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  • 1
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    High-Resolution seismic arrays in Amatrice village for a better estimation of site effects (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: The August 24 , 2016 M 6.0 Amatrice earthquake is the beginning of the 2016-2018 central Italy seismic sequence. One of the first places to be highly damaged is the wide territory of Amatrice municipality. Seismic Microzonation studies (SM) started during the early stages of emergency with the installation of the 3A temporary seismic network (Cara et al. 2019) and continued with an intense campaign of multidisciplinary studies (Priolo et al. 2020). On the light of the information retrieved, this work shows the results of additional geophysical investigations carried out in specific sites of Amatrice village including the historical center, the most damaged area. We applied f-k and MSPAC analysis to data collected at 5 sites to obtain dispersion curves and invert them to retrieve the subsoil Vs profile. All results were therefore integrated with the already available geological and geophysical information to better detail the subsoil model.
    Description: Published
    Description: Kyoto, Japan
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Keywords: seismic motion ; site effects ; earthquake engineering ; seismic array ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predominant maternal egg care and promiscuous mating system in the Japanese filefish, Rudarius ercodes (Monacanthidae) (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 43 (1995), S. 241-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Behavior ; Spawning ; Display ; Feeding ; Adhesive eggs ; Larva ; Hatching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Reproductive behavior of the Japanese filefish, Rudarius ercodes, was studied at the rocky reef off Koinoura, northern Kyushu, Japan, between June and October 1989. Aggressive display was observed between males, but they were not territorial. Males had four types of courtship behavior: vibrating, tail bending, leaning and nuzzle. Spawning occurred early in the morning. A female and 1–3 male(s) mated together on brown algae. Each female spawned repeatedly with an interval of 6–12 days. Females cared for eggs and embryos from just after spawning until hatching, 2–4 days. Female egg care consisted of tending and guarding. Females tended eggs by blowing water on them and by fanning them with their pectoral fins. Females guarded eggs by driving away fish passing nearby. In some cases, males also guarded eggs by staying near the eggs and driving away conspecific males. Whether a male cares for eggs with a female seems to be affected by the form of mating (pair mating or single female-multiple male mating), and the probability of further reproduction after spawning. Dominant males showed a tendency to pair with a specific female intermittently over a two-month period. Mating, however, did not always occur between members of such pairs, and mates appeared to be inter-changeable with a promiscuous mating system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005856
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spawning and biparental egg-care in a temperate filefish, Paramonacanthus japonicus (Monacanthidae) (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 37 (1993), S. 245-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Territory ; Pair mating ; Demersal egg ; Monogamy ; Spawning speed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Reproductive habits of a temperate filefish, Paramonacanthus japonicus, were studied on a rocky reef at Tsuyazaki, Fukuoka, Japan, from 1989 through 1990. Males had territories of 30–70m2 and defended them from conspecific males and potential egg predators such as another filefish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer. Egg masses were found on the sandy bottom in male territories. Individual discrimination of males and females occurring in three male territories revealed that males and females stayed in stable pairs during one month of observation in 1989. In these stable pairs, males fed only within their territories, but females occasionally foraged outside. The occurrence of egg masses within male territories and biparental egg care showed that fish were reproducing as monogamous pairs. Contrary to this, males tagged in 1990 changed their territories after the disappearance of females, and males and females mated polygamously. Spawning was observed only four times during the study period, between 1633 and 1754h. Prior to spawning, the female prepared a spawning bed on the sandy bottom. The male nuzzled the female and the pair spawned, touching their gonopores on the spawning bed. Spawning was very quick and took only 1–3 seconds. The adhesive eggs were spherical with a diameter of 0.56 mm. They were mixed with sand particles and formed a doughnut-shaped mass of about 4 cm in diameter. One egg mass contained 3300–3800 embryos of similar developmental stage, which hatched 2–3 days later. P. japonicus appears to be monogamous but may also practice polygamy when pair-bonds are unstable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004632
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two alternative female tactics in the polygynous mating system of the threadsail filefish,Stephanolepis cirrhifer (Monacanthidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Ichthyological research 43 (1996), S. 315-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1616-3915
    Keywords: Spawning ; demersal eggs ; territoriality ; haremic polygyny ; visiting females
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Reproductive behavior of the threadsail filefishStephanolepis cirrhifer was studied at Kashiwajima, southern Shikoku, Japan. This species spawned in pairs on the sandy bottom, the eggs being scattered over an area of about 15 cm in diameter and attached to sand particles. After spawning, males departed immediately, while the females remained at the site to guard the eggs for a few minutes. Thereafter the eggs were left unguarded for three days until hatching. Females spawned only once daily, whereas males mated with multiple females in succession. The reproductive males established territories, in which 1–4 resident females defended smaller territories from each other. The harem size changed according to some ecological conditions, such as population density. Moreover, the males also mated with visiting non-resident females. Thus, the two alternative tactics of females resulted in two mating patterns, haremic polygyny and female visiting of male territories, in a single population ofS. cirrhifer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02347603
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  • 5
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    Differential LC−MS-Based Proteomics of Surgical Human Cholangiocarcinoma Tissues (2009)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-07
    Print ISSN: 1535-3893
    Electronic ISSN: 1535-3907
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 6
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    The Optimal Use of Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios of Earthquake Motions for Velocity Inversions Based on Diffuse-Field Theory for Plane Waves (2011)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-01
