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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk of nonocular cancer in first-degree relatives of retinoblastoma patients (1990)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 85 (1990), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The increased risk of nonocular cancer seen consistently in studies of survivors of retinoblastoma may be caused in part by the presence of a retinoblastoma gene that also predisposes to other cancers. It has been claimed that this gene also increases the risk for cancer among unaffected relatives of genetic retinoblastoma probands. We report here a population-based study of the risk of nonocular cancer in parents and siblings of persons notified to the Danish Cancer Registry with retinoblastoma during 1943–84. No excess was observed among first degree relatives of 61 genetic retinoblastoma probands, whereas a slight (10%) excess was seen among the parents of 115 nongenetic probands. The latter was the result of significant excesses of malignant melanoma (4 observed, 0.4 expected), multiple myeloma (2 observed, 0.2 expected) and osteogenic sarcoma (1 observed, 0.03 expected). The observed risk pattern cannot be explained by the presence of the retinoblastoma gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206747
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Description of conidia from submerged cultivation of Thermomyces lanuginosus for use as a uniform inoculum (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 93 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Conidia produced by submerged cultivation of the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus were superior to conidia from agar plates when used as inoculum, due to a faster and more synchronous germination. With conidia derived from submerged liquid culture at 40–45°C more than 90% germination was achieved at 50°C within 3 h whereas the same percentage germination was only achieved after 5 h incubation of conidia produced on agar plates. The temperature during conidial formation, and conidial age at the time of harvesting, were factors influencing germination of the conidia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05110.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of side-chain precursors for penicillin biosynthesis in a high-producing strain of Penicillium chrysogenum (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1994), S. 883-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract. Utilization of the side-chain precursors phenoxyacetic acid (POA) and phenylacetic acid (PA) for penicillin biosynthesis by Penicillium chrysogenum was studied in shake flasks. Precursor uptake and penicillin production were followed by HPLC analysis of precursors and products in the medium and in the cells. P. chrysogenum used both POA and PA as precursors, producing phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) and benzylpenicillin (penicillin G), respectively. If both precursors were present simultaneously, the formation of penicillin V was blocked and only penicillin G was produced. When PA was added at different times to cells that were induced initially for POA utilization and were producing penicillin V, the POA utilization and penicillin V formation were blocked, whereas the cells started utilizing PA and produced penicillin G. The blocking of the POA turnover lasted for as long as PA was present in the medium. If POA was added to cultures induced initially for PA utilization and producing penicillin G, this continued irrespective of the presence of POA. Utilization of POA increased concomitant with depletion of PA from the medium. Analysis of cellular pools from a growing cell system with POA as precursor to which PA was added after 48 h showed that the cellular concentration of POA was kept high without production of penicillin V and at a concentration comparable to the concentration in the medium. The cellular concentration of POA was higher than the concentration of PA that was utilized for penicillin G production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050085
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular and cell-bound lipase activity in relation to growth of Geotrichum candidum (1989)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 32 (1989), S. 256-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The imperfect fungus Geotrichum candidum produced extracellular lipase in a basic peptone-salt medium. By adding olive oil or Tween 80 to the basic medium the lipase yields could be enhanced and the maximal yields were found with Tween 80, which resulted in a sixfold increase in extracellular lipase activity as compared with basic medium. During the early phase of growth in medium with olive oil the proportion of cell-bound activity was higher than that of extracellular activity, and a delay in the secretion of extracellular lipase was found. The proportion of cell-bound activity from growth in basic medium and in basic medium with Tween 80 was lower than that of extracellular activity during the entire growth phase. Analyses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the lipase activity from growth in all three media could be ascribed to equivalent protein bands at 57 000 and 61 000 daltons. Immunodiffusion showed that the cell-bound preparation contained lipase that was immunologically identical with purified extracellular lipase from G. candidum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184970
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of side-chain precursors for penicillin biosynthesis in a high-producing strain of Penicillium chrysogenum (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1994), S. 883-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Utilization of the side-chain precursors phenoxyacetic acid (POA) and phenylacetic acid (PA) for penicillin biosynthesis by Penicillium chrysogenum was studied in shake flasks. Precursor uptake and penicillin production were followed by HPLC analysis of precursors and products in the medium and in the cells. P. chrysogenum used both POA and PA as precursors, producing phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) and benzylpenicillin (penicillin G), respectively. If both precursors were present simultaneously, the formation of penicillin V was blocked and only penicillin G was produced. When PA was added at different times to cells that were induced initially for POA utilization and were producing penicillin V, the POA utilization and penicillin V formation were blocked, whereas the cells started utilizing PA and produced penicillin G. The blocking of the POA turnover lasted for as long as PA was present in the medium. If POA was added to cultures induced initially for PA utilization and producing penicillin G, this continued irrespective of the presence of POA. Utilization of POA increased concomitant with depletion of PA from the medium. Analysis of cellular pools from a growing cell system with POA as precursor to which PA was added after 48 h showed that the cellular concentration of POA was kept high without production of penicillin V and at a concentration comparable to the concentration in the medium. The cellular concentration of POA was higher than the concentration of PA that was utilized for penicillin G production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173993
