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  • 1
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    A receptor in pituitary and hypothalamus that functions in growth hormone release (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-16
    Description: Small synthetic molecules termed growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) act on the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus to stimulate and amplify pulsatile growth hormone (GH) release. A heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPC-R) of the pituitary and arcuate ventro-medial and infundibular hypothalamus of swine and humans was cloned and was shown to be the target of the GHSs. On the basis of its pharmacological and molecular characterization, this GPC-R defines a neuroendocrine pathway for the control of pulsatile GH release and supports the notion that the GHSs mimic an undiscovered hormone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howard, A D -- Feighner, S D -- Cully, D F -- Arena, J P -- Liberator, P A -- Rosenblum, C I -- Hamelin, M -- Hreniuk, D L -- Palyha, O C -- Anderson, J -- Paress, P S -- Diaz, C -- Chou, M -- Liu, K K -- McKee, K K -- Pong, S S -- Chaung, L Y -- Elbrecht, A -- Dashkevicz, M -- Heavens, R -- Rigby, M -- Sirinathsinghji, D J -- Dean, D C -- Melillo, D G -- Patchett, A A -- Nargund, R -- Griffin, P R -- DeMartino, J A -- Gupta, S K -- Schaeffer, J M -- Smith, R G -- Van der Ploeg, L H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 16;273(5277):974-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Codon ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Growth Hormone/*secretion ; Hormones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypothalamus, Middle/chemistry ; Indoles/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Macaca mulatta ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/chemistry ; RNA, Complementary/genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Ghrelin ; Spiro Compounds/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antagonistic effect of Pseudomonas spp. on pathogenic fungi and enhancement of growth of green gram (Vigna radiata) (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 62-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Pseudomonas spp. ; Vigna radiata ; Rhizosphere ; Antifungal activity ; Dinitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pseudomonas species were isolated from the rhizosphere of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] and some of the rhizobacterial isolates were found to have a wide range of antifungal activity inhibiting growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Aspergillus sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani in culture. These isolates also showed slight inhibition of the growth of a Bradyrhizobium strain (Vigna) in a spot test which was mainly a result of nutrient competition as culture supernatants of the Pseudomonas isolates did not inhibit the growth of bradyrhizobia but inhibited the growth of fungi. The rhizobacterial isolates produced siderophores in Fe-deficient succinate medium. However, the inhibition of fungal growth by different Pseudomonas isolates in Luria Bertani and King's medium B which were not limiting in Fe3+ ions suggested that, besides siderophores, other antifungal compounds (antibiotics) produced by these rhizobacteria were involved in antagonism. On coinoculation of green gram with Pseudomonas strains MRS13 and MRS16 and Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna) strain S24, there was a significant increase in nodule weight, plant dry weight and total plant N as compared to inoculation with Bradyrhizobium strain S24 alone, suggesting that the nodule-promoting effects of Pseudomonas sp. lead to an increase in symbiotic N fixation and plant growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050525
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An instrument for automatic measurements of critical current of superconductors in pulse mode (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 1486-1493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An instrument has been developed for direct measurement of critical current and plotting of current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of superconductors in pulse mode. For these measurements, current pulses of increasing height are applied to sample and the voltage developed across the sample is monitored using a low noise voltage measuring circuit. Different sources of error responsible for limiting accuracy of pulse measurements techniques are discussed. A compensation network has been developed to reduce inductively induced voltages generated during pulse measurements, to negligible values. The instrument enables automatic critical current measurement with 1–10 μV/cm criteria in pulse mode without a computer and has voltage sensitivity of 10 nV. Critical current as a function of temperature/magnetic field and I–V characteristics of Bi-2212 single crystal and Y-123 thin films have been plotted using the circuit and the results have been compared with those obtained using direct current measurements. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149611
