water discharge are often incongruent with ground water flow modeling results, leaving many scientists unsure which estimates are accurate. In this study, we find that both measurements and model results are reasonable. The difference between estimates apparently results from the sources of water being measured and not the techniques themselves. In two locations in the Indian River Lagoon estuarine system, we found seepage meter rates similar to rates calculated from the geochemical tracers 222Rn and 226Ra. Ground water discharge rates ranged from 4 to 9 cm/d using seepage meters and 3 to 20 cm/d using 222Rn and 226Ra. In contrast, in comparisons to other studies where finite element ground water flow modeling was used, much lower ground water discharge rates of ∼0.05 to 0.15 cm/d were estimated. These low rates probably represent discharge of meteoric ground water from land-recharged aquifers, while the much higher rates measured with seepage meters, 222Rn, and 226Ra likely include an additional source of surface waters that regularly flush shallow (〈 1 m depth) sediments. This resultant total flow of mixed land-recharged water and recirculated surface waters contributes to the total biogeochemical loading in this shallow estuarine environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 42 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Exchange of water between conduits and matrix is an important control on regional chemical compositions, karstification, and quality of ground water resources in karst aquifers. A sinking stream (Santa Fe River Sink) and its resurgence (River Rise) in the unconfined portion of the Floridan Aquifer provide the opportunity to monitor conduit inflow and outflow. The use of temperature as a tracer allows determination of residence times and velocities through the conduit system. Based on temperature records from two high water events, flow is reasonably represented as pipe flow with a cross-sectional area of 380 m2, although this model may be complicated by losses of water from the conduit system at higher discharge rates. Over the course of the study year, the River Rise discharged a total of 1.9 × 107 m3 more water than entered the River Sink, reflecting net contribution of ground water from the matrix into the conduit system. However, as River Sink discharge rates peaked following three rainfall events during the study period, the conduit system lost water, presumably into the matrix. Surface water in high flow events is typically undersatu-rated with respect to calcite and thus may lead to dissolution, depending on its residence time in the matrix. A calculation of local denudation is larger than other regional estimates, perhaps reflecting return of water to conduits before calcite equilibrium is reached. The exchange of matrix and conduit water is an important variable in karst hydrology that should be considered in management of these water resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Malone, Mitchell J; Claypool, George E; Martin, Jonathan B; Dickens, Gerald Roy (2002): Variable methane fluxes in shallow marine systems over geologic time. The composition and origin of pore waters and authigenic carbonates on the New Jersey shelf. Marine Geology, 189(3-4), 175-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00474-7
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Carbon cycling is an important but poorly understood process on passive continental margins. In this study, we use the ionic and stable isotopic composition of interstitial waters and the petrology, mineralogy, and stable isotopic composition of authigenic carbonates collected from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 174A (Sites 1071 and 1072) to constrain the origin of the carbonates and the evolution of methane on the outer New Jersey shelf. The pore fluids of the New Jersey continental shelf are characterized by (1) a fresh-brackish water plume, and (2) organic matter degradation reactions, which proceed through sulfate reduction. However, only minor methanogenesis occurs. The oxygen isotopic composition of the pore fluids supports a meteoric origin of the low salinity fluids. Authigenic carbonates are found in nodules, thin (~1-cm) layers, and carbonate cemented pavements. Siderite is the most common authigenic carbonate, followed by dolomite and calcite. The oxygen isotopic composition of the authigenic carbonates, i.e. 1.3-6.5 per mil PeeDee Belemnite (PDB), indicates an origin in marine pore fluids. The carbon isotopic composition of dolomite cements range from -16.4 to -8.8 per mil PDB, consistent with formation within the zone of sulfate reduction. Siderite d13C values show a greater range (-17.67-16.4 per mil), but are largely positive (mean=2.8 per mil) and are interpreted to have formed throughout the zone of methanogenesis. In contrast, calcite d13C values are highly negative (as low as -41.7 per mil)and must have formed from waters with a large component of dissolved inorganic carbon derived from methane oxidation. Pore water data show that despite complete sulfate reduction, methanogenesis appears not to be an important process presently occurring in the upper 400 m of the outer New Jersey shelf. In contrast, the carbon isotopic composition of the siderites and calcites document an active methanogenic zone during their formation. The methane may have been either oxidized or vented from shelf sediments, perhaps during sea-level fluctuations. If this unaccounted and variable methane flux is an areally important process during Neogene sea-level fluctuations, then it likely plays an important role in long-term carbon cycling on passive continental margins
