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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIRECTED GRAPH THEORY AND THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INNOVATION (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Metroeconomica 46 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-999X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article applies digraph theory to the theory of technological regimes. The first part of the paper identifies a number of links between the evolutionary approach and a particular version of the neoclassical approach to the economic analysis of technological change. Both these approaches are shown to take the body of presently-available technological knowledge as a quantifiable magnitude allowing firms varying in strategy, structure and core capabilities to explore a range of feasible alternatives within the frontiers imposed by such knowledge. The second part of the paper therefore considers technological knowledge to be a cognitive empirical structure which can be better defined and calculated by using the theorems of digraph theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-999X.1995.tb00373.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embodied technological change in supplier dominated firms (1994)
    Springer
    Empirica 21 (1994), S. 313-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6911
    Keywords: Traditional industries ; adoption of new machinery ; embodied technological change ; O30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper identifies the role of new capital goods as the main external source of innovation for supplier dominated firms belonging to traditional consumer good industries. After a brief survey on the role of inter-industry technology flows, the results of a field study are presented concerning the amount of technological change embodied in the new machinery acquired during the 1980s by a sample of Italian manufacturing firms producing traditional consumer goods. We show that industries and firms differ in the quality of technological change embodied in (or allowed by) new capital goods, and that such differences depend on industry-specific and firm-specific factors. The former primarily refer to product characteristics, the latter mainly to the age and the affiliation of the firm with an industrial group. The final section contains some policy suggestions for fostering the diffusion of new machinery (embodying technological change) among small firms and traditional industries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01697412
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The duration of new firms in banking: an application of Cox regression analysis (2000)
    Springer
    Empirical economics 25 (2000), S. 315-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: Key words: Proportional Hazards Model; Entry; Survival; Banking ; JEL classification: L11; G21
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper studies the duration of two cohorts of entrants in the Italian financial intermediation industry. Using the Cox (1972) Proportional Hazards Model, it analyses the link between duration of each newborn firm and its start-up size, as well as a series of industry-specific characteristics. It emerges that not only did regulatory reform in 1990 result in a process of branch proliferation and industry concentration, but it also set in motion a pre-entry selection mechanism. Conversely, before completion of the regulatory reform, in 1989, entry was possible even for very small firms, and larger new entrants survived longer than their smaller counterparts, and this independently of the features of spatial and structural competition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001810000019
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determinants of firm start-up and entry in Italian producer services (1995)
    Springer
    Small business economics 7 (1995), S. 221-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the determinants of new firm formation in the producer services are studied by using National Security data on firms with at least one employee. Two ratios are computed and analysed for the 95 Italian provinces: an index of fertility represented by the share of new enterprises on employees, and a birth rate represented for each province by the ratio between new enterprises and resident population. On examination of the determinants of this process, we found that the average wage rates and the ratio of utilized credit to the total line of credit negatively affect both indexes, and that both indexes are affected positively by sector growth and by a measure of small firm presence. The index of fertility is also explained by a dummy variable which identifies for each province those policies which are aimed at fostering the process of new firm formation. The birth rate is instead affected by a dummy variable which is equal to one for the provinces in which the chief towns of each region are located and zero otherwise, and by the potential demand for new producer services arising from the industrial sector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01135367
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innovation, formal vs. informal R&D, and firm size: Some evidence from Italian manufacturing firms (1990)
    Springer
    Small business economics 2 (1990), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of data from two recent surveys on innovation diffusion in Italian manufacturing industry, this paper shows that informal R&D is an important part of the total R&D undertaken by small and medium sized firms. Nevertheless, when an output indicator such as the number and the nature of the innovations introduced by firms of different size is used, it emerges that small firms have introduced mainly incremental rather than major innovations. The paper therefore suggests that systematic R&D undertaken by large firms within structured laboratories is more effective (in terms of product innovations) than occasional R&D carried out by small firms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389530
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New firm formation in Italian industry: 1985–89 (1994)
    Springer
    Small business economics 6 (1994), S. 95-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with the process of new firm formation in Italian manufacturing industry during the second half of the 1980s. For this purpose we use the data base made available by the National Institute of Social Security, which provides information on both newly and already established firms with at least one employee. Two birth rates are computed and analysed for the relevant industries: the first one is the ratio between new enterprises and already established firms and the second is the share of new enterprises on industry employees. We show that Italian industries are characterized by marked differences in terms of birth rates but also that the ranking of industries is different by using the first or the second index of new firm formation. Looking at the determinants of this process, we found that industry growth affects positively both birth rates; small firm presence is effective only when the second index of new firm formation is used while inter-industry differences in profitability are always not significant. These results seem peculiar to the Italian case in which the size of newly established firms is very small in comparison with the size of previously existing firms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065182
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From Which Source Do Small Firms Derive Their Innovative Inputs? Some Evidence from Italian Industry (1997)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 12 (1997), S. 243-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: R&D spillovers ; product innovation ; firm size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper relies upon the hypothesis that the “knowledge production function” – defined in the geographical sense – is characterized by coefficient estimates which vary with firm size. In particular, large firms depend for their innovative output on direct and indirect R&D inputs, whereas small firms more extensively exploit the spillovers from research activities carried out by universities and by other firms. This hypothesis is tested against two different sets of data: the first based on patent statistics and dealing with 20 Italian regions over the period 1978–86; the second consisting of a selected number of product innovations identified by a literature-based counting procedure and dealing with 46 Italian provinces in year 1989. The results of regression analysis support the hypothesis that firms belonging to different size classes resort to different sources for the knowledge relevant to their innovative output. In particular, industry R&D prove to play a relatively more important function than do spillovers from university research in generating innovative output in large firms, whereas the opposite is true in the case of small firms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007781501147
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  • 8
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    Spatial heterogeneity, industry heterogeneity, and entrepreneurship (2017)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Print ISSN: 0570-1864
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0592
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    The more you spend, the more you get? The effects of R&D and capital expenditures on the patenting activities of biotechnology firms (2012)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-10
    Print ISSN: 0138-9130
    Electronic ISSN: 1588-2861
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Growth of Incumbent Firms and Entrepreneurship in Vietnam (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-23
    Print ISSN: 0017-4815
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2257
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Wiley
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