ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Geologists have long grappled with understanding the mechanical origins of rock deformation. Stress regimes control the nucleation, growth and reactivation of faults and fractures; induce seismic activity; affect the transport of magma; and modulate structural permeability, thereby influencing the redistribution of hydrothermal and hydrocarbon fluids. Experimentalists endeavour to recreate deformation structures observed in nature under controlled stress conditions. Earth scientists studying earthquakes will attempt to monitor or deduce stress changes in the Earth as it actively deforms. All are building upon the pioneering research and concepts of Ernest Masson Anderson, dating back to the start of the twentieth century. This volume celebrates Anderson's legacy, with 14 original research papers that examine faulting and seismic hazard; structural inheritance; the role of local and regional stress fields; low angle faults and the role of pore fluids; supplemented by reviews of Andersonian approaches and a reprint of his classic paper of 1905.

Description / Table of Contents: The world's mountain ranges are the clearest manifestations of long-term deformation of the continental crust. As such they have attracted geological investigations for centuries. Throughout this long history of research a few keynote publications stand out. One of the most important is the Geological Survey's 1907 Memoir on The Geological Structure of the North-West Highlands of Scotland. The Memoir summarized some of the Geological Survey's finest work, and outlined many of the principles of field-based structural and tectonic analysis that have subsequently guided generations of geologists working in other mountain belts, both ancient and modern. The thematic set of 32 papers in this Special Publication celebrate the 100th anniversary of the 1907 Memoir by placing the original findings in both historical and modern contexts, and juxtaposing them against present-day studies of deformation processes operating not only in the NW Highlands, but also in other mountain belts.

