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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the role of Zn in Sm2Fe17Nx permanent magnets : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6044-6046 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Coercivities up to 1.9 T were achieved by bonding micron-size Sm2Fe17Nx particles with zinc. X-ray analysis of Zn-bonded samples indicates the presence of the ZnFe Γ phase and no unreacted Zn, after heat treatment at about 390 °C for 100 min for samples with Zn content varying from 5 to 35 wt. %. The increase of coercivity occurs only for a more intense heat treatment, e.g., at 390 °C for 300 min or 425 °C for 100 min. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows two exothermic peaks at 388 and 426 °C, but no endothermic peak related to the melting of Zn (at 419.6 °C) was observed. In dilatometric measurements two peaks were observed for the rate of length change near the same temperatures as the DSC peaks. Polarization-versus-field curves point to an additional ferromagnetic phase with (i) a Curie temperature near 180 K and (ii) 2% of the net magnetization at low temperatures. The corresponding dip in low-temperature demagnetization curves, however, is about 10% in depth. Most of the Sm2Fe17Nx grains in the demagnetized Zn-bonded magnets are multidomain. We found γ≈3.4×10−2 J/m2 and Dc≈0.3 μm for the wall energy and for the critical single-domain particle diameter, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353464
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of Conjugated Catecholamines by the Adrenal Medulla Equivalent of the American Eel, Anguilla rostrata
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 90 (1993), S. 58-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1993.1060
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytological and Biochemical Studies on Chromaffin Cells in the Head Kidney of Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 92 (1993), S. 133-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1993.1150
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis: virulence, antibody production and protection from challenge in a mouse model (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 35 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Septic arthritis in mice was used as a model to evaluate the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from cases of bovine mastitis. In addition, the model was used to evaluate the cross protection elicited by heterologous antibodies. Mice were intramuscularly inoculated with serial bacterial doses of different strains of S. aureus or CNS, for virulence determination; they were monitored for arthritis, gangrene or death up to 20 days. Antibody response, cross reactivity and resistance to challenge were tested by subcutaneous inoculation with a low dose of one of the S. aureus or CNS strains followed by challenge with two S. aureus strains. S. aureusα-hemolysin isolate was the most virulent, followed by α+β-hemolysin and β-hemolysin isolates. The least virulent isolates were the non-hemolytic S. aureus strains but even they were more virulent than the CNS strains tested. Antibodies against three different S. aureus antigens were detected by the ELISA in all mice that were inoculated with the S. aureus strains but not in any of those with the CNS strains. Immunoblot test against various S. aureus strains as antigens showed high cross-reactivity among the S. aureus strains but only a slight similarity, restricted to the bands above 36 kDa, with the CNS sera. Low-dose inoculation of α or α+β strains before challenge with homologous and heterologous strains protected the mice, whereas the two β strains provided only partial protection. The inoculations of non-hemolytic S. aureus or the CNS strains did not elicit any protection. Our findings demonstrate that pre-exposure of mice to a low dose of certain S. aureus strains could provide protection and that the antibodies produced could have an important protective role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0928-8244(02)00458-3
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bildung orientierter Randschichten in Spritzgußplatten aus Polypropylen (1987)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 26 (1987), S. 548-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Injection molding ; skin layer ; crystallization kinetics ; chainorientation ; polypropylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The thickness of highly oriented skin layers is determined on 2-mm-thick plates injected under different processing conditions by birefringence measurements. Two technical polypropylene types of different molar mass distributions are used. Measurements on samples injected with and without pressure hold after filling make it possible to decide between chain orientation caused during injection and chain orientation caused by the pressure hold after filling. Different models for the calculation of the oriented layer thickness are discussed. The results reveal that the highly oriented skin layers are already formed during the filling phase and that thickness is probably determined through the opposing development of stress-induced crystallization and relaxation. Further measurements indicate that at the injection molding without pressure hold after filling, the melt can relax between the skin layers and can be strongly supercooled before it crystallizes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An 2 mm dicken unter verschiedenen Bedingungen spritzgegossenen Platten aus zwei Polypropylentypen mit unterschiedlicher Molmassenverteilung wird durch Messung der optischen Doppelbrechung die Dicke der hochorientierten Randschichten bestimmt. Durch solche Messungen an Platten, die mit und ohne Nachdruck gespritzt wurden, lassen sich die während der Füllphase von den während der Nachdruckphase entstandenen Orientierungsanteilen trennen. Möglichkeiten der theoretischen Berechnung der Randschichtdicke werden diskutiert. Hieraus ergibt sich, daß die hochorientierten Randschichten bereits während des Füllvorganges entstehen und deren Dicke vermutlich durch die Konkurrenz zwischen scherinduzierter Kristallisation und Relaxation bestimmt wird. Beim Spritzen ohne Nachdruck kann die Schmelze in der Mitte der Platte zwischen den Randschichten relaxieren und stark unterkühlt werden, bevor sie kristalliert, wie durch zusätzliche Messungen nachgewiesen wurde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01333739
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperatur- und Wärmeleitfähigkeit im Hochitemperaturbereich (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 47 (1996), S. 643-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: calibration ; dilatometry ; hard metals ; heat conductivity ; heat transport in solids ; iron ; Laserflash technique ; specific heat capacity ; thermal diffusivity ; thermal expansion coefficient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Thermal diffusivity and heat conductivity are important properties for description of the heat transport in solids. Results of measurements of iron in a temperature range of room temperature up to 1000
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01984006
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gasanalyse beim Sintern von Hartmetall durch TA-imulation (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 47 (1996), S. 651-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: characterization of volatile products ; gas analysis ; in-situ characterization ; mass spectrometry ; sintering of hard metals ; TG-DTA-EGA coupling ; thermoanalyitcal simulation ; thermobalance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The processes taking place during outgassing and sintering of different hard metals are investigated by Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (Thermogravimetry and Differential Thermoanalysis) coupled with Mass Spectrometry. In this paper an overview on the application of these methods is given. The progress of gas reactions, their kinetics and the reaction products themselves are characterized more in detail. Main products of the outgassing during the sintering of hard metals are hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and partly nitrogen. The outgassing during the sintering of conventional WC-Co hard metal is finished at relatively low temperatures (approximately 800
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01984007
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ investigation of distortion of multilayer structures at elevated temperatures (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 33 (1988), S. 871-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Messmethode unter Verwendung eines modifizierten Dilatometers wurde entwickelt zur Untersuchung der Verbiegung von Vielschichtstrukturen bei erhöhten Temperaturen. Die Verbiegung einseitig mit Kupferpaste beschichteter Dickfilmsubstrate wurde von Raumtemperatur bis 700 °C gemessen. Abweichend von den Erwartungen nimmt die Verbiegung nicht gleichmässig bis zur Erweichungstemperatur des Glases ab. Stattdessen ändert sich ihr Vorzeichen bei ≈ 100 °C. Mit steigender Temperatur ändert sich der Charakter der Verbiegung von linear thermoelastischem zu nichtlinearem Verhalten infolge des plastischen Fliessens in der Kupferschicht.
