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  • 1
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    SRY nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and sex reversal [Biochemistry] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-18
    Description: Human testis determination is initiated by SRY (sex determining region on Y chromosome). Mutations in SRY cause gonadal dysgenesis with female somatic phenotype. Two subtle variants (V60L and I90M in the high-mobility group box) define inherited alleles shared by an XY sterile daughter and fertile father. Whereas specific DNA binding...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    The role of Notch signaling in muscle progenitor cell depletion and the rapid onset of histopathology in muscular dystrophy (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-23
    Description: Although it has been speculated that stem cell depletion plays a role in the rapid progression of the muscle histopathology associated with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for stem cell depletion remain poorly understood. The rapid depletion of muscle stem cells has not been observed in the dystrophin-deficient model of DMD (mdx mouse), which may explain the relatively mild dystrophic phenotype observed in this animal model. In contrast, we have observed a rapid occurrence of stem cell depletion in the dystrophin/utrophin double knockout (dKO) mouse model, which exhibits histopathological features that more closely recapitulate the phenotype observed in DMD patients compared with the mdx mouse. Notch signaling has been found to be a key regulator of stem cell self-renewal and myogenesis in normal skeletal muscle; however, little is known about the role that Notch plays in the development of the dystrophic histopathology associated with DMD. Our results revealed an over-activation of Notch in the skeletal muscles of dKO mice, which correlated with sustained inflammation, impaired muscle regeneration and the rapid depletion and senescence of the muscle progenitor cells (MPCs, i.e. Pax7+ cells). Consequently, the repression of Notch in the skeletal muscle of dKO mice delayed/reduced the depletion and senescence of MPCs, and restored the myogenesis capacity while reducing inflammation and fibrosis. We suggest that the down-regulation of Notch could represent a viable approach to reduce the dystrophic histopathologies associated with DMD.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Ca2+-dependent structural rearrangements within Na+-Ca2+ exchanger dimers [Physiology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-26
    Description: Cytoplasmic Ca2+ is known to regulate Na+–Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) activity by binding to two adjacent Ca2+-binding domains (CBD1 and CBD2) located in the large intracellular loop between transmembrane segments 5 and 6. We investigated Ca2+-dependent movements as changes in FRET between exchanger proteins tagged with CFP or YFP at position 266 within the large cytoplasmic loop. Data indicate that the exchanger assembles as a dimer in the plasma membrane. Addition of Ca2+ decreases the distance between the cytoplasmic loops of NCX pairs. The Ca2+-dependent movements detected between paired NCXs were abolished by mutating the Ca2+ coordination sites in CBD1 (D421A, E451A, and D500V), whereas disruption of the primary Ca2+ coordination site in CBD2 (E516L) had no effect. Thus, the Ca2+-induced conformational changes of NCX dimers arise from the movement of CBD1. FRET studies of CBD1, CBD2, and CBD1–CBD2 peptides displayed Ca2+-dependent movements with different apparent affinities. CBD1–CBD2 showed a Ca2+-dependent phenotype mirroring full-length NCX but distinct from both CBD1 and CBD2.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Heterogeneous multiscale methods for highly oscillatory mechanical systems with solution-dependent frequencies (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: We study the heterogeneous multiscale method (HMM) applied to mechanical systems with solution-dependent high frequencies. Using the example of a stiff spring double pendulum, we formulate a symmetric HMM. It is shown that, for our approach, a correct initialization of the microscale simulation depends crucially on the adiabatic invariance of the actions of the system. Moreover, this almost-invariant property guarantees the existence of an underlying effective system of differential-algebraic equations, which we derive. As we explain, the class of systems under consideration can still be transformed into a setting where an effective system is explicitly available. The analysis is done using canonical transformations proposed by K. Lorenz and Ch. Lubich. It provides general insight into the numerical behaviour and into the development of integrators for the systems under consideration. Finally, we show numerically how other integrators, namely FLAVORS and the impulse method, fail to resolve the correct dynamics.
    Print ISSN: 0272-4979
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3642
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Exact renormalization group and higher-spin holography (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-07
    Description: Author(s): Robert G. Leigh, Onkar Parrikar, and Alexander B. Weiss In this paper, we revisit scalar field theories in d space-time dimensions possessing U(N) global symmetry. Following our recent work [1], we consider the generating function of correlation functions of all U(N)-invariant, single-trace operators at the free-fixed point. The exact renormalization gro... [Phys. Rev. D 91, 026002] Published Tue Jan 06, 2015
    Keywords: String Theory
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Holographic geometry of the renormalization group and higher spin symmetries (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-29
    Description: Author(s): Robert G. Leigh, Onkar Parrikar, and Alexander B. Weiss We consider the Wilson-Polchinski exact renormalization group (RG) applied to the generating functional of single-trace operators at a free-fixed point in d=2+1 dimensions. By exploiting the rich symmetry structure of free-field theory, we study the geometric nature of the RG equations and the assoc... [Phys. Rev. D 89, 106012] Published Wed May 28, 2014
    Keywords: String Theory
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    The halo+cluster system of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 1851 (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-01
    Description: NGC 1851 is surrounded by a stellar component that extends more than 10 times beyond the tidal radius. Although the nature of this stellar structure is not known, it has been suggested to be a sparse halo of stars or associated with a stellar stream. We analyse the nature of this intriguing stellar component surrounding NGC 1851 by investigating its radial velocities and chemical composition, in particular in comparison with those of the central cluster analysed in a homogeneous manner. In total we observed 23 stars in the halo with radial velocities consistent with NGC 1851, and for 15 of them we infer [Fe/H] abundances. Our results show that (i) stars dynamically linked to NGC 1851 are present at least up to ~2.5 tidal radii, supporting the presence of a halo of stars surrounding the cluster; (ii) apart from the NGC 1851 radial velocity-like stars, our observed velocity distribution agrees with that expected from Galactic models, suggesting that no other substructure (such as a stream) at different radial velocities is present in our field; (iii) the chemical abundances for the s -process elements Sr and Ba are consistent with the s -normal stars observed in NGC 1851; (iv) all halo stars have metallicities, and abundances for the other studied elements Ca, Mg and Cr, consistent with those exhibited by the cluster. The complexity of the whole NGC 1851 cluster+halo system may agree with the scenario of a tidally disrupted dwarf galaxy in which NGC 1851 was originally embedded.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Upscale Energy Transfer in Three-Dimensional Rapidly Rotating Turbulent Convection (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-10
    Description: Author(s): Antonio M. Rubio, Keith Julien, Edgar Knobloch, and Jeffrey B. Weiss Rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection exhibits, in the limit of rapid rotation, a turbulent state known as geostrophic turbulence. This state is present for sufficiently large Rayleigh numbers representing the thermal forcing of the system, and is characterized by a leading order balance between the C... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 144501] Published Wed Apr 09, 2014
    Keywords: Nonlinear Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Classical Optics, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 9
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    Environmental health: nickel-and-diming it (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 27;282(5394):1644.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9867663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Environmental Health ; Environmental Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Intelligence/drug effects ; Mental Processes/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Molecular biology. Translation goes global (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, Robert B -- Atkins, John F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 16;334(6062):1509-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1216974.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. bob.weiss@genetics.utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22174241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Mice ; Open Reading Frames ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; *Proteome ; *RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Ribosomes/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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