    Description: The coda of earthquake motions and microtremors are sometimes referred to as diffuse-wave fields. They are generated by the multiple scattering due to the complexity of the Earth. It is accepted that the average cross correlation between the diffuse-field motions at pairs of receivers, in the frequency domain, is proportional to the imaginary part of the Green's function between these locations. The average autocorrelation of a single receiver is also proportional to the imaginary part of the Green's function when both the source and receiver are the same. In this study we explored the application of diffuse-field concepts to analyze earthquake records at a site when its site effect can be described using a 1D model. We derived a corollary of Claerbout's result for a 1D layered medium. We found that the imaginary part of the Green's function at the free surface is proportional to the square of the absolute value of the corresponding transfer function for a plane, vertically incident wave. We considered a set of incoming plane waves (of P, SV, and SH types) with varying azimuths and incidence angles. After summing up a few hundred synthetics with inclined incidences we obtained horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios that match the ratios estimated from the simple theory of diffuse field. By using observed records in Japan, we found that the earthquake H/V ratios are quite stable and converge rapidly regardless of what part of the waveform is used, except the P-wave part. We also found that their spectral characteristics can be reproduced well by the velocity structures estimated in previous studies. However, theory and observation were not in perfect agreement, which in turn means that the inversion of a 1D structure could be accomplished by adopting the proposed theory for earthquake H/V spectral ratios.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 7
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    Energy Partitions among Elastic Waves for Dynamic Surface Loads in a Semi-Infinite Solid (2011)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-01
    Description: We examine the energy partitions among elastic waves due to dynamic normal and tangential surface loads in a semi-infinite elastic solid. While the results for a dynamic normal load on the surface of a half-space with Poisson ratio of 1/4 is a well-known result by Miller and Pursey (1955), the corresponding results for a dynamic tangential load are almost unknown. The partitions for the normal and tangential loads were computed independently by Weaver (1985) versus Poisson ratio (0[≤]{nu}[≤]1/2), using diffuse-field concepts within the context of ultrasonic measurements. The connection with the surface load point was not explicit, which partially explains why these results did not reach the seismological and engineering literature. The characteristics of the elastic radiation of these two cases are quite different. For a normal load, about 2/3 of the energy leaves the loaded point as Rayleigh surface waves. On the other hand, the tangential load induces a similar amount in the form of body shear waves. It is established that the energies injected into the elastic half-space by concentrated normal and tangential harmonic surface loads are proportional to the imaginary part of the corresponding components of the Green's tensor when both source and receiver coincide. The relationship between the Green's function and average correlations of motions within a diffuse field is clearly established.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 8
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    PRENOLIN: International Benchmark on 1D Nonlinear Site‐Response Analysis—Validation Phase Exercise (2018)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-16
    Description: This article presents the main results of the validation phase of the PRENOLIN project. PRENOLIN is an international benchmark on 1D nonlinear (NL) site‐response analysis. This project involved 19 teams with 23 different codes tested. It was divided into two phases; with the first phase verifying the numerical solution of these codes on idealized soil profiles using simple signals and real seismic records. The second phase described in this article referred to code validation for the analysis of real instrumented sites. This validation phase was performed on two sites (KSRH10 and Sendai) of the Japanese strong‐motion networks KiK‐net and Port and Airport Research Institute (PARI), respectively, with a pair of accelerometers at surface and depth. Extensive additional site characterizations were performed at both sites involving in situ and laboratory measurements of the soil properties. At each site, sets of input motions were selected to represent different peak ground acceleration (PGA) and frequency content. It was found that the code‐to‐code variability given by the standard deviation of the computed surface‐response spectra is around 0.1 (in log10 scale) regardless of the site and input motions. This indicates a quite large influence of the numerical methods on site‐effect assessment and more generally on seismic hazard. Besides, it was observed that site‐specific measurements are of primary importance for defining the input data in site‐response analysis. The NL parameters obtained from the laboratory measurements should be compared with curves coming from the literature. Finally, the lessons learned from this exercise are synthesized, resulting also in a few recommendations for future benchmarking studies, and the use of 1D NL, total stress site‐response analysis.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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  • 9
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    Spawning and biparental egg-care in a temperate filefish, Paramonacanthus japonicus (Monacanthidae) (1993)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0378-1909
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5133
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    A Method to Directly Estimate S-Wave Site Amplification Factor from Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio of Earthquakes (eHVSRs) (2020)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-21
    Description: The main purpose of the site classification or velocity determination at a target site is to obtain or estimate the horizontal site amplification factor (HSAF) at that site during future earthquakes because HSAF would have significant effects on the strong-motion characteristics. We have been investigating various kinds of methods to delineate the S-wave velocity structures and the subsequent HSAF, as precisely as possible. After the advent of the diffuse field concept, we have derived a simple formula based on the equipartitioned energy density observed in the layered half-space for incident body waves. In this study, based on the diffuse field concept, together with the generalized spectral inversion technique (GIT), we propose a method to directly estimate the HSAF of the S-wave portion from the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of earthquakes (eHVSRs). Because the vertical amplification is included in the denominator of eHVSR, it cannot be viewed as HSAF without correction. We used GIT to determine both the HSAF and the vertical site amplification factor (VSAF) simultaneously from strong-motion data observed by the networks in Japan and then deduced the log-averaged vertical amplification correction function (VACF) from VSAFs at a total of 1678 sites in which 10 or more earthquakes have been observed. The VACF without a category has a constant amplitude of about 2 in the frequency range from 1 to 15 Hz. By multiplying eHVSR by VACF, we obtained the simulated HSAF. We verified the effectiveness of this correction method using data from observation sites not used in the aforementioned averaging in the frequency range from 0.12 to 15 Hz.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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