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of cadmium and zinc in soil by Al-montmorillonite and gravel sludge (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 49 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: We investigated the potential of montmorillonite, Al-montmorillonite and gravel sludge to immobilize polluting heavy metals in agricultural soil. Batch experiments showed that both Al-montmorillonite and montmorillonite immobilized zinc and cadmium. Zinc was bound specifically on Al-montmorillonite and became increasingly incorporated into the interlayer hydroxy-Al polymer, whereas there was no specific sorption on montmorillonite. Cadmium was bound on montmorillonite and Al-montmorillonite unspecifically by cation exchange, but there was no incorporation into the lattice.In pot experiments montmorillonite, Al-montmorillonite, or gravel sludge were added to a soil contaminated with zinc and cadmium. Increasing doses of these agents decreased the concentrations of NaNO3-extractable zinc and cadmium. Aluminium-montmorillonite and gravel sludge were more efficient than montmorillonite in immobilizing both zinc and cadmium. Remobilization tests at pH between 4 and 5.5 showed that cadmium and zinc desorbed more easily from montmorillonite than from Al-montmorillonite. Gravel sludge application increased the buffer capacity of the contaminated soil substantially. The binding agents decreased zinc concentrations in red clover (Trifolium pratense), and gravel sludge also reduced the cadmium concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.00140.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peak Decomposition using Pearson Type VII Function (1998)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 31 (1998), S. 474-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An X-ray diffraction peak-decomposition procedure using a Pearson type VII function is described and implemented in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to aid a beginning student of X-ray diffraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889897011047
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the effect of rare earth doping on the electrical and photovoltaic properties of chromotrope 2R thin film devices (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1998), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Praseodymium (Pr) doped and Samarium (Sm) doped chromotrope 2R (CHR) were used for the fabrication of Schottky devices, by the spin coating technique. The diode in which doped CHR behaves as an n-type organic semiconductor exhibits rectification behaviour in the dark. Doping with rare earths imparts an accelerated improvement in the n-type conductivity as well as in the rectification effect. The observed rectification effects are explained by n-type semiconductivity of the doped CHR thin films. The formation of a blocking contact (Schottky barrier) indium tin oxide with (ITO) electrode and an ohmic contact with Al or ln, also confirms its n-type behaviour. The position of the Fermi level shifts toward the conduction band edge on rare earth doping. Additionally, the concentration of free carriers and mobility of electrons also increase upon doping, with the simultaneous decrease in trap concentration. Various electrical parameters such as barrier height (φb), density of ionized donor (Ns) and depletion layer width (W) were calculated from the detail capacitance–voltage analysis of (C–V) characteristics. The photo-action spectra of the devices and absorption spectra of doped CHR layer reveal the formation of a Schottky barrier at the ITO-doped CHR interface and an Ohmic contact at the Al-doped CHR interface. Photovoltaic measurements of these devices provide parameters such as short circuit photocurrent (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (η). The effect of rare earth doping on the electrical and photovoltaic parameters are discussed in detail. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008849120080
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge transport mechanism and photovoltaic behaviour of undoped and I2 doped tris (1,10 phenanthroline) iron (II) complex (TPFe) thin film devices (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1998), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Tris (1,10 phenanthroline) iron (II) or Fe (Phen)2+ 3, a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) type complex (TPFe), was employed in the form of thin films, for the fabrication of Schottky diodes, Al/ TPFe/ITO, where ITO is indium tin oxide. The effect of iodine doping on the electrical behaviour has been emphasized. The diodes exhibit a rectification effect which improves on iodine doping. The diodes can be classified as MIS Schottky diodes with a graded dopant profile. The current-voltage (J-V ), and capacitance-voltage (C-V ) characteristics, the photoaction spectra of the devices and the absorption spectra of the complex, reveal that both doped and undoped complexes behave as a p-type organic semiconductor which form a Schottky barrier with Al and an ohmic contact with ITO. Various electrical and photovoltaic parameters were determined from the detailed analysis of J-V and C-V characteristics and these are discussed in detail. The effect of I_2 doping on the rectification and photovoltaic properties is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008922732032
