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  • 1
    Call number: M 92.1342
    In: Abenteuer Geschichte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 223 S. : zahlr. Abb.
    ISBN: 3473510327
    Series Statement: Abenteuer Geschichte 32)
    Uniform Title: Les feux de la terre
    Classification:
    B.2.2.
    Language: German
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-07-06
    Description: The accessories perovskite, pyrochlore, zirconolite, calzirtite and melanite from carbonatites and carbonate-rich foidites from the Kaiserstuhl are variously suited for the in situ determination of their U–Pb ages and Sr, Nd- and Hf-isotope ratios by LA-ICP-MS. The 143Nd/144Nd ratios may be determined precisely in all five phases, the 176Hf/177Hf ratios only in calzirtite and the 87Sr/86Sr ratios in perovskites and pyrochlores. The carbonatites and carbonate-rich foidites belong to one of the three magmatic groups that Schleicher et al. (1990) distinguished in the Kaiserstuhl on the basis of their Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios. Tephrites, phonolites and essexites (nepheline monzogabbros) form the second and limburgites (nepheline basanites) and olivine nephelinites the third. Our 87Sr/86Sr isotope data from the accessories overlap with the carbonatite and olivine nephelinite fields defined by Schleicher et al. (1990) but exhibit a much narrower range. These and the εNd and εHf values plot along the mantle array in the field of oceanic island basalts relatively close to mid-ocean ridge basalts. Previously reported K–Ar, Ar–Ar and fission track ages for the Kaiserstuhl lie between 16.2 and 17.8 Ma. They stem entirely from the geologically older tephrites, phonolites and essexites. No ages existed so far for the geologically younger carbonatites and carbonate-rich foidites except for one apatite fission track age (15.8 Ma). We obtained precise U–Pb ages for zirconolites and calzirtites of 15.66, respectively 15.5 Ma (± 0.1 2σ) and for pyrochlores of 15.35 ± 0.24 Ma. Only the perovskites from the Badberg soevite yielded a U–P concordia age of 14.56 ± 0.86 Ma while the perovskites from bergalites (haüyne melilitites) only gave 206Pb/238U and 208Pb/232Th ages of 15.26 ± 0.21, respectively, 15.28 ± 0.48 Ma. The main Kaiserstuhl rock types were emplaced over a time span of 1.6 Ma almost 1 million years before the carbonatites and carbonate-rich foidites. These were emplaced within only 0.32 Ma.
    Description: Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (4401)
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; In situ determination of Sr, Nd and Hf isotope ratios ; In situ determination of U–Pb ages ; Accessories in carbonatites ; Kaiserstuhl
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 54 (1992), S. 613-614 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Oxygen-isotope records from Greenland ice cores, indicate numerous rapid climate fluctuations during the last glacial period. North Atlantic marine sediment cores show comparable variability in sea surface temperature and the deposition of ice-rafted debris. In contrast, very few continental ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 139 (2000), S. 607-626 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The island of Salina comprises one of the most distinct calc-alkaline series of the Aeolian arc (Italy), in which calc-alkaline, high-K calc-alkaline, shoshonitic and leucite-shoshonitic magma series are developed. Detailed petrological, geochemical and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb, O) data are reported for a stratigraphically well-established sequence of lavas and pyroclastic rocks from the Middle Pleistocene volcanic cycle (430–127 ka) of Salina, which is characterized by an early period of basaltic volcanism (Corvo; Capo; Rivi; Fossa delle Felci, group 1) and a sequence of basaltic andesites, and andesites and dacites in the final stages of activity (Fossa delle Felci, groups 2–8). Major and trace element compositional trends, rare earth element (REE) abundances and mineralogy reveal the importance of crystal fractionation of plagioclase + clinopyroxene + olivine/ orthopyroxene ± titanomagnetite ± amphibole ± apatite in generating the more evolved magma types from parental basaltic magmas, and plagioclase accumulation in producing the high Al2O3 contents of some of the more evolved basalts. Sr isotope ratios range from 0.70410 to 0.70463 throughout the suite and show a well-defined negative correlation with 143Nd/144Nd (0.51275–0.51279). Pb isotope compositions are distinctly radiogenic