    Abstract: Резюме Модифицированный ди латометр был использ ован в качестве измерител ьного устройства при иссле довании деформаций многослоистых струк тур при повышенных те мпературах. Изгиб толстопленочн ых подложек, покрытых с одной стороны медной пасто й, был измерен при температ урах от комнатной до 700°. Вопреки ожиданиям, не происхо дило равномерного уменше ния изгиба с увеличен ием температуры до точки размягчения стекла, н о при температуре окол о 100° наблюдалось измен ение кривизны изгиба. С уве личением температуры характе р изгиба образца изме нялся от линейного термоэлас тичного поведения до нелинейного, что вызв ано ползучестью внут ри слоя металлической меди.
    Notes: Abstract A modified dilatometer was used as the basis of a measuring method for investigation of the distortion of multilayer structures at elevated temperatures. The bowing of thick film substrates unilaterally covered with copper paste was measured from room temperature up to 700 °C. The bowing did not, as expected, decrease uniformly with increasing temperature up to the softening point of the glass, but a change occurred in the curvature of bowing at about 100 °C. With increasing temperature, the character of the bowing of the sample changed from linear thermo-elastic behaviour to non-linear behaviour, caused by plastic flow within the metallic copper layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02138602
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal analysis — A guide to the optimization of sintering processes (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 33 (1988), S. 559-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Beim Sintern vielkomponentiger Systeme, die aus Gemischen der Komponenten hergestellt werden, bestimmt eine Vielzahl von Festkörperreaktionen, Neubildung und Auflösung von Phasen und das Auftreten von flüssigen Phasen die Verdichtung und die erreichbare Mikrostruktur des Materials. Ergebnisse der Untersuchung in den Systemen WC-Co und Fe-Si durch kombinierten Einsatz von Dilatometrie, TG-DTA, metallographischen und Mikrosonden-Untersuchungen werden mitgeteilt.
    Abstract: Резюме В процессе спекания м ногокомпонентных си стем, полученных с помощью твердотельных реакций смеси компон ентов, образование фа зы или растворение, также ка к и наличие жидкой фазы определя ют плотность и конечн ую микроструктуру мате риала. Представлены результаты исследов аний систем WC-Со и Fe-Si с использованием мето дов дилатометрии, дифференциального т ермического анализа и термогравиметрии, со пряженных с металлографическим анализом и анализом м икропробы.
    Notes: Abstract During the sintering of multicomponent disperse systems prepared from mixtures of the components, a variety of solid-state reactions, phase formation or dissolution, and the occurrence of a liquid phase determine the densification and the final microstructure of the material. The results are presented of investigations on the systems WC-Co and Fe-Si, through the simultaneous application of dilatometry, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry, coupled with metallographic and microprobe analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01913938
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal expansion behaviour — Limits and possibilities for materials research (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 33 (1988), S. 553-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Auf dem Gebiet der Materialforschung spielt die Messung der thermischen Ausdehnung eine grosse Rolle sowohl für die Anwendung bei hohen Temperaturen als auch im Zusammenhang mit der Präparation des Materials. Bei porösen Materialien, die nach pulvermetallurgischen Methoden hergestellt werden, ist der Sinterprozess von einem Schrumpfen oder einer Ausdehnung des Materials begleitet. Die Untersuchung dieser Vorgänge liefert neue Ergebnisse zur Deutung von Flüssigoder- oder Festphasenreaktionen und damit Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Materialeigenschaften.
    Abstract: Резюме При исследовании раз личных материалов термическое расшире ние играет важную роль не только в случа е применения более вы соких температур, но и в проц ессе получения самых материалов. Для порош ковых материалов, пол учаемых методом порошковой м еталлургии, процесс спекания выз ывает сжатие или расш ирение материала. Проведенн ые исследования процессов сжатия и ра сширения позволили в ывести новые заключения, кас ающиеся твердотельн ых реакций и реакций в жи дком состоянии, что повволило улучшить с войства получаемых материалов.
    Notes: Abstract In the field of materials research thermal expansion plays an important role not only in the case of applications at higher temperatures but also in connection with the preparation of the materials themselves. For porous materials produced by powder metallurgical techniques the sintering process leads to a shrinkage or an expansion of the material during its preparation. From the investigation of the shrinkage or the expansion behaviour new conclusions can be drawn concerning the interpretation of solid or liquid state reactions which allow an improvement of the materials properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01913937
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