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The validity of form-factor, modified-form-factor and anomalous-scattering-factor approximations in elastic scattering calculations (1995)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 271-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The validity of form-factor, modified-form-factor and anomalous-scattering-factor approximations in predictions of elastic photon-atom scattering is assessed with the aid of the state-of-the-art numerical calculation of Rayleigh scattering obtained using the second-order S-matrix theory, in the photon energy range from 100 eV to 1 MeV. A comparison is made with predictions from S-matrix theory in the same atomic model for representative low-Z (carbon, Z = 6) and high-Z (lead, Z = 82) elements to get a general idea of the validity of these simpler more approximate methods. The importance of bound–bound contributions and the angle dependence of the anomalous scattering factors is discussed. A prescription is suggested, with the assumption of angle independence, that uses simpler approaches to obtain the elastic scattering cross sections in the soft-X-ray regime at the level of accuracy of the S-matrix calculation, failing at large momentum transfers for high-Z elements. Predictions from this prescription are compared with experiment. With starting point the many-body elastic scattering amplitude, a detailed discussion is presented of the partition of the elastic scattering amplitude into Rayleigh and Delbrück scattering components. This partition of the optical theorem reveals contributions from bound–bound atomic transitions, bound pair annihilation and bound pair production that are not usually associated with elastic scattering. In the partitioned optical theorem for Rayleigh scattering, as in the many-body optical theorem for scattering from excited states, subtracted cross sections naturally appear. These terms are needed, in addition to the familiar terms for photoionization, to relate the real and imaginary parts of the scattering amplitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010876739400886X
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrocarbon group type analysis of petroleum heavy fractions using the TLC-FID technique (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 539-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hydrocarbon group type analysis is important in all conversion processes and in preparation of feed for these conversion processes so as to learn the selectivity of the different type of catalysts for product yield and quality. The use of the Mark 5 Iatroscan detector and the method reported here allowed for a rapid and quantitative hydrocarbon group type analysis of petroleum residues without prior separation of asphaltenes. SARA type analyses of petroleum residues have been performed by a three stage development using n-hexane, toluene and DCM (95%):MeOH (5%). The standard deviation and coefficient of variation in repeated measurements by this method were as low as 0.65 wt% or less and 3.5 wt% or less, respectively. The time required for analysis of 10 samples could be as short as 90 min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050755
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analgesic efficacy and pharmacokinetics of topical nimesulide gel in healthy human volunteers: double-blind comparison with piroxicam, diclofenac and placebo (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 541-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Nimesulide ; Topical gel ; Analgesia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The present study was conducted to compare the analgesic efficacy of a new topical gel formulation of nimesulide (10 mg of pure drug) with that of placebo, diclofenac and piroxicam gels (10 mg of pure drug) in three parallel groups in a double-blinded, randomized fashion with vehicle placebo. The analgesic activity of nimesulide was subsequently correlated with its pharmacokinetic profile. Methods: The drugs were applied on a fixed marked area on the skin of the right forearm. Pain stimulus was administered using a modification of the Hollander method, before and at 15, 30, 60, 120 min and 240 min post-treatment. The pain experienced by the subjects was ranked separately on the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the ten-point category scale. Antinociception induced by the treatments was evaluated through the placebo-related ratings (PRR) and total pain relief (TOTPAR) analysis. The plasma concentration of nimesulide was estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Nimesulide exhibited better efficacy than diclofenac, piroxicam and placebo. It demonstrated faster onset of action in concordance with earlier studies. Peak analgesic effect was observed at 120 min post-treatment, which correlated with the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug in gel formulation. In this study, diclofenac was found to be superior to piroxicam though both drugs exhibited peak analgesic effect at 60 min post-treatment. In the modified Hollander method, a good correlation was found between the ten point category scale and the VAS, indicating that it may serve as a sensitive and reliable method for the screening of analgesic drugs. Conclusion: The superior analgesic activity of nimesulide (as gel formulation), correlating with its pharmacokinetic profile, indicates that the topical route of administration may be a safe and effective alternative to the presently used oral and rectal routes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050510
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