with relatively large variations in 206Pb/204Pb (19.30–19.66), fairly constant 207Pb/204Pb (15.68–15.76) and minor variations in 208Pb/204Pb ratios (39.15–39.51). Whole-rock δ18O values range from +6.4 to +8.5‰ and correlate positively with Sr isotope ratios. Overall, the isotopic variations are correlated with the degree of differentiation of the rocks, indicating that only small degrees of crustal assimilation are overprinting the dominant evolution by crystal–liquid fractionation (AFC-type processes). The radiogenic and oxygen isotope composition of the Salina basalts suggests derivation from primary magmas from a depleted mantle source contaminated by slab-derived fluids and subducted sediments with an isotopic signature of typical upper continental crust. These magmas then evolved further to andesitic and dacitic compositions through the prevailing process of low-pressure fractional crystallization in a shallow magma reservoir, accompanied by minor assimilation of crustal lithologies similar to those of the Calabrian lower crust.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 287 (1980), S. 779-779 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE recent report in Nature1 of the discovery of volcanic ash from Santorini on the island of Rhodes raises once again the possibility that Minoan Crete was destroyed by the effects of a volcanic eruption. Marinates2 was the first to postulate a direct connection between two of the most dramatic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 294 (1981), S. 350-352 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The term 'comb-layering' has been applied to textures in magmatic rocks characterized by layers of elongate, parallel and branching crystals with preferential orientation perpendicular to the plane of layering3. It is mostly feldspars, pyroxenes, olivine and amphibole that form the elongate ...
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 52 (1990), S. 629-645 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Oldoinyo Lengai in the Tanzanian rift valley is the only active carbonatite volcano in the world and its natrocarbonatitic lavas are unique in composition. The characteristics of effusive natrocarbonatite activity in June 1988 were studied and fresh samples were directly collected from active carbonatitic lava lakes and flows. Analyses of these samples provide the first information on natrocarbonatites since these unusual volcanic rock type was first described from the 1960–1961 eruptions. The analytical results constrain the original chemistry of fresh natrocarbonatite. Temperatures in lava lakes and of carbonatite lava flows range 491–544°C. The natrocarbonatite lava is extremely fluid at these temperatures and reaches incandescence. The most common variety of natrocarbonatite is porphyritic with abundant phenocrysts of nyerereite (Na0.82K0.19)2(Ca, Sr, Ba)0.975(CO3)2 and gregoryite Na1.74K0.1(Ca, Sr, Ba)0.16CO3, with complex substitution of (CO3)2- by (SO4)2-, (PO4)3-, F-, and Cl-. A phenocryst-poor to aphyric natrocarbonatite variety reflects residual liquids separating from the crystal-rich porphyritic flows. Sylvite, fluorite, and Fe-alabandite (Mn0.7Fe0.3S) have been identified as additional primary magmatic phases. Rare phases in the matrix are witherite (BaCO3) and sellaite (MgF2). Sylvite and gregoryite, and to a lesser extent nyerereite, are water-soluble and are responsible for the immediate decomposition and chemical alteration of natrocarbonatites under atmospheric conditions. A peralkaline combeite-bearing nephelinite lava is closely related to the natrocarbonatite activity, and is isotopically indistinguishable. It is likely that these two magma compositions are related by liquid immiscibility. The unusual hyperalkaline composition of both magma types makes Oldoinyo Lengai an exotic volcano, and its carbonatites have extreme compositions, and are not representative of carbonatites in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 46 (1974), S. 29-47 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In the Aeolian island arc two different magmatological associations, calc-alkaline andesite series and shoshonites, occur in close vicinity. Although both associations erupted simultaneously during the last glaciation, there is a general tendency for the calc-alkaline rocks to be older. Shoshonitic activity is still going on. Calc-alkaline lavas include high-Al basalts, andesites and dacites, with the general characteristics of the island-arc type andesite series. Large cation trace elements (Rb, Ba, Sr) however are distinctly