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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of bedrest on adrenal function (1973)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 4 (1973), S. 415-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Eight male subjects were subjected to continuous bedrest for 24–80 weeks for the purpose of studying metabolic responses. Three of the subjects did supine exercises daily during part of the study. Adrenal function was examined in relation to adrenal cortical and medullary excretions. The results reveal an increase in hydrocortisone throughout the test period, a decrease in norepinephrine and no change in epinephrine. These data suggest that exercise could decrease the severity of deconditioning caused by bedrest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00930353
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    The effect of bedrest on adrenal function (1973)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0169-6149
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-0875
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Prolonged weightlessness and calcium loss in man (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Data have been accumulated from a series of studies in which men have been subjected to weightlessness in orbital space flight for periods of up to 12 weeks. These data are used to predict the long term consequences of weightlessness upon the skeletal system. Space flight induced a loss of calcium which accelerated exponentially from about 50 mg/d at the end of 1 week to approx. 300 mg/d at the end of 12 weeks. The hypercalciuria reached a constant level within 4 weeks while fecal calcium losses continued to increase throughout the period of exposure. This apparent diminution of gastrointestinal absorptive efficiency was accompanied by a slight decline in the plasma level of parathyroid hormone and a slight elevation in the plasma level of calcium and phosphorus. Although losses in mineral from the calcaneus were closely correlated with the calcium imbalance, no changes were detected in the mineral mass of the ulna and radius. From the data presented it is concluded that the process of demineralization observed in space flight is more severe than would be predicted on the basis of observations in immobilized, bed rested, or paralyzed subjects. It is, moreover, suggested that the process may not be totally reversible.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Acta astronautica (ISSN 0094-5765); Volume 6; 9; 1113-22
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Apollo applications program requirements (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Requirements for Apollo Applications Program feeding system
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: AEROSPACE FOOD TECHNOL. 1970; P 57-60
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Bone mineral measurement: Experiment M078 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Gamma ray absorptiometric measurements on bone mineral content, in addition to calcium balance studies, were performed on male volunteers during bed rest periods of 24 to 36 weeks duration and compared to Skylab mission data. Results show that mineral losses occur from the bones of the lower extremities during missions of up to 84 days and that in general they follow the loss patterns of the bed rest situation. The level of loss observed in Spacelab crews are not of clinical concern.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Biomed. Results from Skylab; p 183-190
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Mineral and nitrogen metabolic studies, experiment M071 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The similarity between bed rest test and space flight effects on human mineral and nitrogen metabolisms indicates impairment of capable musculoskeletal functions. A pattern of urinary calcium increases and total calcium shifts suggests that calcium losses continue with time. Significant losses of nitrogen and phosphorus are associated with reduction in muscle tissue. It is concluded that capable musculoskeletal function is likely to be impaired during space flights of 1 1/2 to 3 years duration.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Biomed. Results from Skylab; p 164-174
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Nutritional studies (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Detailed metabolic studies were conducted of the Apollo 16 and Apollo 17 flight crews, and the results are presented in tabular form. Intake and absorption data are also included. Apollo nutrient intakes were found to be characteristically hypocaloric. Estimates of body composition changes from metabolic balance data, from preflight and postflight weights and volumes, and from total body water and potassium provide no evidence for diminished caloric requirements during a flight. As observed during the Gemini Program and during periods of bed rest, measurements of bone density and metabolic balance confirm a tendency toward loss of skeletal tissue in weightlessness. No evidence exists that any inflight metabolic anomaly, including hypokalemia, was induced by marginal or deficient nutrient intakes. In general, the Apollo crewmen were well nourished and exhibited normal gastroenterological functions, although appetite was somewhat diminished and the organoleptic response to food was somewhat modified during flight.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Biomedical Results of Apollo; p 277-302
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Skeletal response (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The effect of weightlessness on bone mineral content during prolonged space flight was investigated. The mineral content changes which occurred during Apollo 14, 15, and 16 as measured by photon absorptiometry techniques are presented and compared. Bed rest served as an experimental model to assess the bone mineral changes, and to determine what remedial measures might be used to stem the tide of bone mineral loss. It is concluded that loss of mineral from bone due to the state of weightlessness is comparable to that observed in bed rest subjects.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Biomedical Results of Apollo; p 303-322
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Biochemical responses of the Skylab crewmen: An overview (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Continuous metabolic and endocrinic monitoring of Skylab crewmen established significant biochemical changes that varied in magnitude and direction but disappeared shortly after return to earth. These changes indicate adaptation by the body to the combined stresses of weightlessness. Transient changes in fluid and electrolyte metabolisms lead to the conclusion that a homeostasis condition had been achieved. Unstable states persisted in the metabolisms of bone mineral, protein, and carbohydrates.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Biomed. Results from Skylab.; p 204-216
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Apollo food technology (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Large improvements and advances in space food systems achieved during the Apollo food program are discussed. Modifications of the Apollo food system were directed primarily toward improving delivery of adequate nutrition to the astronaut. Individual food items and flight menus were modified as nutritional countermeasures to the effects of weightlessness. Unique food items were developed, including some that provided nutritional completeness, high acceptability, and ready-to-eat, shelf-stable convenience. Specialized food packages were also developed. The Apollo program experience clearly showed that future space food systems will require well-directed efforts to achieve the optimum potential of food systems in support of the physiological and psychological well-being of astronauts and crews.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Biomedical Results of Apollo; p 437-468
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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