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and glucoamylase production by the thermophilic fungusThermomyces lanuginosus in a synthetic medium (1991)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 34 (1991), S. 656-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The production of glucogenic amylase from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus was studied in shake flasks and laboratory fermentors. As conidia were not able to germinate in media without yeast extract, pregerminated conidia were applied as inoculum. By this procedure it was possible to use different NH inf4 sup+ salts as the sole source of nitrogen for growth and amylase formation in a synthetic medium. In pH-controlled fermentors a fourfold increase in the extracellular glucogenic amylase activity was obtained with (NH4)H2PO4 as the nitrogen source as compared with yeast extract. However, by fractionation of these activities, comparable yields of partially purified glucoamylases were obtained. The glucoamylase preparation from fermentations with either of the nitrogen sources had a temperature optimum at 70° C and showed similar thermal stability. By incubation without substrate at 60° C. 90% of the activity was still present after 5 h. At 70° C, 50% of the activity was retained after 30 min incubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167918
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of phenylacetic acid by two strains of Penicillium chrysogenum (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 60 (1998), S. 310-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Penicillium chrysogenum ; phenylacetic acid ; transport ; metabolism ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Uptake of phenylacetic acid, the side-chain precursor of benzylpenicillin, was studied in Penicillium chrysogenum Wisconsin 54-1255 and in a strain yielding high levels of penicillin. In penicillin fermentations with the high-yielding strain, 100% recovery of phenylacetic acid in benzylpenicillin was found, whereas in the Wisconsin strain only 17% of the supplied phenylacetic acid was incorporated into benzylpenicillin while the rest was metabolized. Accumulation of total phenylacetic acid-derived carbon in the cells was nonsaturable in both strains at high external concentrations of phenylacetic acid (250-3500 μM), and in the high-yielding strain at low phenylacetic acid concentrations (2.8-100 μM), indicating that phenylacetic acid enters the cells by simple diffusion, as concluded earlier for P. chrysogenum by other authors. However, at low external concentrations of phenylacetic acid saturable accumulation appeared in the Wisconsin strain. HPLC-analyses of cell extracts from the Wisconsin strain showed that phenylacetic acid was metabolized immediately after entry into the cells and different [14C]-labeled metabolites were detected in the cells. Up to approximately 50% of the accumulated phenylacetic acid was metabolized during the transport-assay period, the conversion having an impact on the uptake experiments. Nevertheless, accumulation of free unchanged phenylacetic acid in the cells showed saturation kinetics, suggesting the possible involvement of a high-affinity carrier in uptake of phenylacetic acid in P. chrysogenum Wisconsin 54-1255. At high concentrations of phenylacetic acid, contribution to uptake by this carrier is minor in comparison to simple diffusion and therefore, of no importance in the industrial production of penicillin. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 310-316, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of N-Linked Glycosylation on Secretion, Activity, and Stability of α-Amylase from Aspergillus oryzae (1998)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 37 (1998), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The effect of N-linked glycosylation on secretion, activity, and stability of α-amylase from Aspergillus oryzae grown as dispersed filaments was studied. In the presence of tunicamycin the fungus grew either as dispersed filaments or as one large pellet, whereas growth was as dispersed filaments in all control cultures. The presence of tunicamycin affected neither biomass, level of secreted α-amylase, nor total amount of secreted protein in cultures growing as dispersed filaments. In these cultures both glycosylated and nonglycosylated α-amylase appeared in the culture medium as well as in the cells, whereas in control cultures only the glycosylated form of α-amylase was found in the medium and in the cells. The presence of nonglycosylated α-amylase in the medium seemed to result from active secretion rather than from autolysis of the mycelium or extracellular deglycosylation. Deglycosylation with Endo H of crude α-amylase in culture filtrate did not affect its stability towards heat, acid pH, or proteolytic degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900348
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular α-Glucosidase with Dextran-Hydrolyzing Activity from the Thermophilic Fungus, Thermomyces lanuginosus (1996)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 33 (1996), S. 152-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus, which is able to use dextran as primary carbon source for growth, excreted during the early phases of growth an enzyme activity capable of degrading dextran. The activity peaked at 22 h and decreased rapidly after the culture entered the stationary phase, probably caused by protease activity. Results from growth on a number of different carbon sources showed that polymer carbohydrates yielded the highest dextranase activities. On the basis of the substrate specificity and the release of glucose in the α-anomeric form from the hydrolysis of maltose, it is proposed that the enzyme responsible for the necessary degradation of dextran to smaller saccharides is an α-glucosidase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900092
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  • 10
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    Metabonomics in Ulcerative Colitis: Diagnostics, Biomarker Identification, And Insight into the Pathophysiology (2010)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-02-05
    Print ISSN: 1535-3893
    Electronic ISSN: 1535-3907
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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