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  • 1
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    Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose of Pyrus spp. in China (2019)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (1878-9080) vol.42 (2019) p.1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Description: Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a range of economically important hosts. However, the species occurring on pear remain largely unresolved. To determine the morphology, phylogeny and biology of Colletotrichum species associated with Pyrus plants, a total of 295 samples were collected from cultivated pear species (including P. pyrifolia, P. bretschneideri, and P. communis) from seven major pearcultivation provinces in China. The pear leaves and fruits affected by anthracnose were sampled and subjected to fungus isolation, resulting in a total of 488 Colletotrichum isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on six loci (ACT, TUB2, CAL, CHS-1, GAPDH, and ITS) coupled with morphology of 90 representative isolates revealed that they belong to 10 known Colletotrichum species, including C. aenigma, C. citricola, C. conoides, C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, C. plurivorum, C. siamense, C. wuxiense, and two novel species, described here as C. jinshuiense and C. pyrifoliae. Of these, C. fructicola was the most dominant, occurring on P. pyrifolia and P. bretschneideri in all surveyed provinces except in Shandong, where C. siamense was dominant. In contrast, only C. siamense and C. fioriniae were isolated from P. communis, with the former being dominant. In order to prove Koch’s postulates, pathogenicity tests on pear leaves and fruits revealed a broad diversity in pathogenicity and aggressiveness among the species and isolates, of which C. citricola, C. jinshuiense, C. pyrifoliae, and C. conoides appeared to be organ-specific on either leaves or fruits. This study also represents the first reports of C. citricola, C. conoides, C. karstii, C. plurivorum, C. siamense, and C. wuxiense causing anthracnose on pear.
    Keywords: Colletotrichum ; multi-gene phylogeny ; pathogenicity ; Pyrus
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 2
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    High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with pear shoot canker in China (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 132-162
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Species of Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) are important endophytes, saprobes and pathogens, infecting a \nwide range of plants and resulting in important crop diseases. However, the species occurring on pear remain largely \nunresolved. In this study, a total of 453 Diaporthe isolates were obtained from branches of Pyrus plants (including \nP. bretschneideri, P. communis, P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis collected from 12 provinces in China) showing shoot \ncanker symptoms. Phylogenetic analyses based on five loci (ITS, TEF, CAL, HIS, and TUB) coupled with morphology of 113 representative isolates revealed that 19 Diaporthe species were isolated, representing 13 known species \n(including D. caryae, D. cercidis, D. citrichinensis, D. eres, D. fusicola, D. ganjae, D. hongkongensis, D. padina, \nD. pescicola, D. sojae, D. taoicola, D. unshiuensis and D. velutina) and six new species described here as D. acuta, \nD. chongqingensis, D. fulvicolor, D. parvae, D. spinosa and D. zaobaisu. Although Koch\xe2\x80\x99s postulates confirmed all \nspecies to be pathogenic, a high degree of variation in aggressiveness was observed. Moreover, these species \nhave a high diversity, plasticity, and prevalence related to the geographical location and pear species involved.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; multi-gene phylogeny ; pathogenicity ; Pyrus ; six new taxa ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose of Pyrus spp. in China (2019)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 42, pp. 1-35
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a range of economically important hosts. However, the species occurring on pear remain largely unresolved. To determine the morphology, phylogeny and biology of Colletotrichum species associated with Pyrus plants, a total of 295 samples were collected from cultivated pear species (including P. pyrifolia, P. bretschneideri, and P. communis) from seven major pearcultivation provinces in China. The pear leaves and fruits affected by anthracnose were sampled and subjected to fungus isolation, resulting in a total of 488 Colletotrichum isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on six loci (ACT, TUB2, CAL, CHS-1, GAPDH, and ITS) coupled with morphology of 90 representative isolates revealed that they belong to 10 known Colletotrichum species, including C. aenigma, C. citricola, C. conoides, C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, C. plurivorum, C. siamense, C. wuxiense, and two novel species, described here as C. jinshuiense and C. pyrifoliae. Of these, C. fructicola was the most dominant, occurring on P. pyrifolia and P. bretschneideri in all surveyed provinces except in Shandong, where C. siamense was dominant. In contrast, only C. siamense and C. fioriniae were isolated from P. communis, with the former being dominant. In order to prove Koch\xe2\x80\x99s postulates, pathogenicity tests on pear leaves and fruits revealed a broad diversity in pathogenicity and aggressiveness among the species and isolates, of which C. citricola, C. jinshuiense, C. pyrifoliae, and C. conoides appeared to be organ-specific on either leaves or fruits. This study also represents the first reports of C. citricola, C. conoides, C. karstii, C. plurivorum, C. siamense, and C. wuxiense causing anthracnose on pear.