enriched. Shoshonite series include trachybasalts and latites, with which potassium-rich rhyolites can be associated. Leucite tephrites and potassic trachytes form a different evolution trend of the shoshonitic association. Petrology relates both associations of the Aeolian Islands to the island arc dynamics which is presently characterized by deep-focus earthquakes in the depth range of 200–350 km. The present-day gap in seismic activity from 50–200 km coincides with the present-day lack of calc-alkaline volcanic activity and is explained by the model of a detached slab which continues to sink into the mantle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 57 (1968), S. 719-736 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The authors give a brief description and their interpretation of the different types of xenoliths found in the volcanites of the Eolian Islands. The petrologic study of the xenoliths leads them to conclusions about the nature of the islands' basement and about the paleogeography of the Tyrrhenean Sea. Presence or absence of rock types among the xenoliths limit the possibility for anatexis and assimilation in magma generation and differentiation. Xenoliths transformed by contact metamorphism into cordierite-potash feldspar-hornfelses, plagioclase-pyroxene-hornfelses, calc-silicate-hornfelses, quarzites are witnesses of a thick sedimentary cover, corresponding lithologically to the miopliocene sedimentary cover of the Calabro-Peloritanian massif. Xenoliths of sillimanite-garnet-gneisses, amphibolites and hornblendites and of granitic to granodioritic plutonic rocks prove the existence, under the sedimentary cover, of a basement formed by typical sialic rocks. At Stromboli where hornfelses of sedimentary origin are well represented, up to now no gneissic or granitic xenoliths have been found. The opinion that a sialic basement could be absent beneath this island conforms with the absence of acid (liparitic) lavas.
    Abstract: Résumé Les auteurs décrivent brièvement et interprètent les différents types de xénolites qui ont été trouvés dans les volcanites des îles éoliennes. Cette étude pétrologique les amène à envisager la nature du soubassement de ces iles et la paléogéographie de la région tyrrhénienne ainsi que les possibilités d'assimilation et d'anatexie dans la magmatologie. Les xénolites formés de sédiments transformés par le métamorphisme de contact, principalement dans les conditions du faciès « Pyroxen-Hornfels », témoignent de l'existence d'une couverture sédimentaire dont les schistes pélitiques ont été transformés en cornéennes à cordierite, feldspaths potassiques, grenat etc., les marnes en cornéennes à pyroxenes et plagioclases, les calcaires marneux en roches « calcsilicatées » et dont les sables siliceux ont plus ou moins recristallisé. Ces variations de la nature lithologique des sédiments initiaux correspondent à celles de la couverture sédimentaire mio-pliocène du massif Calabro-Péloritain. Les xénolites constitués par des gneiss à sillimanite et grenat, par des amphibolites et des hornblendites, par des granites et grano-diorites prouvent l'existence, sous la couverture sédimentaire, d'un socle sialique formé, entre autres, de roches métamorphiques appartenant à la mésozone profonde. Les auteurs discutent en outre la présence du même soubassement sialique au Stromboli, oú aucun xénolite gneissique ou granitique n'a été découvert, tandis que des cornéennes d'origine sédimentaire y sont fréquentes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Beschreibung und Interpretation der verschiedenen Gesteinstypen, die sich als xenolithische Einschlüsse und Auswürflinge in vulkanischen Gesteinen der Äolischen Inseln finden, erlauben Rückschlüsse über den Aufbau des Sockels der Vulkaninseln, über den Untergrund des Tyrrhenischen Meeres und über die möglichen magmatologisch wichtigen Prozesse der Assimilation und Anatexis von Krustengesteinen. Cordierit-Kalifeldspat-Hornfelse, Plagioklas-Pyroxen-Hornfelse, Kalksilikatfelse und Quarzgesteine stellen kontaktmetamorphe Sedimente dar, deren ursprüngliche Zusammensetzung mit der lithologischen Variationsbreite der miopliozänen Sedimentbedeckung des Kalabro-Peloritanischen Massivs übereinstimmt. Granat-Sillimanit-Gneise, Amphibolite, Hornblendite und granitische Gesteine als xenolithische Komponenten beweisen die Existenz einer sialischen Kruste unter der Sedimentdecke. Das Fehlen einer sialischen Kruste unter der Insel Stromboli, der nördlichsten der Äolischen Inseln, wird zur Diskussion gestellt.
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