    Keywords: 174-1071; 174-1072; 174-1072A; COMPCORE; Composite Core; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Joides Resolution; Leg174A; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; South Atlantic Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 6
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Martin, Jonathan B (1999): Nonconservative behavior of Br-/Cl- ratios during alteration of volcaniclastic sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(3-4), 383-391, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00036-8
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Other than halite diagenesis and organic matter degradation, Cl- and Br- are considered to be conservative in marine pore fluids. Consequently, Br-/Cl- ratios should remain constant during most diagenetic reactions. Nonetheless, Br-/Cl- molar ratios decrease to 0.00127 (~18% less than seawater value) in pore fluids from Site 833 in the Aoba Basin of the New Hebrides convergent margin despite the lack of halite diagenesis and little organic matter. Sediment at this site is largely volcanic ash, which becomes hydrated with depth as it converts to clay and zeolite minerals. These hydration reactions remove sufficient water to increase the concentrations of most solutes including Cl- and Br-. The resulting concentration gradients drive diffusion, but calculations indicate that diffusion does not decrease the Br-/Cl- ratio. Some Cl- may be leached from the ash, but insufficient amounts are available to cause the observed decrease in Br-/Cl- ratio. The limited source of Cl- suggests that proportionately more Br- than Cl- is lost from the fluids to the diagenetic solids. Similar nonconservative behavior of Cl- and Br- may occur during fluid circulation at ridge crests and flanks, thereby influencing the halide distribution in the crust.
    Keywords: 134-833A; 134-833B; Coral Sea; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Joides Resolution; Leg134; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 7
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: You, Chen-Feng; Spivack, Arthur J; Gieskes, Joris M; Martin, Jonathan B; Davisson, M L (1996): Boron contents and isotopic compositions in pore waters: a new approach to determine temperature induced artifacts—geochemical implications. Marine Geology, 129(3-4), 351-361, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(96)83353-6
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: A comprehensive experimental study, utilizing a rocking autoclave hydrothermal apparatus with isotope tracers, was applied to evaluate the temperature of squeezing artifacts on B contents and isotopic compositions in pore waters. The partition coefficient (KD) was determined at temperatures from 25 ° to 350 °C, at 800 bars, and this information was applied to reconstruct pore water B and d11B in ODP drill sites, where pH, T, and porosity are known. The partition coefficient of B is a function of temperature, pH, and sediment mineralogy. The solution pH exerts a dominant control at low temperatures; however, KD decreases to a value of essentially zero (compared to that of KD = ~3.5 at 25 °C) at high temperatures indicating no adsorption. Two empirical equations were derived to represent most of the available experimental results. For pelagic clay rich sediments, a KD = -3.84-0.020T + 0.88pH (R = 0.84; 1sigma = 0.25) is established. For sediments that have experienced progressive metamorphism, a KD = -1.38-0.008T + 0.59pH (R = 0.81; 1sigma = 0.37) can be applied. Similarly the effect on pore water d11B can be corrected if the fractionation factors at different temperatures are assumed. The corrected B and d11B in ODP Sites 671, 672, and 808 indicate significant mobilization of bulk B in sediment (exchangeable + lattice bound) at depth, especially near the décollement zone or other potential flow conduits. Tectonically expelled fluids from mud diapirs of Barbados Ridge Complex, hot springs of Rumsey Hills, California, and mud pot waters of the Salton Sea geothermal field, are enriched in B (up to 20 mM) with lower d11B, supporting the argument of B mobilization as a result of fluid expulsion in accretionary prisms.
    Keywords: 131-808C; Distribution coefficient; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Joides Resolution; Leg131; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; pH; Philippine Sea; Pressure; Sample code/label; Temperature, technical
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 90 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 174-1071A; 174-1071B; 174-1071C; 174-1071D; 174-1071F; CO2-water equilibration method (Epstein & Mayeda, 1953); DEPTH, sediment/rock; Determined using an equilibration method (Horita 1988, 1989); DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Joides Resolution; Leg174A; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; South Atlantic Ocean; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 116 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 174-1073A; CO2-water equilibration method (Epstein & Mayeda, 1953); DEPTH, sediment/rock; Determined using an equilibration method (Horita 1988, 1989); DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Joides Resolution; Leg174A; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; South Atlantic Ocean; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 240 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 174-1072A; CO2-water equilibration method (Epstein & Mayeda, 1953); DEPTH, sediment/rock; Determined using an equilibration method (Horita 1988, 1989); DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Joides Resolution; Leg174A; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; South Atlantic Ocean; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 42 data points
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