    Keywords: Colletotrichum ; multi-gene phylogeny ; pathogenicity ; Pyrus
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Microbial Consortia in Paddy Rice Soil by Phospholipid Analysis (2000)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 39 (2000), S. 273 -281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microbial biomass and community structure in paddy rice soil during the vegetation period of rice were estimated by analysis of their phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), hydroxy fatty acids of lipopolysaccharides (LPS-HYFA), and phospholipid ether lipids (PLEL) directly extracted from the soil. A clear change in the composition of the community structure at different sampling periods was observed, indicated by the principal component analysis of the PLFA. A dramatic decline of ester-linked PLFA was observed in the soil samples taken at the second sampling time. In contrast to the ester-linked PLFA, the non-ester-linked PLFA composition did not change. The hydroxy fatty acids of lipopolysaccharides as well as ether lipids decreased consecutively during the observation period. Total microbial abundance was estimated to be (4.1–7.3) × 109 cells g-1 soil (dry weight). About 44% account for aerobic and 32% for facultative anaerobic bacteria, and 24% for archaea, on average. According to the profile and patterns of PLFA in the soil sample, it may be suggested that the paddy soil at the August sampling period contained more abundant facultative anaerobic bacteria (ca. 36%) and archaea (ca. 37%), but the total microbial biomass was significantly lower than in the remaining sampling periods. As the plant approached maturity, the microbial community structure in the soil changed to contain more abundant Gram-negative bacteria and methanotrophs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002480000020
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature creep of olivine crystals from four localities
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 82 (1994), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9201
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(94)90102-3
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of phospholipid- and lipopolysaccharide-derived fatty acids as an estimate of microbial biomass and community structures in soils (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 19 (1995), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Fatty acids ; Phospholipids ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Microbial biomass ; Gram-positive bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Several soils subject to different cultivation and management practices were examined by analysis of fatty acid profiles derived from phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides, using an improved sequential method which is capable of measuring ester-linked and non-ester-linked phospholipid fatty acids (EL-PLFA, NEL-PLFA, respectively) and the hydroxy fatty acids in lipopolysaccharides. A good correlation was obtained (r〉0.90) between the soil biomass and total EL-PLFA in the soils investigated, which ranged from forest soils to a variety of agricultural soils. Elucidation of the composition of the community structure was an additional task. Eukaryotes can be differentiated from bacteria by the presence of polyunsaturated and ω-hydroxy fatty acids, both of which were much more abundant in the OF layer of the forest soil than in the remaining samples. A relatively low proportion of monomethyl branched-chain saturated fatty acids was obtained in the forest OF horizon, these being indicators for Gram-positive bacteria and actinomycetes. Various subclasses of proteobacteria produce β and mid-chain hydroxy fatty acids, which occur primarily in agricultural soils. The ratios between monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids seem to be very useful parameters of soil environmental conditions. In addition, on the basis of the differences in composition of the NEL-PLFA and hydroxy fatty acids of lipopolysaccharides, clear indications for the community structure of various soils were obtained. In the forest soils much more abundant anaerobic micro-organisms and relatively less abundant proteobacteria were present than in the other soils. In the cultivated soils, however, the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria was considerably higher. Furthermore, eukaryotes appeared to be pre-dominant in the soils once used for a manure deposit site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336146
