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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple Bragg-spacing comparator (1978)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 34 (1978), S. 484-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A simple Bragg-spacing comparator is described which achieves a routine precision of 3 parts in 108 in lattice-spacing measurements. One conventional X-ray source and three detectors are required and measurements take only 10 min. The instrument is used to survey the lattice-parameter variations in silicon crystals manufactured by many different suppliers since 1965.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739478001047
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of Ru-filtered monochomatic Ag Kα2 to X-ray topographic study (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 146-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Several applications of X-ray topography with Ru-filtered Ag Kα2 radiation are described. Two of these are variations of the Lang method combined with a Ru filter. The first one is to improve the Lang traverse pattern from a specimen crystal including locally highly distorted regions such as inclusions, as demonstrated for a pure iron crystal. The second is to obtain a traverse pattern from the whole area on the same topograph for a specimen including appreciably misoriented parts, by making the first slit wider than usual. This example has been shown for a Ge crystal. Another application is concerned with taking a topograph of an area as wide as of the order of the length of a line focus, in a shorter exposure time, with high resolution. Examples have been shown for Ge and Si crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006502
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-temperature environmental chamber for nuclear-resonant Bragg scattering studies (1998)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 949-951 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A compact environmental chamber with a furnace operating in the range from room temperature to about 900 K has been built for a high-temperature nuclear-resonant Bragg scattering study. The compact size (75 mm diameter and 70 mm depth) allows an external magnetic field to be applied from outside permanent Nd–Fe–B alloy magnets; a magnetic field up to 1000 G has been obtained. The chamber can be mounted on a precise θ–2θ goniometer so that in situ observations of X-ray diffraction from a single crystal can be carried out. The temperature is measured by two thermocouples placed at the top and back of the sample and controlled by a PID controller. The temperature fluctuation of the chamber is less than ±1 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049597014088
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extended pseudo-Voigt function for approximating the Voigt profile (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 33 (2000), S. 1311-1316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The formula of the pseudo-Voigt function expressed by a weighted sum of Gaussian and Lorentzian functions is extended by adding two other types of peak functions in order to improve the accuracy when approximating the Voigt profile. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) values and mixing parameters of the Gaussian, the Lorentzian and the other two component functions in the extended formula can be approximated by polynomials of a parameter ρ = ΓL/(ΓG + ΓL), where ΓG and ΓL are the FWHM values of the deconvoluted Gaussian and Lorentzian functions, respectively. The maximum deviation of the extended pseudo-Voigt function from the Voigt profile is within 0.12% relative to the peak height when sixth-order polynomial expansions are used. The systematic errors of the integrated intensity ΓG and ΓL, estimated by fitting the extended formula to Voigt profiles, are typically less than 1/10 of the errors arising from the application of the original formula of the pseudo-Voigt approximation proposed by Thompson et al. [J. Appl. Cryst. (1987), 20, 79–83], while the time required for computation of the extended formula is only about 2.5 relative to the computation time required for the original formula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889800010219
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a Rotating X-ray Shutter for Coronary Angiography Using Synchrotron Radiation (1998)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049597012466
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cryostat for X-ray topography (1973)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 6 (1973), S. 418-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889873009040
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-Photon Correlations in X-rays from a Synchrotron Radiation Source (1997)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 4 (1997), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The intensity correlation experiment using visible light performed by Hanbury Brown & Twiss [Nature (London) (1956), 177, 27–29] is extended to X-ray wavelengths. Correlations of 14.4 keV X-ray photons from a synchrotron radiation source are observed by the coincidence counting technique. The high brilliance of synchrotron radiation available in the Tristan main ring enables the observation of two-photon correlations with a reasonable measurement time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049597006912
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-Angle X-ray Diffraction of Muscle Using Undulator Radiation from the Tristan Main Ring at KEK (1996)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 3 (1996), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Time-resolved X-ray diffraction of muscle has demanded ever-increasing flux into small sample volumes with low beam divergence. Results are reported of static and time-resolved small-angle X-ray diffraction studies on muscle fibers using a hard X-ray undulator installed in the Tristan main ring at KEK, Tsukuba, Japan, as an innovative source of synchrotron radiation more intense and better collimated than that available with the Photon Factory bending-magnet beamline. Static studies used the low divergence of the source to obtain detailed high-quality diffraction patterns of stable muscle states. The diffraction patterns from live skeletal muscles showed the numerous (over 100) meridional reflections. The well collimated beam from the undulator made it possible to clearly resolve, with an angular resolution of ca 700 nm, the closely spaced diffraction peaks arising from the two halves of the thick filaments centred on the M lines in a sarcomere, in addition, the diffraction peaks from the thin filaments on opposite sides of the Z bands could be resolved with an angular resolution of ca 1000 nm. The detailed structure of the meridional pattern defines the nature of the molecular packing in the thick and thin filaments. Time-resolved experiments using a focusing mirror aimed to prove cross-bridge states in striated muscle fibers by collecting X-ray diffraction data at a 0.185 ms time resolution from sinusoidally oscillating chemically skinned rabbit muscle fibers during active contraction and in rigor. When sinusoidal length changes at 500 Hz with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.6% of the muscle length were applied to a small fiber bundle, the tension showed a simple elastic response during the length oscillation. In the active muscle the intensity of the 14.5 nm myosin-based meridional reflection changed out of phase with the tension change during the oscillating length change. In contrast, in the rigor muscle it occurred in phase with the tension change. The high time-resolved experiments provide an insight into the coupling between conformational changes and force generation of the actomyosin cross-bridges. These studies provide a preview of the expected gains for muscle studies from the more widespread use of undulator radiation at third-generation synchrotron sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049596008928
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hard X-ray Microbeam Experiment at the Tristan Main Ring Test Beamline of the KEK (1997)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 4 (1997), S. 60-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A hard X-ray microbeam with zone-plate optics has been tested at the MR-BW-TL beamline on the Tristan main ring of the KEK, and preliminary experiments on scanning microscopy have also been performed. A sputtered-sliced Fresnel zone plate with an Au core and Ag/C multilayer is used as an X-ray focusing device. The outermost zone width of the zone plate is 0.25 μm. A focused spot size of ̃0.5 μm has been achieved at an X-ray energy of 8.54 keV. In a scanning X-ray microscopy experiment, test patterns with submicrometer fine structure have been clearly resolved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049596014720
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface (1998)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 0-0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049598004786
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