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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From desert to deluge in the Mediterranean (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 400 (1999), S. 613-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A time when the Mediterranean became cut off from, then reconnected to, the Atlantic has been securely dated. An approach known as astrochronology lies behind this achievement. Some time between five and six million years ago, the Mediterranean Sea became isolated from the Atlantic Ocean. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/23131
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial fossilization in carbonate sediments: a result of the bacterial surface involvement in dolomite precipitation (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 50 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Recent dolomitic sediment samples from Lagoa Vermelha, Brazil, were examined microscopically to study the process of bacterial fossilization in carbonate sediments. Bacteria-like bodies were intimately associated with carbonate mineral surfaces, and coatings on the former demonstrate the calcification of single bacterial cells. The bacterial fossilization process in Lagoa Vermelha sediments was simulated in the laboratory by cultivation of mixed and pure cultures of sulphate-reducing bacteria, which were isolated from the Lagoa Vermelha sediments. These cultures produced carbonate minerals that were studied to provide insight into the initiation of the fossilization process. In mixed culture experiments, bacterial colonies became calcified, whereas in pure culture experiments, single bacterial cells were associated with dolomite surfaces. Dolomite nucleated exclusively in bacterial colonies, intimately associated with extracellular organic matter and bacterial cells. Electrophoretic mobility measurements of the bacterial cells in electrolyte solutions demonstrated the specific adsorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+ onto the cell surfaces, indicating the role of the bacterial surface in carbonate nucleation and bacterial fossilization. The affinity of the cells for Mg2+ was related to the capability of the strains to mediate dolomite formation. Combined with sulphate uptake, which dissociates the [MgSO4]0 ion pair and increases the Mg2+ availability, the concentration of Mg2+ ions in the microenvironment around the cells, where the conditions are favourable for dolomite precipitation, may be the key to overcome the kinetic barrier to dolomite formation. These results demonstrate that bacterial fossilization is a consequence of the cell surface involvement in carbonate precipitation, implying that fossilized bacterial bodies can be used as a tool to recognize microbially mediated carbonates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00550.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass movement-induced fold-and-thrust belt structures in unconsolidated sediments in Lake Lucerne (Switzerland) (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: High-resolution seismic imaging and piston coring in Lake Lucerne, Switzerland, have revealed surprising deformation structures in flat-lying, unconsolidated sediment at the foot of subaqueous slopes. These deformation structures appear beneath wedges of massflow deposits and resemble fold-and-thrust belts with basal décollement surfaces. The deformation is interpreted as the result of gravity spreading induced by loading of the slope-adjacent lake floor during massflow deposition. This study investigated four earthquake-triggered lateral mass-movement deposits in Lake Lucerne affecting four sections of the lake floor with areas ranging from 0·25 to 6·5 km2 in area. Up to 6 m thick sediment packages draping the subaqueous slopes slid along the acoustic basement. The resulting failure scars typically lie in water depths of 〉30 m on slopes characterized by downward steepening and inclinations of 〉10°. From the base-of-slope to several hundred metres out onto the flat plains, the wedges of massflow deposits overlie deeply (10–20 m) deformed basin-plain sediment characterized by soft sediment fold-and-thrust belts with arcuate strikes and pronounced frontal thrusts. The intensity of deformation decreases towards the more external parts of the massflow wedges. Beyond the frontal thrust, the overridden lake floor remains mostly undisturbed. Geometrical relationships between massflow deposits and the deformed basin-plain sediment indicate that deformation occurred mainly during massflow deposition. Gravity spreading induced by the successive collapse of the growing slope-adjacent massflow wedge is proposed as the driving mechanism for the deformation. The geometry of fjord-type lakes with sharp lower slope breaks favours the deposition of thick, basin-marginal massflow wedges, that effectively load and deform the underlying sediment. In the centre of the basins, the two largest massflow deposits described are directly overlain by thick contained (mega-)turbidites, interpreted as combined products of the suspension clouds set up by subaqueous mass movements and related tsunami and seiche waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00694.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic stratigraphy, buried beach ridges and contourite drifts: the Late Quaternary history of the closed Lago Cardiel basin, Argentina (49°S) (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The results of a seismic stratigraphic analysis of a closed lake basin, Lago Cardiel, in southernmost South America are reported. Very few high-resolution, continental records spanning the Late Quaternary have been obtained from this region. Seismic sequence stratigraphic analysis allows a reconstruction of lake level variations. Two major hiatuses of unknown age occurred during the early evolution of the basin with the deposition of an alluvial fan in a restricted area in the intervening time period. Following the development of a relatively shallow lake during the late Pleistocene and a short desiccation pulse around 11 220 14C yr BP, a transgression of over 135 m occurred at the beginning of the Holocene. The transgression was associated with the formation of beach ridges preserved in the lake stratigraphy on the floor of the modern Lago Cardiel at four different elevations. The preservation of largely unreworked beach ridges indicates a stepwise rise in the lake level. There is no seismic evidence of a major lowering of the lake below modern level during the entire Holocene. Deposition since the mid-Holocene is marked by strong lateral differences in sediment accumulation with a depocentre slightly to the north of the basin midpoint and a pronounced mounded distribution. Seismic reflection geometries, as well as sedimentological characteristics indicate a lacustrine contourite drift covering an area of 80–100 km2. As Lago Cardiel is under the influence of westerly winds, these most likely drove lake circulation. The identification of drowned beach ridges and of contourite drifts illustrates that high-resolution seismic stratigraphy is not only a powerful tool in reconstructing past lake level elevations for closed lake basins, but it can also provide information about the rate of lake level changes and the presence and strength of lake currents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00677.