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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent diffusion in linear shear flow (1976)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 114 (1976), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary An analysis of the characteristics of the eddy diffusivity is made, and the equation for turbulent diffusion in a linear flow is derived. This diffusion equation is solved analytically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876936
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical and off-diagonal eddy diffusivities in the Northern Hemispheric stratosphere and lower mesosphere (1980)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 1007-1014 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Eddy diffusivity ; Stratosphere ; Lower mesosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Meteorological rocket soundings, launched between 1968–74 at six locations representative of low, middle, and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere, are employed to determine the vertical, meridional and off-diagonal components of the eddy diffusivity in the northern hemispheric statosphere and lower mesosphere. It is shown that the distribution of the vertical and meridional components of the eddy diffusivity are similar in the northern hemisphere, although the magnitude of the former is 107 smaller than that of the latter; the magnitude of the off-diagonal eddy diffusivity is about 103 smaller than that of the meridional eddy diffusivity. In the troposphere, a maximum eddy diffusivity occurs in the mid-latitude at about 7 km above the mean sea level for both the summer and winter seasons. In the stratosphere, a maximum eddy diffusivity occurs in the mid-latitude at about 33 km in the winter, but no maximum in the summer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01593046
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Major and minor stratospheric warmings and their interactions on the troposphere (1980)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 428-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Stratospheric warmings ; Ultra-long waves ; Blocking ; Energy conversions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of evolutions of the kinetic and thermal energy associated with the major and minor stratospheric warmings in the winters of 1976–77 and 1975–76 respectively indicate that the predominant ultra-long waves in the stratosphere oscillated at periods of 10–20 days, whereas in the troposphere the predominant long waves oscillated at periods of 8 to 12 days. These tropospheric long waves are almost out-of-phase with the stratospheric ultra-long waves for the minor warming, but in-phase for the major warming. The kinetic energy of the zonal mean flow in the stratosphere for the minor warming is much greater than that for the major warming, indicating that the occurrence of a major warming depends on the magnitude of the kinetic energy of the zonal mean flow relative to that of the meridional convergence of the poleward flux of sensible heat. In both the major and minor warmings, most of the stratospheric eddy kinetic energy is contained in waves of wavenumbers 1 and 2, whereas the stratospheric available potential energy is primarily contained in waves of wavenumber 1. The kinetic energy associated with waves of wavenumber 1 appeared to be 180° out-of-phase with those of wavenumber 2, indicating that nonlinear transfer of kinetic energy occurred between waves of wavenumbers 1 and 2. The occurrences of wind reversals were accompanied by decouplings of the stratospheric and tropospheric motions, and blockings in the troposphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01586463
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equations of kinetic and available potential energy evolution in wave-number frequency space (1980)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 867-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Waves, atmospheric ; Atmospheric waves-interaction between
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The equations of kinetic and available potential energy for the analysis of the growth and decay of atmospheric waves in wave-number-frequency space are derived. The effects of linear and nonlinear interactions of waves in the velocity and temperature fields, the conversions between the available potential and kinetic energies, and the Reynolds and molecular stresses on wave growth and decay are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01593038
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral characteristics of the meridional transport of angular momentum in the mid-troposhere of the Southern Hemisphere (1971)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 86 (1971), S. 171-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The wavenumber-frequency spectra of the meridional flux of angular momentum at 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60° and 70°S, at 500 mb, show a definite domain of wave interactions between the zonal and meridional components of the velocity at various latitudes. In middle latitudes, the spectral band of the meridional flux of angular momentum is oriented from a region of low wavenumbers and low frequencies to a region of high wavenumbers and negative frequencies assigned for waves moving from west to east. In low latitudes, however, the spectral domain is confined to a narrow band centered near the zero frquency. In contrast to the meridional flux of angular momentum in the Northern Hemisphere in which the intensity in winter is about twice that in Summer, in the Southern Hemisphere the meridional flux shows same intensity for all seasons. In the Southern Hemisphere, most of the meridional flux of angular momentum is directed toward the south pole and is accomplished by the eastward moving waves. In the Northern Hemisphere, however, most of the meridional flux is directed toward the north pole and is contributed by the stationary waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875083
