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  • 1
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    Trends and oscillations in the Indian summer monsoon rainfall over the last two millennia (2015)
    Macmillan Publishers Limited
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Macmillan Publishers Limited, 6(6309), pp. 1-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-30
    Description: Observations show that summer rainfall over large parts of South Asia has declined over the past five to six decades. It remains unclear, however, whether this trend is due to natural variability or increased anthropogenic aerosol loading over South Asia. Here we use stable oxygen isotopes in speleothems from northern India to reconstruct variations in Indian monsoon rainfall over the last two millennia. We find that within the long-term context of our record, the current drying trend is not outside the envelope of monsoon’s oscillatory variability, albeit at the lower edge of this variance. Furthermore, the magnitude of multi-decadal oscillatory variability in monsoon rainfall inferred from our proxy record is comparable to model estimates of anthropogenic-forced trends of mean monsoon rainfall in the 21st century under various emission scenarios. Our results suggest that anthropogenicforced changes in monsoon rainfall will remain difficult to detect against a backdrop of large natural variability
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    The leading mode of Indian summer monsoon precipitation variability during the last millennium (2011)
    AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 38, pp. L15703, ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The “internally” generated intraseasonal variability of the Indian Summer Monsoon is characterized by intermittent periods of enhanced (“active”) and deficient (“break”) precipitation, which produce a quasi east-west precipitation dipole over the Indian subcontinent. Here we present multicentennial-length and near annually-resolved reconstructions of monsoon precipitation, inferred from absolute-dated and instrumentally calibrated speleothem oxygen isotope records from regions (central and northeast India) that have diametric responses to active-break monsoon circulation patterns. On centennial timescales (AD 1400–2008), precipitation variability from these two regions exhibit opposing behavior, oscillating between periods with a persistently “active-dominated” (AD ∼1700 to 2007) and a “break-dominated” (AD 1400 to ∼1700) regime. The switch between these regimes occurs abruptly (within decades) at a time (AD ∼ 1650–1700) when a proxy record of upwelling intensity from the Arabian Sea suggest an abrupt increase in the monsoon winds. On the basis of these observations, we hypothesize that the frequency distribution of active-break periods varies on centennial timescales, implying a leading role of internal dynamics in governing the ISM response to slowly-evolving changes in the external boundary conditions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    On the low frequency component of the ENSO–Indian Monsoon relationship; a paired proxy perspective (2013)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3Climate of the Past Discussions, Copernicus, 9, pp. 3103-3123, ISSN: 1814-9324
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: There are a number of clear examples in the instrumental period where positive El Niño events were coincident with a severely weakened summer monsoon over India (ISM). ENSO's influence on the Indian Monsoon has therefore remained the centerpiece of various predictive schemes of ISM rainfall for over a century. The teleconnection between the monsoon and ENSO has undergone a protracted weakening since the late 1980's suggesting the strength of ENSO's influence on the monsoon may vary considerably on multidecadal timescales. The recent weakening has specifically prompted questions as to whether this shift represents a natural mode of climate variability or a fundamental change in ENSO and/or ISM dynamics due to anthropogenic warming. The brevity of empirical observations and large systematic errors in the representation of these two systems in state-of-the-art general circulation models hamper efforts to reliably assess the low frequency nature of this dynamical coupling under varying climate forcings. Here we place the 20th century ENSO-Monsoon relationship in a millennial context by assessing the phase angle between the two systems across the time spectrum using a continuous tree-ring ENSO reconstruction from North America and a speleothem oxygen isotope (δ18O) based reconstruction of the ISM. The results suggest that in the high-frequency domain (≤ 15 yr), El Niño (La Niña) events persistently lead to a weakened (strengthened) monsoon consistent with the observed relationship between the two systems during the instrumental period. However, in the low frequency domain (≥ 60 yr), periods of strong monsoon are, in general, coincident with periods of enhanced ENSO variance. This relationship is opposite to which would be predicted dynamically and leads us to conclude that ENSO is not pacing the prominent multidecadal variability that has characterized the ISM over the last millennium.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-frequency breakdown and paschen law (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 377-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 52 ; 77.20 ; 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the present paper an attempt has been made to draw theoretically a correlation between the well-known Paschen curve and the high-frequency breakdown characteristic of a gas device by interpreting electron mean free path in terms of the frequency of the applied field. The analytical high-frequency breakdown characteristic, so obtained, agree fairly well with the experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00930100
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency breakdown in semiconductors (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 77.20 ; 79.20 ; 85.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the frequency of the applied voltage on the breakdown of semiconductors is investigated. Unlike earlier observations, our experiment yields, in some cases, a breakdown voltage versus frequency curve which is similar in nature to the high-frequency breakdown characteristics in gas devices wherein the breakdown voltage shows a minimum at a certain frequency. A possible theoretical explanation for the above behaviour of semiconductor devices based on dielectric heating is given, which is in fair agreement with the observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00897939
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of excess current in an Esaki junction (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 6357-6360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The objective of this paper is to provide a theoretical analysis regarding excess current in an Esaki junction. The analysis makes use of the crystal momentum representation, and takes into account, among other things, three-dimensional energy-momentum conservations. The treatment is more general than similar studies reported earlier, and is likely to explain the experimental data better than earlier studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342101
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible analog gain in a current injection Josephson network (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 2087-2090 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A possible analog gain in Cooper-pair tunneling mode in a current injection Josephson network is theoretically investigated. The network consists of three Josephson junctions A, B, and C, and its gain can be widely controlled by varying the external shunt resistances of junctions B and C. Two different configurations of the planar structure of the network are suggested and their detailed principles of operation are explained. It is expected that the network will function at a higher speed than that possible in an amplifying device working in quasiparticle mode. A comparison between the present network and Faris QUITERON is also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336396
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conduction-band tailing in parabolic band semiconductors (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3328-3333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Kane's [Phys. Rev. 131, 79 (1963)] model for the density of states for energies in the band gap is in qualitative agreement with experiment. Halperin and Lax [Phys. Rev. 148, 722 (1966)] have also suggested a model for band tailing, which is applicable to the deep tailing states. In the present study, theoretical models have been proposed for the band tailing in the case of heavily doped semiconductors that are more general than those of Kane and others. In addition, the present study also offers an E-k¯ dispersion relation for band tails in the parabolic band based on Kane's semiclassical theory. This study has helped us to obtain a different model for the density of states in the band-tailing conditions and the model is expected to agree better with experiment. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365642
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of human urinary erythropoietin and l-thyroxine on blood morphology and energy reserves in two tropical species of fed and starved teleosts
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 76 (1989), S. 382-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(89)90133-0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turn-on delay of a Josephson junction (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 74 (1989), S. 407-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An attempt has been made to give a new definition of turn-on delay of a Josephson junction which differs from earlier works. On the basis of our definition, an analytical expression of turn-on delay has been developed. This analytical model is based on a concept inherently different from those of Harris and McDonaldet al. It is observed that based on our model, the analytical expression of McDonaldet al. can also be obtained. A comparative study between our turn-on delay and those of Harris and McDonaldet al. is also made. It is expected that our definition and analytical expression of turn-on delay will eliminate the drawbacks and confusions of earlier investigations. The present work will find use in critically ascertaining the switching speed of Josephson analogs and digital circuits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00682666
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