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- Fold and thrust belts: structural style, evolution and exploration – an introduction / James A. Hammerstein, Raffaele Di Cuia, Michael A. Cottam, Gonzalo Zamora and Robert W. H. Butler / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 1-8, 31 July 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2020-81 --- Modelling of fold & thrust belts and petroleum systems --- Henry Cadell's ‘Experimental researches in mountain building’: their lessons for interpreting thrust systems and fold–thrust structures / Robert W. H. Butler, Clare E. Bond and Mark A. Cooper / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 9-31, 5 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2019-142 --- Mechanical controls on structural styles in shortening environments: a discrete-element modelling approach / Amanda Hughes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 33-55, 31 July 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2019-114 --- Syn-kinematic strata influence the structural evolution of emergent fold–thrust belts / Robert W. H. Butler / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 57-78, 1 October 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2019-14 --- Petroleum tectonic comparison of fold and thrust belts: the Zagros of Iraq and Iran, the Pyrenees of Spain, the Sevier of Western USA and the Beni Sub-Andean of Bolivia / Jerome Kendall, Jaume Vergés, Renas Koshnaw and Melanie Louterbach / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 79-103, 3 April 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2018-102 --- Modelling the evolution of seal integrity in deepwater toe thrust anticlines / Neil T. Grant / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 105-133, 14 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2018-54 --- Raman spectroscopy: an effective thermal marker in low temperature carbonaceous fold–thrust belts / D. K. Muirhead, C. E. Bond, H. Watkins, R. W. H. Butler, A. Schito, Z. Crawford and A. Marpino / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 135-151, 17 December 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2019-27 --- Europe --- The Môn–Deemster–Ribblesdale fold–thrust belt, central UK: a concealed Variscan inversion belt located on weak Caledonian crust / Tim Pharaoh, Richard Haslam, Ed Hough, Karen Kirk, Graham Leslie, Dave Schofield and Adrian Heafford / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 153-176, 28 August 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2018-109 --- Inversion of the north Iberian hyperextended margin: the role of exhumed mantle indentation during continental collision / Jesús García-Senz, Antonio Pedrera, Conxi Ayala, Ana Ruiz-Constán, Alejandro Robador and Luis Roberto Rodríguez-Fernández / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 177-198, 22 February 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2019-112 --- Along-strike variations in thin-skinned thrusting style controlled by pre-existing basement structure in the easternmost Jura Mountains (Northern Switzerland) / Alexander Malz, Herfried Madritsch, Peter Jordan, Beat Meier and Jonas Kley / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 199-220, 21 February 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2019-090 --- Revitalizing exploration and redevelopment of deep carbonate targets in the Southern Apennines thrust belt (southern Italy): reappraising vintage data with modern approaches / P. Pace, R. Di Cuia and V. Mascolo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 221-240, 14 January 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2019-28 --- Latest fold and thrust tectonics conceals extensional structures inherited from Cretaceous syn-sedimentary deformation: insights for exploration in fold-and-thrust belts from the Maiella Mountain / Davide Casabianca, Antoine Auzemery, Andrea Barrier, Angelo Ricciato, Stefano Borello, Alice Lecardez and Raffaele Di Cuia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 241-266, 6 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2019-9 --- Middle Miocene evolution and structural style of the Diapir Fold Zone, Eastern Carpathian Bend Zone, Romania: insights from scaled analogue modelling / Dan M. Tămaș, Zsolt Schléder, Alexandra Tămaș, Csaba Krézsek, Bianca Copoț and Sorin Filipescu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 267-284, 21 February 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2019-091 --- Asia-Pacific --- Variation in syn-subduction sedimentation patterns from inner to outer portions of deep-water fold and thrust belts: examples from the Hikurangi subduction margin of New Zealand / A. D. McArthur, B. Claussmann, J. Bailleul, A. Clare and W. D. McCaffrey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 285-310, 16 April 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2018-95 --- Interaction between the folded structures of the Western Papua New Guinea Highlands: an example of how surface observations can assist in subsurface understanding / Reinaldo Ollarves, Siyuan Zhao and Fleur Gilby / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 311-327, 30 May 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2018-124 --- Geological development of the Timor Orogen / Pedro Martinez Duran, Peter Baillie, Eduardo Carrillo and Gregor Duval / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 329-349, 18 November 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2018-120 --- Broadband seismic imaging around the Banda Arc: changes in the anatomy of offshore fold-and-thrust belts / Peter Baillie, Myra Keep, Pedro Martinez Duran, Eduardo Carrillo and Gregor Duval / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 351-360, 21 February 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2018-141 --- Middle east --- Structure and kinematics of the Central Sivas Basin (Turkey): salt deposition and tectonics in an evolving fold-and-thrust belt / Etienne Legeay, Jean-Claude Ringenbach, Charlie Kergaravat, Alexandre Pichat, Geoffroy Mohn, Jaume Vergés, Kaan Sevki Kavak and Jean-Paul Callot / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 361-396, 20 June 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2019-92 --- Quantifying vertical movements in fold and thrust belts: subsidence, uplift and erosion in Kurdistan, northern Iraq / Richard S. J. Tozer, Michael Hertle, Henrik I. Petersen and Kim Zinck-Jørgensen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 397-415, 8 March 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2019-118 --- Remote sensing applications in the Fars Region of the Zagros Mountains of Iran / Jorge Ginés, Rowan Edwards, Tina Lohr, Hayley Larkin and Rachel Holley / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 490, 417-444, 20 March 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-201

Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The Himalayas form an ideal natural laboratory to study the deformation processes of continental crust during collision orogeny. New information is presented concerning the structural evolution of the Main Mantle thrust zone in the Himalayas of N Pakistan, in the region around Nanga Parbat. The hanging-wall lies at relatively high levels within the Kohistan arc terrane which has been emplaced onto Indian continental rocks. This thrust probably originated as a breakback structure in the hanging-wall to the pre-collisional (oceanic) subduction zone. The present hanging-wall contains a shear zone of about 1 km width developed under amphibolite facies conditions. Simple shear dominant strains have developed new fabrics parallel to the main thrust zone. However, these structures are redeformed by discrete extensional and compressional shears within about 100 m of the thrust contact, again developed under amphibolite facies conditions. The footwall consists of an old basement complex (the Nanga Parbat gneisses) overlain by a distinct suite of metasediments now at amphibolite facies. This cover assemblage of psammites, pelites and marbles with local metabasites consistently lies directly against rocks derived from the Kohistan arc along the MMT. The absence of structures suggestive of consistent rheological contrasts within the cover assemblages suggests that the vast majority of the deformation features they contain were developed only once they experienced substantial tectonic overburdens. Prior to this the Indian cover rocks will have been »passively« subducted beneath the Kohistan arc until into amphibolite facies. We discuss these inferences in terms of evolving shear zone width with time and comment on the implications for predicting the character of mid-deep crustal shear zones, particularly from seismic reflection profiles.