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wavenumber frequency spectra of the meridional transport of sensible heat in the mid-troposphere of the Southern Hemisphere (1971)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 86 (1971), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The wavenumber-frequency spectra of the meridional transport of sensible heat at 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, and 70°S, at 500 mb in the Southern Hemisphere, show a definite spectral domain for the transport at various latitudes, which is dominated by the wave motion of the meridional component of the velocity. In middle latitudes, the spectral band of the meridional flux of sensible heat is oriented from a region of low wavenumbers and low frequencies to a region of high wavenumbers and negative frequencies assigned for waves moving from west to east. In low latitudes, the spectral band is confined to a narrow band centered near the zero frequency. It is found that most of the meridional transport of sensible heat at 500 mb in the Southern Hemisphere is accomplished by waves of medium wavelengths moving from west to east in middle and high latitudes. The meridional flux of sensible heat at 500 mb in the summer of the Southern Hemisphere is about three times that in the summer of the Northern Hemisphere. However, the meridional flux of sensible heat at 500 mb is about the same in the winter of both hemispheres. In the Southern Hemisphere practically all the meridional flux of sensible heat is associated with the moving waves in all seasons, whereas in the Northern Hemisphere the stationary waves contribute about 40% of the transport in winter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875082
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Lagrangian governing equations of a rotating, compressible, viscous atmosphere (1980)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 119 (1980), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Hydrodynamics ; Lagrangian equations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the Lagrangian equations of motion, thermodynamics, continuity and diffusion of a rotating, compressible, viscous atmosphere are derived. It is shown that the pressure force and Laplacian terms involving velocity, temperature and concentration in the Eulerian system become nonlinear in the Lagrangian system. In the case that these Laplacian terms can be neglected, the governing equations in the Lagrangian system can be greatly simplified, and particle dynamics and dispersion can be investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878716
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of a sinusoidal wave motion on diffusion from an infinite line source (1975)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 501-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary An investigation of the effect of sinusoidal vertical motion on turbulent diffusion is made. The diffusion models analyzed are i) without vertical motion, ii) with a simple sinusoidal vertical motion of constant amplitude, iii) with a sinusoidal vertical motion of damping amplitude. It is found from this investigation that the presence of undulations in vertical velocity has significantly enhanced the dispersion of pollution. Comparison of effective diffusivity shows an increase by a factor of 3.9 where no damping of undulations occurred, and by a factor of 2.8 where we have a damping of the undulations below the level of the source. This increase in dispersion can largely be explaied by the fact that the undulations have created a dilution in concentration because of the vertical motion and a configuration in which horizontal diffusivity is allowed to have an effect in pulling pollutant away from the axis of maximum concentration. The damping of undulations below the level of the source serves to suppress this configuration which in turn reduces dispersion below the source, an obviously favorable antipollution configuration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01592935
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Horizontal eddy diffusivities in the northern hemispheric stratosphere and lower mesosphere (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 117 (1978), S. 537-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Turbulence ; Transport processes ; turbulent ; Turbulence transport in stratosphere ; mesosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Meterological rocket soundings, launched between 1969–74 at six locations representative of low, middle, and high altitudes, are employed with the use of the statistical theory of diffusion, to determine the zonal and meridional component of eddy diffusivity between 30 and 55 km as a function of season, latitude, and altitude. A comparison is also made between annually-averaged eddy diffusivities above and below 30 km. It is shown that the zonal component of eddy diffusivity is approximately three to five times as large as the meridional component, in most cases. Both components of eddy diffusivity vary greatly with season, latitude, and altitude. Highest eddy diffusivities, found in the vicinity of the winter westerly jet, are approximately one order of magnitude higher than those present during the summer. Tropical eddy diffusivities, however, remain relatively small throughout the year. Annually, a minimum is indicated near 25 km between maximums located at the stratopause and tropopause.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876633
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of heat-, momentum-transports, and spectra for clear air turbulence in mid-stratosphere (1971)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 88 (1971), S. 180-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary An analysis of the clear air turbulence in the mid-stratosphere indicates that the turbulence is characterized by an anisotropic field of turbulence with an intense lateral component of the turbulence, associated with strong thermally stable stratification. The Richardson number in the region of turbulence is generally smaller than $$\frac{1}{4}$$ , the Taylor's criterion for a stratified shear flow. The cospectra for the momentum transport by the streamwise, lateral, and vertical components of the velocity show similarity in their distribution, decreasing with increasing wavenumber. The cospectra for the heat transport by the streamwise, lateral, and vertical components of the velocity show similarity in the high and medium wavenumber ranges, but not in the low wavenumber range of the spectra. The power spectra of the temperature and wind speed are very similar, and are approximately proportional to the $$ - \frac{5}{3}$$ power of the wavenumber. The power spectra of the streamwise and lateral components of the velocity are approximately proportional to the −2 power of the wavenumber, whereas the spectrum of the vertical component of the velocity is approximately proportional to the −1 power of the wavenumber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877904
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