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese olivine II: point defect relaxation (1998)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 25 (1998), S. 122-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  To investigate the point defect chemistry and the kinetic properties of manganese olivine Mn2SiO4, the point defect relaxation time (τ) characterizing the rate of re-equilibration of electrical conductivity following a change in oxygen fugacity was measured for single crystals oriented for electrical conduction along the [010] direction. The experiments were carried out at temperatures T = 1173–1473 K and oxygen fugacities with the MnSiO3 activity controlled at unity. The value of τ, which ranges from 130 to 1463 s, increases with decreasing temperature. At 1273 K, the value of τ in the regime is a factor of ∼1.8 smaller than that in the regime. The point defect relaxation time was used to calculate the chemical diffusivity ( ). Values of lie in the range 2.2× 10− 10 − 2.5×10− 9 m2/s. For the regime, a semi-log plot of vs 1/T yields a concave downward curve. Based on these results combined with those from Part I of this work for the point defect structure and electrical conductivity in Mn-olivine, it is proposed that the relaxation rate of electrical conduction is determined by the coupled diffusion of manganese vacancies and electron holes which rate-control the relaxation process at low and high temperatures, respectively. Deconvolution of the curve into two straight-line segments yields values for the mobilities and the diffusivities for Mn vacancies and electron holes. These results, combined with the measured electrical conductivity data, were used to calculate the concentrations of Mn vacancies and electron holes. These results in conjunction with those published for other transition-metal silicate olivines reveal the following: The mobility of electron holes in Mn-olivine is about two orders of magnitude smaller than that in Fe-olivine and is somewhat larger than that in (Mg0.9Fe0.1)-olivine. The mobilities of metal vacancies in these three olivines are similar both in magnitude and in temperature dependence. The concentrations of the majority point defects are the highest in Fe-olivine crystals and the lowest in Co-olivine crystals, while those in Mn-olivine and (Mg0.9Fe0.1)-olivine crystals lie in between. The deviation from stoichiometry in the cation sublattice for a transition-metal silicate olivine is about two orders of magnitude lower than that for the corresponding transition-metal oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002690050094
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination of microbial diversity by fatty acid profiles of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in differently cultivated soils (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 170 (1995), S. 115-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: fatty acid ; GC-MS ; microbial diversity ; soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of long-term management practices on the diversity of the microbial community were examined by analyzing the composition of fatty acids (FAs) in phospholipids (PL) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). According to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of total fatty acids the soils were divided in two groups: a) Black fallow soil (1) and soils cropped with potatoes (3, 4), and b) green fallow soil (2), soils cropped with wheat (5, 6), crop rotation (7) and grassland (8). The PCA for saturated FAs and for hydroxy FAs of both PL and LPS shows that the green fallow soil (2) can be distinguished from the other soils. For monounsaturated FAs the grassland soil (8) and for polyunsaturated FAs the wheat with vetch soil (6) clearly differed from the other soils. Fatty acids with biomarker quality such as 15:0 for bacteria and 18:2ω6 for fungi were used for determining the ratio between bacteria and fungi: the black fallow soil (1) and the soil managed with crop rotation (7) contained significantly higher proportions of bacteria than the other soils. The largest proportion of the indicator fatty acid il5:0 for Gram-positive bacteria was measured in the black fallow soil (1), while theβ-hydroxy FAs indicative of Gram-negative bacteria most frequently occurred in manured potato cropped soil (4). Both indicator fatty acids 18:2ω6 for fungi and cy19:0 for anaerobic bacteria had their highest concentrations in the manured potato cropped soil (4).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183059
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  • 9
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    Kinetics of grain growth in anorthite (1996)
    In:  Tectonophysics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    High-temperature deformation of calcite single crystals (1996)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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