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  • 1
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    Unknown
    In:  Wave Motion, London, Amer. Sc., vol. 4, no. 17, pp. 53-73, pp. 1001, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Source ; Layers
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-10-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindquist, Erin S -- Anderson, Laurel J -- Simmons, Jeffrey A -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 26;478(7370):458. doi: 10.1038/478458c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22031425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Faculty ; *Research Personnel ; Science/*manpower ; Universities/*manpower/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: When echolocating big brown bats fly in complex surroundings, echoes arriving from irrelevant objects (clutter) located to the sides of their sonar beam can mask perception of relevant objects located to the front (targets), causing "blind spots." Because the second harmonic is beamed more weakly to the sides than the first harmonic, these clutter echoes have a weaker second harmonic. In psychophysical experiments, we found that electronically misaligning first and second harmonics in echoes (to mimic the misalignment of corresponding neural responses to harmonics in clutter echoes) disrupts the bat's echo-delay perception but also prevents clutter masking. Electronically offsetting harmonics to realign their neural responses restores delay perception but also clutter interference. Thus, bats exploit harmonics to distinguish clutter echoes from target echoes, sacrificing delay acuity to suppress masking.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bates, Mary E -- Simmons, James A -- Zorikov, Tengiz V -- R01-MH069633/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):627-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1202065.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Box 1853, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. maryebates@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; *Echolocation ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Insects ; Male ; Perceptual Masking ; Reaction Time ; Sound
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1978-11-10
    Description: Some of the neurons in the nucleus intercollicularis and auditory cortex of the echolocating bat Eptesicus fuscus respond selectively to sonar echoes occurring with specific echo delays or pulse-echo intervals. They do not respond for a wide range of other types of sounds or for sonar echoes at longer or shorter pulse-echo intervals; they may, therefore, be specialized for detection and ranging of sonar targets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feng, A S -- Simmons, J A -- Kick, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 10;202(4368):645-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/705350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Inferior Colliculi/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Orientation/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-06-22
    Description: Echolocating bats (Eptesicus fuscus) can detect changes as small as 500 nanoseconds in the arrival time of sonar echoes when these changes appear as jitter or alternations in arrival time from one echo to the next. The psychophysical function relating the bat's performance to the magnitude of the jitter corresponds to the half-wave rectified cross-correlation function between the emitted sonar signals and the echoes. The bat perceives the phase or period structure of the sounds, which cover the 25- to 100-kilohertz frequency range, as these are represented in the auditory system after peripheral transformation. The acoustic image of a sonar target is apparently derived from time-domain or periodicity information processing by the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simmons, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 22;204(4399):1336-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Movement ; Orientation/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-10-29
    Description: Echolocating bats (Eptesicus fuscus) can perceive changes of as little as 3 degrees of arc in the vertical angles separating pairs of horizontal rods. This acuity depends upon modification of sounds entering the external ear canal by the structures of the external ear. Deflection of the tragus degrades the acuity of vertical-angle perception from 3 degrees to about 12 degrees to 14 degrees. The pinna-tragus structure produces a strong secondary echo of sounds entering the external ear canal, and the delay of this echo after the time when the sound directly enters the ear canal apparently encodes the vertical direction of a sound source.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawrence, B D -- Simmons, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 29;218(4571):481-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chiroptera/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Ear, External/physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Ultrasonics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-01-05
    Description: Echolocating bats use different information-gathering strategies for hunting prey in open, uncluttered environments, in relatively open environments with some obstacles, and in densely cluttered environments. These situations differ in the extent to which individual targets such as flying insects can be detected as isolated objects or must be separated perceptually from backgrounds. Echolocating bats also differ in whether they use high-resolution, multidimensional images of targets or concentrate specifically on one particular target dimension, such as movement, to detect prey.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simmons, J A -- Fenton, M B -- O'Farrell, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 5;203(4375):16-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/758674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Environment ; Orientation/*physiology ; Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Species Specificity ; Ultrasonics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1985-06-14
    Description: When following a moving target, echolocating bats (Eptesicus fuscus) keep their heads aimed at the target's position. This tracking behavior seems not to involve predicting the target's trajectory, but is achieved by the bat's pointing its head at the target's last known position. The bat obtains frequent position updates by emitting sonar signals at a high rate. After the lag between head and target positions and the nonunity tracking gain were corrected for, bats' tracking accuracy in the horizontal plane was +/- 1.6 degree.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masters, W M -- Moffat, A J -- Simmons, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 14;228(4705):1331-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Head ; Orientation/*physiology ; Predatory Behavior/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 73.40.Hm ; 72.15.−v ; 73.20.Dx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the nuclear hyperfine interaction on the dc conductivity of 2D electrons under quantum Hall effect conditions at filling factor ν=1 is observed for the first time. The local hyperfine field enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization is monitored via the Overhauser shift of the 2D conduction electron spin resonance in AlGaAs/GaAs multiquantum-well samples. The experimentally observed change in the dc conductivity resulting from dynamic nuclear polarization is in agreement with a thermal activation model incorporating the Zeeman energy change due to the hyperfine interaction. The relaxation decay time of the dc conductivity is, within experimental error, the same as the relaxation time of the nuclear spin polarization determined from the Overhauser shift. These findings unequivocally establish the nuclear spin origins of the observed conductivity change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 30 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The concentrations of dissolved fixed inorganic nitrogen (ΣN) in Bermuda ground waters can be very high due to both natural and anthropogenic processes. The high anthropogenic flux is due to domestic cesspit operation. Mass balance calculations indicate that ground water seepage, especially rich in ΣN, is a major source of nutrients into the near shore coastal zone of Bermuda. The ground water flux of ΣN is approximately 1.5 to 4 times that of the sewage flux of ΣN to Bermuda's nearshore waters. This input of ΣN may be important in the development of algal blooms in these waters. Our work, coupled with other recent investigations, suggests that the ground water input of nutrients into nearshore marine waters is an important process globally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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