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Messinian stromatolite-thrombolite associations, Santa Pola, SE Spain: an analogue for the Palaeozoic? (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 44 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Stromatolite-thrombolite associations are the dominant facies forming large portions of the Santa Pola carbonate platform (SE Spain) during deposition of the Terminal Carbonate Complex (TCC). The TCC, the last period of marine sedimentation in the Western Mediterranean associated with the Messinian Salinity Crisis, comprises a NE-SW trending thrombolite reef with occasionally interlayered stromatolite horizons and a predominantply stromatolite and oolite facies in the back-reef area. The stromatolites are mainly dome shaped, but fine-columnar or wavy-undulose forms can occur. The stromatolites form huge bioherms, extending tens to hundreds of metres. They are finely laminated with alternating layers of dolomicrite and dolomicrospar. The dolomicrite layers appear to be a primary dolomite precipitate, whereas the dolomite crystals in the dolomicrospar layers apparently formed around a meta-stable nuclei which was subsequently dissolved or degraded. The low content of sand-sized particles in the stromatolitic layers indicates formation under low-energy conditions, possibly on a tidal flat. As reported from other areas in the Western Mediterranean, deposition of the TCC at Santa Pola was apparently cyclic, whereby stromatolites generally terminate each depositional cycle. Subtidal Conophyton stromatolites, possibly the only known occurrence younger than Palaeozoic, are, however, found on the reef slope at the base of the first TCC depositional cycle. The dolomitic nature of the unadulterated stromatolitic laminations and the association of stromatolites and thrombolites as platform builders were a common feature in the Early Palaeozoic but are unusual in post-Ordovician carbonate facies. We propose that the conditions during TCC deposition were very restricted, possibly reflecting an environment similar to that of the Early Palaeozoic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.1997.d01-53.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dolomite formation and biogeochemical cycles in the Phanerozoic (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 47 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Based on present knowledge of the purely chemical controls on the kinetics of massive dolomite formation, the abundance and distribution of dolomite throughout the Phanerozoic remains an enigma, sometimes referred to as the ‘dolomite problem'. Comparing dolomite abundance to secular variation in seawater chemistry indicates that some changes in seawater chemistry are more likely to have resulted from extensive dolomitization rather than to have caused it. The recently formulated microbial dolomite model provides the opportunity to view the geological history of dolomite formation from a new perspective. A biogeochemical approach to the ‘dolomite problem' reveals a plausible connection between Phanerozoic geochemical cycles and dolomite formation. In particular, periods of more extensive dolomitization broadly correlate with diverse indicators of decreased oxygen levels in the atmosphere and oceans. Lowered oxygen levels would have fostered a more active community of anaerobic microbes, including sulphate-reducing bacteria, which in turn could have led to more extensive dolomitization of marine carbonates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.00004.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracking abrupt climate change in the Southern Hemisphere: a seismic stratigraphic study of Lago Cardiel, Argentina (49°S) (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Terra nova 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Lake sediments from a closed basin in southern Patagonia (Argentina) provide a continental archive with which to reconstruct climate change and to test the interhemispheric synchroneity of abrupt events. High-resolution sub-bottom seismic profiles of Lago Cardiel indicate substantial lake-level changes since the late Pleistocene, which were identified and dated in a series of long piston cores. These data allow the reconstruction of the regional water balance at 49="PSFT−BC"202S since the late glacial. The seismic stratigraphy reveals a dry late glacial climate with a desiccation of the basin around 11 220 yr BP (14C). Lake level rapidly increased by 135 m at the Holocene transition. Following the early Holocene highstand at + 55 m, lake level never dropped significantly below modern level. The palaeoclimate changes implied by the Lago Cardiel record are out-of-phase with those implied by records from tropical South America and demonstrate considerable latitudinal asynchroneity in the climate evolution of this continent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2001.00377.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial mediation as a possible mechanism for natural dolomite formation at low temperatures (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 377 (1995), S. 220-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The recent discovery8 of primary dolomite precipitation in Lagoa Vermelha, a small (1.9 km2), shallow-water (〈2 m), iso-lated coastal lagoon situated between Rio de Janeiro and Cabo Frio, Brazil (22° 56' S, 42° 23' W) adds another dimension- direct microbial mediation-to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377220a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Swiss lakes as a geological laboratory (1985)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 72 (1985), S. 365-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Conclusions Varves are sediments registering annual events. Carbonate varves register annual precipitation of calcium carbonate. Glacio-lacustrine varves record an annual freeze-over. The Swiss lakes provide field sites where annual changes of biologic productivity can be monitored, and where secular climatic variations can be recognized. Our investigations of lake sediments have helped not only to understand the modern lacustrine deposition, but also to develop an insight into the interrelations between climate, productivity, and sedimentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410599
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  • 10
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    Fifty Years of Scientific Ocean Drilling (2019)
    Oceanography Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Oceanography Society , 2019. This article is posted here by permission of Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Becker, K., Austin, J. A., Jr., Exon, N., Humphris, S., Kastner, M., McKenzie, J. A., Miller, K. G., Suyehiro, K., & Taira, A. Fifty years of scientific ocean drilling. Oceanography, 32(1), (2019):17-21, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2019.110.
    Description: Nearly a century after the first systematic study of the global ocean and seafloor by HMS Challenger (1871–1876), US scientists began to drill beneath the seafloor to unlock the secrets of the ~70% of Earth’s surface covered by the seas. Fifty years of scientific ocean drilling by teams of international partners has provided unparalleled advancements in Earth sciences. Here, we briefly review the history, impacts, and scientific achievements of five decades of coordinated scientific ocean drilling.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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